甘肃省会宁县第一中学2019届高三英语上学期第一次月考试题（含解析）.doc

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1、1会宁一中 2019 届高三英语第一次月考试题第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhen it comes to purchasing your first bike, the choice is endless, making it tough to know what to go for. Here are the the best buys on the market right now.1. Boardman CX CompThis is a cro

2、ss-country bike, and its so multifunctional that you can handle any terrain (地势) on it, making it a great choice for those wanting to try various cycling subjects. If you leave on the thick tires it comes with, it can ride on various paths and can even handle some less demanding mountain bike routes

3、. Alternatively, put on thin, smooth tires and treat it as a road bike. It has a basket and comes with Shimano Sora gears(变速器), which are outstanding for its price.也就是说：对食物竞争的日益激烈是其灭绝的一种原因。故选 A。【11 题详解】推理判断题。题干问的是本篇文章的语篇类型是什么。根据第一段 Scientists have solved the mystery of.和第五段 The study used genetic da

4、ta to determine.以及最后一段可以看出:该文揭示了 mammoth 化石大部分是雄性的原因，所以这是刊登在报纸上的一篇文章。不属于 B 项意为“学术论文”;C 项意为“描述历史”;D 项意为“科幻小说”。故选 A。【点睛】学生学会分析句子成分有利于提高阅读速度和做题的正确率，如第二题，其证据信息在第二段。 young male mammoth probably traveled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations 是主句;where they were swept into rivers

5、, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes 是定语从句修饰先行词situations; that preserved their bones for thousands of years 是定语从句修饰先行词 rivers ice, mud, lake 和 sinkholes。 Much like wild elephants today 作状语。DIts no secret that American infrastructure is aging. Concrete(混凝土) structures, in particular

6、, are in desperate need of repair.Cracks (缝隙) are very common due to various chemical and physical phenomena that occur during everyday use, which can be quite harmful as they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses and the harmful substances they might contain. But continuous repair work is

7、 difficult because it usually requires a huge amount of labor and investment. So since 2013, Ive been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human involvement. The idea was originally inspired by the amazing ability of the human body to heal itself of cuts, bruis

8、es and broken bones. In the same way, can we provide necessary products to concrete to fill in cracks when damage happens?My colleagues from Binghamton University and I have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus (真菌) called Trichoderma 9reesei. We initially screened about

9、 20 different species of fungi in order to find one that could stand the difficult conditions in concrete. Of all the fungi we tested, only T. reesei could survive this environment. Despite the sudden PHincrease, its spores (孢子) developed into threadlike things and grew equally well with or without

10、concrete.We propose including fungal spores, together with nutrients, during the initial mixing process when building a new concrete structure. When the unavoidable cracking occurs and water finds its way in, the sleeping fungal spores will start to grow. They then will work as an activator within t

11、he calcium-rich conditions of the concrete to promote precipitation (析出) of calcium carbonatecrystals. These mineral deposits can fill in the cracks. If cracks form again and environmental conditions become favorable, the spores could wake up and repeat the process.Our research is still in the initi

12、al stage and theres a long way to go to make self-healing concrete practical and cost-effective. But the scope of American infrastructures challenges makes exploring creative solutions like this worthwhile.12. Why does the author mention the self-healing of human body?A. To show how amazing human bo

13、dy is.B. To prove everything will turn out to be fine.C. To provide a possibility of concrete healing itself.D. To stress that its unnecessary to have medicines.13. What do we know about T. reesei?A. It has been applied to building a new concrete.B. It can bear the tough conditions in concrete.C. It

14、s spores will be useless after one repair.D. It poses potential risks to environment.14. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?A. The challenges of American infrastructure. B. The research on self-healing concrete.10C. The process of cracking. D. The promotion of spores

15、.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The Danger of Cracks B. The Aging of American InfrastructureC. The Most Powerful Fungus D. Concrete Filling Its Own Cracks【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述美国基础设施的老龄化，混凝土出现裂缝。作者和同事通过测试发现了一种真菌，能使裂缝自己愈合。作者认为虽然该项研究还是初始阶段，

