SANS 60479-1-2006 Effects of current on human beings and livestock Part 1 General aspects《电流对人类及牲畜的影响 第1部分 一般方面》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-18856-6 SANS 60479-1:2006 Edition 2 and IEC corr. 1 IEC TS 60479-1:2005 Edition 4 and corr. 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Effects of cu

4、rrent on human beings and livestock Part 1: General aspects This national standard is the identical implementation of IEC 60479-1:2005 and IEC corrigendum 1, and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road gro

5、enkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 60479-1:2006 Edition 2 and IEC corr. 1 IEC TS 604

6、79-1:2005 Edition 4 and corr. 1 National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 68, Security systems, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This part of SANS 60479 was published in Febr

7、uary 2007. This SANS edition is technically identical to SANS edition 2 (SANS 60479-1:2006). IEC corrigendum 1 has been added. Table of changes Change No. Date Scope IEC corr. 1 2006 Changed to correct figures 22 and 23. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemai

8、ling clients of the SABS.October 2006 IEC 60479-1 (Fourth edition - 2005) Effects of current on human beings and livestock Part 1: General aspects CORRIGENDUM 1 Page 93 Figures 22 and 23 Replace existing Figures 22 and 23 by the following new figures: 5 000 2 000 1 000 500 200 100 50 20 10 0,1 0,2 0

9、,5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1 000 2 000 5 000 10 000 mA ms Duration of current flow t Body current I BDC-1 DC-2 DC-3 DC-4 a b c 1 c 2 c 3 DC-4.1 DC-4.2 DC-4.3 10 000 IEC 1002/05 Figure 22 Conventional time/current zones of effects of d.c. currents on persons for a longitudinal upward current path

10、(for explanation see Table 13) SANS 60479-1:2006This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.October 2006 99,5 99 96 95 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 5 2 1 0,5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Part of group that cannot let-go percentage (percenti

11、l rank) Let-go current mA r.m.s. percentile - 6 mA percentile - 9 mA Dalziels estimate for children 28 women 134 men IEC 1003/05 Figure 23 Let-go currents for 60 Hz sinusoidal current SANS 60479-1:2006This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the

12、SABS. SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE CEI IECTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION TS 60479-1 Quatrime dition Fourth edition 2005-07Effets du courant sur lhomme et les animaux domestiques Partie 1: Aspects gnraux Effects of current on human beings and livestock Part 1: General aspects Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur

13、For price, see current catalogue IEC 2005 Droits de reproduction rservs Copyright - all rights reserved Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans lac

14、cord crit de lditeur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1

15、211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch CODE PRIX PRICE CODE XA Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SCURIT BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION SANS 60479-1:

16、2006This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.TS 60479-1 IEC:2005 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD.11 INTRODUCTION.17 1 Scope.21 2 Normative references .23 3 Terms and definitions .23 3.1 General definitions 23 3.2 Effects of sinusoidal alternating cu

17、rrent in the range 15 Hz to 100 Hz .25 3.3 Effects of direct current .27 4 Electrical impedance of the human body.27 4.1 Internal impedance of the human body (Z i ) 27 4.2 Impedance of the skin (Z s ).29 4.3 Total impedance of the human body (Z T ).29 4.4 Factors affecting initial resistance of the

18、human body (R O )29 4.5 Values of the total impedance of the human body (Z T ).29 4.6 Value of the initial resistance of the human body (R O ) .45 5 Effects of sinusoidal alternating current in the range of 15 Hz to 100 Hz.45 5.1 Threshold of perception.45 5.2 Threshold of reaction.45 5.3 Immobiliza

19、tion .45 5.4 Threshold of let-go 45 5.5 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation.47 5.6 Other effects related to electric shocks47 5.7 Effects of current on the skin.49 5.8 Description of time/current zones (see Figure 20)51 5.9 Application of heart-current factor (F)51 6 Effects of direct current 53 6

20、.1 Threshold of perception and threshold of reaction .53 6.2 Threshold of immobilization and threshold of let-go.53 6.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation.53 6.4 Other effects of current .55 6.5 Description of time/current zones (see Figure 22)57 6.6 Heart factor .57 Annexes .95 Annex A (normativ

