SAE J 2093-1995 Design Considerations for Wheelchair Lifts for Entry to or Exit from a Personally Licensed Vehicle.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.s

3、ae.orgCopyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ2093REAF.NOV1999Issued 1995-05Reaffirmed 1999-11Superseding J20

4、93 MAY1995Design Considerations for Wheelchair Lifts for Entryto or Exit from a Personally Licensed Vehicle1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice applies to electrically powered hydraulic or mechanically operatedplatform devices which permit a person seated in a manual or powered wheelchair to enter

5、or exit a personallylicensed vehicle.The minimum performance and durability requirements are specified for satisfactory installation of wheelchairlifting devices in a personally licensed vehicle to be used by a person seated in a wheelchair to be lifted fromthe ground plane to the vehicle floor leve

6、l in a reliable and safe manner.1.1 SAE J2092 is the test procedure to verify compliance with this document.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThese Standards, Specifications, or Recommended Practices promulgated by thefollowing agencies and specified herein are applicable to the design, manufa

7、cture, and/or use of wheelchairlifts. Use the current issue of each document.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J258Circuit BreakerInternal MountedAutomotive ResetSAE J514Hydraulic Tube FittingsSAE J516Hydraulic Hose FittingSAE J517Hydraul

8、ic HoseSAE J518Hydraulic Flanged Tube, Pipe, and Hose Connections, Four-Bolt Split Flange TypeSAE J537Storage BatteriesSAE J553Circuit BreakersSAE J561Electrical TerminalsEyelet and Spade TypeSAE J858Electrical TerminalsBlade TypeSAE J928Electrical TerminalsPin and Receptacle TypeSAE J1292Automobile

9、, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach WiringSAE J2092Testing of Wheelchair Lifts for Entry to or Exit from a Personally Licensed VehicleSAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-2-2.1.2 ANSI PUBLICATIONSAvailable from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York,NY 10036-8002.A

10、NSI A17.1Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving WalksANSIA117.1Specifications of Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by MakingBuildings and Facilities Accessible to, the Physically HandicappedANSI A120.0Safety Requirements for Powered Platforms for Exterior Building Mai

11、ntenanceANSI B1.5Acme Screw ThreadsANSI B1.8Stub Acme ThreadsANSI B15.1Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission ApparatusANSI B29.1Transmission, Roller Chains and Sprocket Teeth (for Standard Base Series Chain)ANSI B30.2Overhead and Gantry CranesANSI B30.9Safety Standards for Cranes, Derric

12、ks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsANSI B153.1Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use of Automotive Lifts2.1.3 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM D 1005-51 (R1972)Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Organic CoatingsAST

13、M D 2200-67Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting Steel Surfaces2.1.4 AWS PUBLICATIONSAvailable from American Welding Society, 2501 N.W. 7th Street, Miami, FL 33125.AWS D1.1-72Structural Welding CodeAWSD10.7-60Recommended Practices for Gas Shielded Arc Welding of Aluminum and AluminumA

14、lloy Pipe2.1.5 FMVSS PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402-9371.Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 302, Flammability of Interior Materials2.1.6 MILITARY SPECIFICATIONSAvailable from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk,

15、Building 4D, 700 RobbinsAvenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.Military Standards, 1427 C Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems Equipment2.1.7 OTHER PUBLICATIONSHuman Factors Design HandbookWesley E. Woodson, McGraw Hill Book Company 1981McElroy, Frank E. (ed): Accident Prevention Manu

16、al for Industrial Operations. 6th Edition, National SafetyCouncil, Chicago, IL, 1969, pp. 641657Rossnagel, W.E.: Handbook of Rigging, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1964,pp. 4183Wire rope manufacturers recommendationsSAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-3-3. Definitions3.1 Access PathT

17、he minimum open area between horizontal and vertical structures of the lift through which aclient must pass while entering or exiting a vehicle.3.2 FastenersDevices used to secure, by mechanical means, other devices or parts in place. These include butare not limited to, bolts, nuts, screws, washers

18、, pins, rivets, and clamps.3.3 Ground PlaneThe surface (normally horizontal) on which the vehicle is resting.3.4 Lift Electrical ComponentsAll electrical hardware used on a wheelchair lift. These include but are notlimited to, batteries, circuit breakers, motors, switches, wiring, and terminals.3.5

19、Lift ControlsDevices by which an operator controls the lift operation including switches, handles, etc.3.6 Lift PlatformThat portion of a wheelchair lift device on which the wheelchair rests while being raised orlowered.3.7 Pinch PointA term for a hazardous location which exists when two closely spa