16、还有很长的路要走，但是面对美国基础设施的现状，觉得这一研究是很值得的。【12 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 Since 2013,I have been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human involvenment .when damage happens?可知，作者受人类自愈功能的灵感的激发，产生了要调查清楚混凝土缝隙在没有人类的作用下怎样自愈的，故作者提到人类自愈是为了证明混凝土缝隙有可能会自愈。故选 C。【13 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 Of all

17、 the fungi we tested ,only T.reesei could survive these environment 可知，所有 20 种不同类型的真菌中，只有 T.reesei 能经受得住混凝土中的艰苦条件。故选 B。【14 题详解】代词指代题。根据最后一段中 there is a long way to go to make self-healing concrete practical and cost-effective. But the scope of American infrastructures challenges makes exploring crea

18、tive solutions like this worthwhile 可知，虽然让混凝土自愈（这一研究项目）达到实用化和有成本效益化还有很长的路要走，但是美国的大范围的基础设施老龄化，让（有创造性的）探索（此类解决办法）很值得，故可推知“this”指的是“混凝土自愈的研究” 。故选 B。【15 题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是面对美国基础设施的老龄化混凝土出现裂缝，作者和同事通过测试发现了一种真菌，能使缝隙自己愈合。A 项意为“缝隙的威胁”;B 项意为“基础11设施的老龄化”;C 项意为“最强大的一种真菌”;D 项意为“混凝土自愈缝隙” 。故选 D。【点睛】1.本篇阅读理解题，生词量较大

19、，考生要有耐心。要记着：生词量越大，题往往越容易做对，考生要做的就是耐心去读文章。2.在阅读理解设计问题中，有一种换词现象，如第二题中的 B 项，原文在第三段第三行（用的是 stand） ，选项中换成了 bear，这要求考生在课下一定要认真积累同义词。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to overcome challenges in your lifeWe all face tough and difficult challenges in life. To overcome cha

20、llenges you need to have that “never quit” attitude in life. If you develop it, youll overcome quite a bit.Motivate yourself. Say “YES, I CAN.” The challenge should bring out the best of you in this situation. Slow it down, and think that process through. _16_ If you develop that mindset (心态), youll

21、 get it done._17_ Remain calm when youre facing serious troubles and problems in life. You have to recollect yourself, and calm down. You cant solve problems when youre panicking. Take a deep breath, relax, and slow it down. Think things through calmly.Let failure and fear fuel you in a positive way

22、. Everyone fails at times. If you fail the first, second, or third time, dont give up. _18_ Learn what made you fail at overcoming these challenges.Simplify the challenge youre facing. Make the challenge easier than it is. _19_ As you get through each step, you develop more confidence and you believ

23、e you can get it done, and then you will.Stay positive and confident. _20_ You have to find out all the ways you can use to overcome it, and put them to full use with all your effort. Its our own mental stability thats the difficult part. When you do it mentally, youll actually be able to do it.A. S

24、tay calm and cool headed.12B. Think the best, not the worst.C. Start by breaking it down into steps.D. To overcome a challenge, you have to believe you can really do it.E. Most people will avoid any challenge, because theyre scared of failing.F. Develop that confidence in saying theres no way youre

25、going to fail at this.G. Pick yourself up, and learn from why youve failed, and move on in a positive direction.【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. C 20. D【解析】试题分析：人生中我们会不断面临挑战，怎样克服挑战，作者给了我们一些具体的建议。【16 题详解】F 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲要激励自己，要对自己说我能行，不要着急，发挥最好的自己。如果有这种心态事情就能成功。F 项“用这种方法来增加自信就不会失败。 ”连接前后，承上启下，故选 F。【17

26、 题详解】A 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法。A 项“保持镇静头脑冷静。 ”能概括全段内容适合作为标题，故选 A。【18 题详解】G 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲用积极的态度面对失败。上句讲失败几次也不要放弃。G 项“重新爬起，从失败中学习然后朝着积极的方向前行。 ”与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，故选 G。【19 题详解】C 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本空前面讲“简化面对的挑战。使困难变容易些” ，空格后面讲“当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的信心相信自己能行，你就会成功。 ”故 C项“从把挑战分解成小的步骤开始。 ”连接前后，故选 C

