SANS 16714-2009 Earth-moving machinery - Recyclability and recoverability - Terminology and calculation method《土方机械 可回收及可恢复性 术语及计算方法》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22591-9 SANS 16714:2009Edition 1ISO 16714:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Earth-moving machinery Recyclability and recoverabi

4、lity Terminology and calculation method This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 16714:2008, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001

5、Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 16714:2009 Edition 1 ISO 16714:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 1034, Agricultural, earth-moving, forestry and construction

6、 equipment and machinery, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in June 2009. Reference numberISO 16714:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO16714First edition2008-09-15Earth-moving mach

7、inery Recyclability and recoverability Terminology and calculation method Engins de terrassement Recyclabilit et rcuprabilit Terminologie et mthode de calcul SANS 16714:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16714:2008(E) PDF

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9、ties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative

10、 to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT

11、 PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or I

12、SOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 16714:2009This s tandard may only be used and prin

13、ted by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standa

14、rds is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also tak

15、e part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is

16、 to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibilit

17、y that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16714 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 3, Machine characteristics, electrical

18、and electronic systems, operation and maintenance. SANS 16714:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16714:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction End-of-life machines contribute to the total volume of waste to be

19、 treated. As part of the machine life cycle, it is essential that recovery issues be taken into consideration during the design phase to ensure environmentally sound treatment. Today, recycling has to be taken into account in addition to safety, emissions and fuel consumption when designing a machin

20、e. Consequently, there is need for an indicator to evaluate the ability and potential of new machines to be recovered/recycled. The method for calculating recyclability and recoverability rates specified by this International Standard (similar to the one specified in ISO 22628:2002 for road vehicles

21、) is based on four main stages inspired by the treatment of end-of-life machines. Recyclability/recoverability rates depend on the design and material properties of new machines and on the consideration of proven technologies those technologies which have been successfully tested, at least on a labo

22、ratory scale, in this context. The calculation method of this International Standard cannot in detail reflect the real process that will be applied to the machine at the end of its life. SANS 16714:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of th

23、e SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Earth-moving machinery Recyclability and recoverability Terminology and calculation method 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method, and defines related terms, for calculating the recyclability rate and the

24、recoverability rate of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, each expressed as a percentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the machine, which can potentially be recycled, reused or both (recyclability rate), or recovered, reused or both (recoverability rate). NOTE Remanufacturing is

25、included in re-use. The calculation can be performed by the machine manufacturer from the time when a machine is initially put on the market. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited

26、 applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Identification and terms

27、 and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6016 and the following apply. 3.1 dismantlability ability of component parts to be removed from the machine NOTE Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.5. 3.2 end-of-life machine mac

28、hine that has completed its useful life and is taken out of service for disposal SANS 16714:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16714:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3.3 recovery reprocessing in a production process

29、of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, together with processing as a means of generating energy ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.4 NOTE See Figure 1. 3.4 recoverability ability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be rec

30、overed ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.9 3.5 recoverability rate Rcovpercentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the new machine potentially able to be recovered, reused or both NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.10. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. 3.6 recycling reprocessing in a production pro

31、cess of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, excluding processing as a means of generating energy ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.3 NOTE See Figure 1. 3.7 recyclability ability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be rec

32、ycled ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.7 3.8 recyclability rate Rcycpercentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the new machine potentially able to be recycled, reused or both NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.8. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. 3.9 remanufacturing process by which value is adde

33、d to component parts of end-of-life machines in order to return them to their original same-as-new condition or better 3.10 reusability ability of component parts that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be reused ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.6 SANS 16714:2009This s tandard may only be use

34、d and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 33.11 re-use, noun any operation by which component parts of end-of-life machines are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived NOTE 1 Re-use includes remanufactur

35、ing (3.9). NOTE 2 See Figure 1. NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.2. 3.12 total shipping mass mSmass of the base machine without an operator, with the fuel level at 10 % of tank capacity or with the minimum fuel level needed for machine shipping purposes as specified by the manufactur

36、er, whichever is higher, with all fluid systems at the levels specified by the manufacturer and with empty sprinkler tank(s), if required, and with equipment, ballast, attachment, cab, canopy, operator-protective structures, wheels and counterweights as specified by the manufacturer and being design

37、ated for his production version NOTE 1 If the manufacturer intends that the machine be partially disassembled for shipping purposes, the masses of the disassembled items are also stated. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. Recovery Undefined residue (Component parts) (Materials) (Materials) Re-use Recycling Energy

38、 recovery Recyclability rate aRecoverability rate a(Materials) Total shipping mass aAs a percentage of machine mass. Figure 1 Key terms Overview 4 Mass variables used in the calculation Table 1 presents and describes the symbols for the mass variables used in calculating the recyclability and recove

39、rability rates. Table 1 Variable masses and their symbols Symbol Description mPmass of materials taken into account at the pretreatment step mDmass of materials taken into account at the dismantling step mMmass of metals taken into account at the metals separation step mTrmass of materials taken int

40、o account at the non-metallic residue treatment step and which can be considered as recyclable mTemass of materials taken into account at the non-metallic residue treatment step and which can be considered for energy recovery mStotal shipping mass All masses are expressed in kilograms. SANS 16714:20

41、09This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16714:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved5 Calculation method 5.1 General The calculation of the recyclability and recoverability rates is carried out through the following four steps o

42、n a new machine, for which component parts, materials or both can be taken into account at each step: a) pretreatment; b) dismantling; c) metals separation; d) non-metallic residue treatment. A partial mass, mP, mD or mM, is determined, respectively, at each of the first three steps (see 5.3.1 to 5.

43、3.3), while the partial masses mTrand mTeare determined at the final step (see 5.3.4). Annexes A and B give data presentation and a schematic representation of the method. 5.2 Materials breakdown The materials breakdown, including the machine component parts, materials or both, is established by the

44、ir classification into the following categories: a) metals; b) polymers, excluding elastomers; c) elastomers; d) glass; e) fluids; f) modified organic natural materials (MONM), such as leather, wood, cardboard and cotton fleece; g) others (components, materials or both, for which a detailed material

45、 breakdown cannot be established, e.g. compounds, electronics, electrics). The total mass of each category can then be determined (see Annex A). This breakdown may be done at each step of the calculation for each partial mass mentioned in 5.1. 5.3 Determination of mP, mD, mM, mTrand mTe 5.3.1 Pretre

46、atment Determination of mPAt this step, at least the following machine component parts, materials or both shall be taken into account: all fluids; batteries; oil filters; tyres; SANS 16714:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .I

47、SO 16714:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 5 tyre wheels; roller drum; rubber track; rubber shoe pads; bucket; catalytic converters; urea tank. NOTE Fluids include fuel, engine oil, machine hydraulic system oil, transmission/gearbox oil (including differential or transfer box or both), power stee

48、ring oil, coolant, brake fluid, shock absorber fluid, air conditioning refrigerant, windscreen washer fluid, engine mounting oil and hydraulic suspension fluid. For the purposes of the calculation, these component parts and materials are considered reusable or recyclable. Determine the mass, mP, as

49、the sum of the masses of these component parts and materials. 5.3.2 Dismantling Determination of mDAt this step, certain other of the machines reusable or recyclable component parts may be taken into account, based on the following. As a general requirement, a component part shall be considered reusable, recyclable or both based on its dismantlability, assessed by accessibility, fastening technology, and proven dismantling technologies. NOTE Certain component parts can b