SAE AS 6286 3-2016 Fluids.pdf

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1、 _ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSXEOLVKH GE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDODQGHQJL neering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising tKHUHIURPLVWKHVROHUHVSRQV

2、LELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, s

3、tored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-07

4、90 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AS6286/3 AEROSPACE STANDARD AS6286/3 Issued 2016-12 Superseding ARP5149 Fluids RATIONALE This document covers the standards fo

5、r training and qualifying staff, related to the different aspects of deicing/anti-icing fluids. In conjunction with the main document AS6286 and other related slash sheets it will provide training and qualification standards to set up a proper training and qualification program to deice and anti-ice

6、 aircraft on the ground information to support this training program is provided to make the material a better tool for the preparation and execution of the training and qualification. It is intended to provide a common basis for deicing/anti-icing training and qualification for de-icing providers a

7、nd airlines. This material was compiled using various international documents with support from SAE GRFXPHQWV DQGLQGLYLGXDOO FRQWULEXWHG HGLWRULDO FRPPHQWV ,WV SXUSRVHLV WRVHUYHDV D*OREDOLHGHLFLQJ7UDLQLQJ0DQXDO The document is intended to promote and develop safe practices, effective procedures and

8、improved technology related to training of aircraft ground operations in winter conditions to ensure the highest possible levels of safety for passengers, flight crew and ground personnel. It can be utilized to develop a set of commonly agreed training practices and procedures for the deicing/anti-i

9、cing of aircraft on the ground reflecting current industry best practice. It shall ensure continued compliance with all relevant standards and regulatory requirements, and shall ensure that it continues to reflect current industry best practice. FOREWORD This manual is divided in two parts: 1. Train

10、ing and qualification standards, including the scope of training and 2. Overview and background information about deicing/anti-icing procedures and related subjects. RESPONSIBILITIES This manual is intended to provide a common basis for deicing/anti-icing training and qualification for de-icing prov

11、iders and airlines. Each organization involved is responsible for complying with local regulations and requirements imposed by manufacturers of aircraft, equipment, and fluids, by regulatory and environmental authorities. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/3 Page 2 of 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Field

12、 of Application 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Documents 3 2.2 Definitions and Abbreviations 3 3. FLUID STORAGE AND HANDLING . 3 3.1 Fluid Storage . 3 3.2 Fluid Handling . 4 3.3 Fluid Transfer Systems . 4 3.4 Application Equipment . 4 3.5 Heating 4 3.6 Fluid Sampling from a Storage Tank 5 3.6.1 Eq

13、uipment Required 5 3.6.2 Using a Specialized Tank Sampling Device 5 3.6.3 Using a Tank Sampling Valve . 5 3.6.4 Sample Labeling 6 3.6.5 Care of Fluid Samples . 6 3.7 Fluid Testing 6 3.7.1 Quality Assurance Checks 6 3.7.2 Periodic Testing. 7 3.7.3 Concentration Checks . 7 3.8 Fluid Blending 7 4. HOLD

14、OVER TIME (HOT) . 8 4.1 Type I Properties . 8 4.2 Type II, III, and IV Properties . 8 4.3 Precipitation Chart Use . 8 5. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 9 5.1 Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids 9 5.1.1 WSET/HHET/Holdover Time 9 5.1.2 Aerodynamic Acceptance 10 5.1.3 Material Compatibility and Other Tests . 10 5.1.4 No

15、n-Thickened Fluids . 10 5.1.5 Thickened Fluids . 11 5.1.6 Fluid Handling and Storage . 11 5.1.7 Pumping and Heating 13 5.1.8 Storage Tanks . 13 5.1.9 Field/Periodical Quality Testing of Fluids 13 5.1.10 Interpreting Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluid and Hold-Over-Time Tables . 14 5.2 Type I (AMS1428/1 Only)

16、14 5.3 Type II/III/IV . 15 5.3.1 Type I/II/III/IV Frost Holdover Time Table . 16 5.4 Local Frost Prevention. 17 TABLE 1 15 TABLE 2 16 TABLE 3 17 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/3 Page 3 of 18 1. SCOPE 1.1 Field of Application This document shall be used in conjunction with: AS6286 Training and Qualificatio

17、n Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground AS6286/1 Processes including Methods AS6286/2 Equipment AS6286/4 Weather AS6286/5 Health, Safety and First Aid AS6286/6 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Diagrams, No-Spray-Zones 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents Refer to AS6286 main document

18、 Section 2 for all applicable and related publications. 2.2 Definitions and Abbreviations Refer to AS6285 Aircraft Ground Deicing/Anti-icing Processes. 3. FLUID STORAGE AND HANDLING 3.1 Fluid Storage - Tanks should be dedicated to storage of the deicing and/or anti-icing fluid to avoid contamination