27、。【20 题详解】D 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心。下文讲要找到13解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以赴去解决问题。D 项“为了战胜挑战你必须相信你能行。 ”符合本段意思且连接前后，故选 D。考点：考查对文章的整体理解和上下文逻辑关系的把握。【名师点睛】关于七选五的做题步骤：1、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至

28、会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。2、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组） 、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先

29、做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。3、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。4、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结

30、构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。5、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。14第二部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In my second year of high school

31、, I met the anthropology (人类学) teacher, Mr. Croft. I didnt know anything about anthropology, so I never signed up for Mr. Crofts class. _21_, this didnt stop him from positively _22_ my life.Mr. Croft was a _23_ twenty-four hours a day after school, before school, and in and out of his _24_. Mr. Cro

32、ft inspired and taught every student at East High, _25_ me. He often _26_ me to become all I could possibly be.How could I possibly _27_ Mr. Croft?After I graduated from high school, I had an opportunity to _28_ football for thirteen-year-olds. To get a feel for the boys _29_, I had each of them run

33、 out for a _30_. I wanted to see who could run, catch and throw so I could _31_ a team in my mind.Two days into practice, a tall kid appeared on the field. He got in _32_, and when he ran out for a pass, I threw the ball. It hit him square in the _33_. He picked up the _34_ and ran it back to me. It

34、 came time for his second pass and I _35_ him in the head again. With his nose bleeding and his lip swelling, he _36_ the ball, raced it back to me, and got back in line.Later I got to know that he was the son of my anthropology teacher, Tommy Croft. I was _37_. He said, “Im here because I want to p

35、lay football. And I promise _38_ youll help me, I know I can do it!”“Get back in line,” I told him. Here, at last, was my _39_ to be a Mr. Croft to a Croft. Here was my chance to give something back. For the first time in my life, I _40_ the meaning of “an educational system”. What goes around reall

36、y does come around!1521. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Therefore22. A. controlling B. influencing C. saving D. supporting23. A. teacher B. worker C. helper D. director24. A. office B. bedroom C. home D. classroom25. A. directly B. especially C. simply D. eventually26. A. encouraged B. asked

37、C. persuaded D. reminded27. A. repay B. forget C. refuse D. respect28. A. play B. coach C. follow D. watch29. A. characters B. courage C. abilities D. success30. A. show B. test C. pass D. score31. A. join B. train C. manage D. organize32. A. way B. line C. team D. competition33. A. chest B. back C.

38、 arm D. head34. A. glove B. hat C. ball D. sweater35. A. kicked B. knocked C. beat D. hit36. A. threw away B. put aside C. picked up D. got back37. A. interested B. touched C. puzzled D. shocked38. A. when B. if C. because D. though39. A. aim B. dream C. part D. chance40. A. understood B. found C. c

39、onveyed D. interpreted【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲述了作者上高中时经常受到 Mr. Croft 老师的鼓励，作者对恩施很感激，觉得无以回报恩师。毕业后作者训练了一批孩子踢足球，这群孩子当中其中一个就有恩师的儿子，作者很高兴有机会回报恩师。【21 题详解】考查连词辨析。根据空前和空后信息，可知我从未报名参加 Mr.

40、Croft 的课程，这并没有16阻止他影响我的生活。此处上下句含有转折。A 项意为：“除之外还有”;B 项意为：“否则，要不然”;C 项意为：“然而，但是”;D 项意为：“因此，所以”;故选 C。【22 题详解】考查动词辨析。根据下文 Mr. Croft inspired and taught every student at East High可知，Mr. Croft 老师是“影响”我的生活。A 项意为：“控制”;B 项意为：“影响”;C项意为：“节约”;D 项意为：“支持”;故选 B。【23 题详解】考查名词辨析。根据第一段中 I met the anthropology teacher

41、可知 Mr. Croft 是名老师；故选 A。【24 题详解】考查名词辨析。该老师的影响是无时不在的（上学期间，放学期间，课上和课下）;故选D。【25 题详解】考查副词辨析。每个学生都直接或间接的受到了 Mr. Croft 老师的影响。此处应是作者受到 Mr. Croft 的影响最大。A 项意为：“直接地”;B 项意为：“尤其是”;C 项意为：“简单地”;D 项意为：“最终地”;故选 B。【26 题详解】考查动词辨析。Mr. Croft 肯定是常常鼓励作者要尽可能的成就自己。A 项意为：“鼓励”;C 项意为：“劝服”;D 项意为：“提醒”;故选 A。【27 题详解】考查动词辨析。根据下文可知作