21、e) Measurements of the total body impedances Z Tmade on living human beings and on corpses and the statistical analysis of the results .97 Annex B (normative) Influence of frequency on the total body impedance (Z T ) .103 Annex C (normative) Total body resistance (R T ) for direct current 105 Annex

22、D (informative) Examples of calculations of Z T 107 Bibliography115 SANS 60479-1:2006This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.TS 60479-1 IEC:2005 5 Figure 1 Impedances of the human body57 Figure 2 Internal partial impedances Z ipof the h

23、uman body .59 Figure 3 Simplified schematic diagram for the internal impedances of the human body61 Figure 4 Total body impedances Z T(50 %) for a current path hand to hand, for large surface areas of contact in dry, water-wet and saltwater-wet conditions for a percentile rank of 50 % of the populat

24、ion for touch voltages U T= 25 V to 700 V, a.c. 50/60 Hz.63 Figure 5 Dependence of the total impedance Z Tof one living person on the surface area of contact in dry condition and at touch voltage (50 Hz) 65 Figure 6 Dependence of the total body impedance Z Ton the touch voltage U Tfor a current path

25、 from the tips of the right to the left forefinger compared with large surface areas of contact from the right to the left hand in dry conditions measured on one living person, touch voltage range U T= 25 V to 200 V, a.c. 50 Hz, duration of current flow max. 25 ms.67 Figure 7 Dependence of the total

26、 body impedance Z Tfor the 50 thpercentile rank of a population of living human beings for large, medium and small surface areas of contact (order of magnitude 10 000 mm 2 , 1 000 mm 2and 100 mm 2respectively) in dry conditions at touch voltages U T= 25 V to 200 V a.c. 50/60 Hz69 Figure 8 Dependence

27、 of the total body impedance Z Tfor the 50 thpercentile rank of a population of living human beings for large, medium and small surface areas of contact (order of magnitude 10 000 mm 21 000 mm 2and 100 mm 2respectively) in water-wet conditions at touch voltages U T= 25 V to 200 V, a.c. 50/60 Hz.71 F

28、igure 9 Dependence of the total body impedance Z Tfor the 50 thpercentile rank of a population of living human beings for large, medium and small surface areas of contact (order of magnitude 10 000 mm 2 , 1 000 mm 2 and 100 mm 2respectively) in saltwater-wet conditions at touch voltages U T= 25 V to

29、 200 V, a.c. 50/60 Hz .73 Figure 10 Values for the total body impedance Z Tmeasured on 10 living human beings with a current path hand to hand and large surface areas of contact in dry conditions at a touch voltage of 10 V and frequencies from 25 Hz to 20 kHz75 Figure 11 Values for the total body im

30、pedance Z Tmeasured on one living human being with a current path hand to hand and large surface areas of contact in dry conditions at a touch voltage of 25 V and frequencies from 25 Hz to 2 kHz.75 Figure 12 Frequency dependence of the total body impedance Z Tof a population for a percentile rank of

31、 50 % for touch voltages from 10 V to 1 000 V and a frequency range from 50 Hz to 2 kHz for a current path hand to hand or hand to foot, large surface areas of contact in dry conditions .77 Figure 13 Statistical value of total body impedances Z Tand body resistances R Tfor a percentile rank of 50 %

32、of a population of living human beings for the current path hand to hand, large surface areas of contact, dry conditions, for touch voltages up to 700 V, for a.c. 50/60 Hz and d.c79 Figure 14 Dependence of the alteration of human skin condition on current density i T and duration of current flow (fo

33、r detailed description of zones, see 5.7) 81 Figure 15 Electrodes used for the measurement of the dependence of the impedance of the human body Z Ton the surface area of contact 83 SANS 60479-1:2006This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SAB

34、S.TS 60479-1 IEC:2005 7 Figure 16 Oscillograms of touch voltages U Tand touch currents I Tfor a.c., current path hand to hand, large surface areas of contact in dry conditions taken from measurements 85 Figure 17 Occurrence of the vulnerable period of ventricles during the cardiac cycle .87 Figure 1