20、ced mechanical componentsmove in opposite directions, or at a point of contact between belt and pulley, chain and sprocket, or similarmoving parts of machinery.3.8 Proof LoadStatic test load to insure mechanical integrity at critical points.3.9 Rated LoadLoad under which a device will operate contin

21、uously.3.10 Outer Roll StopA term for a device on a wheelchair lift that prevents a wheelchair from rolling off the liftplatform.3.11 ShallThe term “Shall,“ where used, is to be construed as mandatory.3.12 Shear PointA term for a hazardous location where a moving (e.g., reciprocating or sliding) par

22、t approachesor crosses another part.3.13 ShouldThe term “Should,“ where used, shall be construed as advisory.3.14 Vehicle FloorThe surface of the vehicle on which the wheelchair rests immediately after entering.3.15 WeatherproofThe term applied to equipment so constructed or protected that exposure

23、to weather will notinterfere with successful operation.3.16 Wheelchair Ground PlaneThe plane that defines the surface upon which the wheelchair rests.3.17 Wire Rope ComponentsA term encompassing but not limited to, wire, rope, sheaves (pulleys) clips,thimbles, end fittings, and winch hardware.4. Des

24、ign Requirements4.1 A wheelchair lift shall be constructed to withstand the following:4.1.1 ACCELERATED LIFE CYCLE TESTAn accelerated life shall be performed by repeating the wheelchair lift cycle4400 times carrying a rated load of 600 lb.SAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-4-4.1.2 STATIC PROOF LOADA stati

25、c proof test at 1.5 times rated load (900 lb) at point 6 in off the ground plane withno permanent deformation.4.1.3 STATIC ULTIMATE LOADA static ultimate load test at four times the rated load (2400 lb) at van floor level withno fractures.4.2 The manufacturer shall perform a design failure mode anal

26、ysis and verify that no unreasonable risk of injuryexists in the event of a single point failure. Upon submission of a lift for testing to SAE J2092, the manufacturershall provide the results of the failure mode analysis in writing. These results shall contain a listing of allidentified single point

27、 failures.4.3 Battery-powered wheelchair lifts shall operate an electrical current of less than 150 A while lifting the rated loadof 600 lb at an ambient temperature between 10 C (50 F) and 32 C (90 F).4.4 Installation of a wheelchair lift shall not require motor vehicle alterations that diminish th

28、e structural integrity ofthe vehicle.4.5 The total weight of the lift and installation hardware shall not exceed 400 lb.4.6 Hand holds, if used, should be of round cross-section and approximately 1 in outside diameter.4.7 The lift shall clear the lateral edges of the effective door opening of the ve

29、hicles for which it is designed by aminimum of 1/4 in per side.4.8 Level of Lift PlatformWith the lift installed on a rigid structure and the platform horizontal, and with the ratedload of 1780 N (600 lb) applied, the platform shall not slope more than 1.9 cm (0.75 in) rise in 30.48 cm (12 in)of run

30、 (3.6 degrees).4.9 The lift shall not apply any load to the wheelchair that is contrary to the normal load characteristics of thestructural design of the wheelchair.4.10 Lift designs that employ a power-down feature, which can produce a downward force in excess of the weight ofthe platform component

31、s, shall provide a power cut-off at contact with the ground or obstruction.4.11 The lift platform shall provide side barriers, the height of which shall be a minimum of 1-1/2 in above thewheelchair rolling surface.4.12 A salt spray test shall be performed for externally mounted lifts.5. Materials an

32、d Components5.1 Electrical Components and Wiring5.1.1 Electrical components and wiring shall conform to the Society of Automotive Engineers Standards orRecommended Practices as applicable. Those listed as follows are applicable to all lifts.SAE J258, SAE J553cCircuit BreakersSAE J537hStorage Batteri

33、esSAE J1292Automobile WiringSAE J561b, SAE J858a, SAE J928aElectrical Terminals5.1.2 All electrical systems shall be designed and packaged to protect the driver or passengers against injuryresulting from short circuits, electrical fires, and similar incidents.SAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-5-5.1.3 Ele

34、ctrical components which are exposed to the environment outside the vehicle shall be weatherproofed.5.1.4 Externally mounted wheelchair lift controls shall be installed so that they are weatherproofed by the use ofinset compartments or protective coverings. Controls shall be protected from misuse or