42、者最后成了 Mr. Croft 的儿子的教练回报了恩师。故在开始时作者自问：怎样才能回报恩师。A 项意为：“回报”;B 项意为：“忘记”;C 项意为：“拒绝”;D 项意为：“尊敬”;故选 A。【28 题详解】考查动词辨析。根据下段中 It came time for his second pass 作者是在（对队员）进行过关测试，可知此处作者应是训练这些 13 岁的孩子。coach n.教练;长途公共汽车; vt. 训练;指导.故选 B。【29 题详解】考查名词辨析。为了了解这些孩子的能力，作者让他们每一个人都进行过关测试。A 项意为：“性格；人物”;B 项意为：“勇气”;C 项意为：“能力”

43、;D 项意为：“成功”;故选17C。【30 题详解】考查名词辨析。根据下一段中 he run out for a pass 可知,作者让队员进行过关测试;故选 C。【31 题详解】考查动词辨析。根据下段中 he run out for a pass 和 It came time for his second pass 可知，作者组织过关测试目的是挑选人才以便组成队伍时（做到）心中有数。B 项意为：“训练”;C 项意为：“安排;管理”;D 项意为：“组织”;故选 D。【32 题详解】考查名词辨析。根据本段最后一句 got back in line 可知答案。D 项意为：“竞争”;故选 B。【33

44、 题详解】考查名词辨析。根据本段中 in the head again 可知球击中头部。故选 D。【34 题详解】考查名词辨析。根据本段中的第 16 个空后的 the ball 可知答案。A 项意为：“手套”;B项意为：“帽子”;D 项意为：“干衫”;故选 C。【35 题详解】考查动词辨析。根据本段中 It hit him square in the 可知是:再次击中头部。A 项意为：“踢”;B 项意为：“撞击”;C 项意为：“击打”;D 项意为：“击中”;故选 D。【36 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。根据本段中第 14 个空前的 He picked up the 可知,他的第二次动作和第一次动

45、作一样。A 项意为：“扔掉”;B 项意为：“放在一边”;C 项意为：“捡起”;D 项意为：“返回”;故选 C。【37 题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据空前信息可知，作者之前不知道这个高个男孩是 Mr. Croft 的儿子，所以作者（对他的儿子不气馁精神）很震惊。A 项意为：“感兴趣的”;B 项意为：“感动的”;C 项意为：“迷惑的”;D 项意为：“震惊的”;故选 D。【38 题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：我保证我能做到，如果你愿意帮助我;故选 B。【39 题详解】18考查名词辨析。根据下句可知，此处表达的是作者有机会（像 Mr. Croft 老师鼓励我一样）鼓励 Mr. Croft 的儿子，以回报恩

46、师;故选 D。【40 题详解】考查动词辨析。此处应表达的是作者在人生中首次明白了传承教育的意义。C 项意为：“传达”;D 项意为：“说明;口译”;故选 A。【点睛】考生在做完形填空题时一定要注意上下文的连接，即：上文答案从下文找；下文答案从上文找。如：第 10,12,13.14,15,16 题。第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。I started working as a volunteer for the City of Surrey this summer. I did this becau

47、se Ive always enjoyed _41_ (help) people in any way I can. I thought if I became a volunteer for the City of Surrey, I would be able to achieve that goal. And being a volunteer for the City of Surrey _42_ (real) helped me branch out in many different directions. I volunteered over 256 hours of _43_

48、(serve) during the summer helping with day camps, teen dances and so on.I worked hard and did my best to show everyone that this is _44_ I love to do. I started by taking every course _45_ (offer) through the volunteer program and then began to apply for paid positions. By the end of the summer I _4

49、6_ (hire) as a dance instructor. Working for the City of Surrey has provided me with so many opportunities _47_ would not have presented them-selves anywhere else. I got a well-paid job much_48_ (early) than I had expected.I was _49_ (thank) that I had been given the chance _50_ (work) for such an amazing city an