35、8 Triggering of ventricular fibrillation in the vulnerable period Effects on electro-cardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure 87 Figure 19 Fibrillation data for dogs, pigs and sheep from experiments and for persons calculated from statistics of electrical accidents with transversal direction of current f

36、low hand to hand and touch voltages U T= 220 V and 380 V a.c. with body impedances Z T(5 %) 89 Figure 20 Conventional time/current zones of effects of a.c. currents (15 Hz to 100 Hz) on persons for a current path corresponding to left hand to feet (for explanation see Table 11).91 Figure 21 Oscillog

37、ram of touch voltages U Tand touch current I Tfor d.c., current path hand to hand, large surface areas of contact in dry conditions 91 Figure 22 Conventional time/current zones of effects of d.c. currents on persons for a longitudinal upward current path (for explanation see Table 13).93 Figure 23 L

38、et-go currents for 60 Hz sinusoidal current .93 Table 1 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand a.c. 50/60 Hz, for large surface areas of contact in dry conditions 31 Table 2 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand a.c. 50/60 Hz, for large surface areas of contact i

39、n water-wet conditions 33 Table 3 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand a.c. 50/60 Hz, for large surface areas of contact in saltwater-wet conditions.35 Table 4 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand for medium surface areas of contact in dry conditions at touch

40、voltages U T= 25 V to 200 V a.c. 50/60 Hz (values rounded to 25 ) .37 Table 5 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand for medium surface areas of contact in water-wet conditions at touch voltages U T= 2 5 V t o 2 0 0 V a.c. 50/60 Hz (values rounded to 25 ).39 Table 6 Total body impe

41、dances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand for medium surface areas of contact in saltwater-wet conditions at touch voltages U T= 25 V to 200 V a.c. 50/60 H z (values rounded to 5 ).39 Table 7 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand for small surface areas of contact in dry condition

42、s at touch voltages U T= 25 V to 200 V a.c. 50/60 Hz (values rounded to 25 ) 39 Table 8 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand for small surface areas of contact in water-wet conditions at touch voltages U T= 25 V to 200 V a.c. 50/60 Hz (values rounded to 25 ) .41 SANS 60479-1:2006

43、This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.TS 60479-1 IEC:2005 9 Table 9 Total body impedances Z Tfor a current path hand to hand for small surface areas of contact in saltwater-wet conditions at touch voltages U T= 25 V to 200 V a.c. 50/6

44、0 Hz (values rounded to 5 ) .41 Table 10 Total body resistances R Tfor a current path hand to hand, d.c., for large surface areas of contact in dry conditions .43 Table 11 Time/current zones for a.c. 15 Hz to 100 Hz for hand to feet pathway : Summary of zones of Figure 20 51 Table 12 Heart-current f

45、actor F for different current paths53 Table 13 Time/current zones for d.c. for hand to feet pathway Summary of zones of Figure 22 57 Table A.1 Total body impedances Z T , electrodes type A for dry condition and deviation factors F D(5 % and 95 %) .97 Table A.2 Total body impedances Z T , electrodes

46、type B for dry, water-wet and saltwater-wet conditions and deviation factors F D(5 % and 95 %) 97 Table A.3 Total body impedances Z Tfor dry, water-wet and saltwater-wet conditions and deviation factors F D(5 % and 95 %).99 Table A.4 Deviation factors F D(5 %) and F D(95 %) for dry and water-wet con

47、ditions in the touch voltage range U T= 25 V up to 400 V for large, medium and small surface areas of contact101 Table D.1 50 thpercentile values for the total body impedance for a current path hands-feet medium surface area of contact for hands, large for feet, reduction factor 0,8, dry conditions,

48、 touch currents I Tand electrophysiological effects.111 SANS 60479-1:2006This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.TS 60479-1 IEC:2005 11 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ EFFECTS OF CURRENT ON HUMAN BEINGS AND LIVESTOCK Part 1:

49、 General aspects FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this en