35、 vandalism by theuse of key locks, key switches, or other security systems.5.1.5 An automatic or self-resetting circuit breaker or other equivalent device shall be designed into the powercircuit close to the vehicle battery. A solenoid or other similar device should be incorporated, per themanufactu

36、rers instructions, into the power circuit to ensure that no voltage is applied to the main power unituntil a lift operating control has been actuated.5.2 Chain Drive ComponentsChain drive components shall conform to either: ANSI B29.1 - 1963 (R1972), orother ANSI standards applicable to specialized

37、use chains.5.3 Hydraulic ComponentsHydraulic components shall conform to the following Society of AutomotiveEngineers Standards or Recommended Practices as applicable.SAE J514Hydraulic Tube FittingsSAE J516Hydraulic Hose FittingsSAE J517Hydraulic HoseSAE J518Hydraulic Flanged Tube, Pipe and Hose Con

38、nections, 4-Bolt Split Flange Type5.3.1 Hydraulic hoses shall be protected from bearing or rubbing on structural components.5.4 Wire Rope ComponentsIndustry Standards and specifications related to wire rope components aregenerally for larger, higher capacity systems other than wheelchair lifts. Howe

39、ver, the design principles of wirerope systems in general are applicable to wheelchair lifts; therefore, the principles given in the followingdocuments should be employed in lift design and should be certified in writing by the manufacturer uponsubmission of the lift for testing.5.4.1 ANSI A120.1-19

40、70Safety Requirements for Powered Platforms for Exterior Building Maintenance, Section14.8, “Drums and Sheaves,” and Section 15, “Hoisting Ropes and Rope Connections.”5.4.2 ANSI B30.2.0-1967Overhead and Gantry Cranes, Section 2-1.10, “Hoisting Equipment.”5.4.3 McElroy, Frank E. (ed): Accident Preven

41、tion Manual for Industrial Operations. 6th Edition, National SafetyCouncil, Chicago, IL, 1969, pp. 641-657.5.4.4 Rossnagel, W.E.: Handbook of Rigging, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1964, pp.4183.5.4.5 Wire rope manufacturers recommendations.5.5 Power Screw ComponentsThe power

42、screw system even when disconnected from the driving sourceshould not allow the platform loaded with 600 lb to descend at a rate greater than 12 in/s or the dropping of anoccupant.5.5.1 The lift designer should ensure that the power screw is checked for long-column conditions and that anappropriate

43、column design formula is used.5.5.2 Power screw components shall conform to ANSI B1.5 Acme Screw Threads, ANSI B1.8 Stub AcmeThreads, and ANSI B5.4.8 as applicable.SAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-6-5.6 FastenersAll fasteners used shall conform to the Society of Automotive Engineers Standards orRecommen

44、ded Practices as applicable.5.6.1 All nuts and bolts used to secure structural members during manufacture or installation shall be grade 5 orbetter.5.6.2 Self-locking fasteners are the preferred method of fastening where a Locking System is indicated. Nuts withflat washers and split lock washers are

45、 also acceptable.5.6.3 FASTENER TESTS AND INSPECTIONFasteners shall be considered as integral parts of the lift system andshall be tested for wear, integrity, and resistance to loosening or loss through vibration or use conditions.Such testing and inspection shall be done during the Accelerated Life

46、 Cycle Test.5.7 Coating and Finishing5.7.1 Corrosion of ferrous metal wheelchair lift components can be expected as a result of contact withatmospheric moisture, road deicing salt solutions, mud, and possibly other corrosive agents. All metallicmaterials shall be corrosion resistant or be protected

47、from such corrosion by the application of protectivecoatings.5.8 FlammabilityFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards No. 302 shall apply to nonmetallic components suchas protective coverings, housings, and padding.6. Operation6.1 Human Factors Standards and Specifications6.1.1 CONTROLS STANDARDContro

48、l selection and application shall be done in accordance with good humanfactors practice of location, direction of control movement, force, range, and identification. (Reference:Military Standard 1472 C and Human Factors Design Handbook.)6.1.2 In general, all toggle-type control switches should opera

49、te in the direction in which motion is intended unlessrationale is provided to justify the change.6.2 AccelerationWith either manual or automatic operation, accelerations shall not exceed 0.3 g during anyoperational motion of the lift in which a weight of 1780 N (600 lb) is being raised, lowered, or movedhorizontally.6.3 Platform AccessA bridging device at floor level or lowered roll stop at ground level shall have a slope of notmore than 2.54 cm (1 in) rise to 15.24 cm (6 in) of run and provided that