19、 with other fluids. - Storage tanks shall be constructed of materials compatible with the deicing/anti-icing fluid, as specified by the fluid manufacturer. If heated fluid is stored, care should be taken with plastic tanks, to ensure that they are suitable at the highest and lowest temperatures to w

20、hich they will be exposed. NOTE: If any ultraviolet transparent vessel is used, cover with an opaque material or an opaque coating, preferably light in color (dark colors tend to generate higher temperatures inside the container when exposed to sunlight). - Tanks shall be conspicuously labeled to av

21、oid contamination and to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. - Tanks shall be examined annually for corrosion and/or contamination. If corrosion or contamination is evident, tanks shall be repaired or replaced. To minimize corrosion at the liquid/vapor interface and in the vapor space, a

22、 high liquid level in the tanks is recommended. NOTE: Although deicing/anti-icing fluids are generally non-corrosive, their vapor can be corrosive. - Storage temperature limits for the fluid shall comply with manufacturers requirements. - Storage tanks should be located away from heat and exposed fl

23、ames. - If a new tank is to be used, it should be appropriately cleaned and water washed before deicing/anti- icing fluid is introduced into it. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/3 Page 4 of 18 3.2 Fluid Handling - The performance characteristics of deicing/anti-icing fluids may be degraded by factors such a

24、s excessive mechanical shearing, chemical contamination, or overheating. Therefore, only compatible pumps, control valves, piping and application devices shall be used. - )OXLGKDQGOLQJVVWHPVVKRXOGEHWHVWHGSHULRGLFDOORUZKHQPRGLILHGWRFRQIL UPWKDWIOXLGPHHWVPDQXIDFWXUHUVXVHspecifications in accordance AS

25、6332. 3.3 Fluid Transfer Systems - 7KHGHVLJQRIIOXLGWUDQVIHUVVWHPVVKDOOEHLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHIOXLGPDQXIDFWXUHUVUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV - Fluid transfer systems shall be dedicated to the specific fluid being handled to prevent inadvertently mixing fluids of different types or manufacturers. Different hose or c

26、onnection types and sizes should be used to differentiate between WKHWZRIOXLGV but the top sample should be taken at least 15 cm (6 inches) below the surface of the fluid. Fluid on the surface should not be sampled, as natural evaporation of water into the tanks headspace from a very thin boundary l

27、ayer on the fluid surface could give false quality measurements. The middle sample should be at least 30 cm (1 foot) above the tank bottom and 1 foot (30 cm) below the surface. Close the hatch of the storage tank. - Pour the fluid sample into a sample bottle. Immediately seal the bottle to avoid eva

28、poration, contamination, or spillage. - Clean and dry the sampling device thoroughly. 3.6.3 Using a Tank Sampling Valve NOTE: This method can only be used to sample the fluid level at the valve, it cannot be used as a representative tank sample. - If more than one valve is available on the storage t

29、ank, select a valve that is small enough to provide a reasonable and controllable flow of fluid when opened fully, but is not so small that the fluid squirts out in a spray stream due to head pressure. - Place a container under the sampling valve. - Open the sampling valve fully as quickly as possib

30、le. NOTE: Opening the valve partially or trying to control the fluid flow by throttling the sampling valve may shear the fluid and invalidate subsequent tests. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/3 Page 6 of 18 - Allow at least 10 L (2.5 gallons) of fluid to flow into the container and purge the valve. Then in

31、sert the sample bottle into the flowing fluid to fill the bottle. Remove the bottle from the stream and shut off the valve. - Immediately seal the bottle to avoid evaporation, contamination, or spillage. Wipe bottle dry and label it. 3.6.4 Sample Labeling As a minimum, the following information shou

32、ld be written legibly and indelibly on each sample bottle immediately when filled: - Mixture dilution (e.g., 100/0, 75/25, 50/50). - Name of the person taking the sample, company/station name and address. - Date the sample was taken. - Identification/location of the tank the sample was taken from. -

33、 Volume of fluid in the tank at time of sampling. - Where the sample was taken from: the top, middle, or bottom of the tank or from the sampling valve. - Brand name of the fluid and product type. 3.6.5 Care of Fluid Samples To ensure accuracy and validity of tests, samples must be properly handled b

34、etween the time they are collected and the time they are tested. Particular attention should be paid to manufacturers recommendations. Fluids should: - Not be exposed to air. Keep bottles sealed. - Not be exposed to sunlight. - Not be exposed to temperature extremes, hot or cold. - Not be excessivel

35、y agitated or sheared. 3.7 Fluid Testing Fluid shall be checked routinely to assure that no degradation or contamination has taken place, e.g., at delivery and annually prior to the winter season. 3.7.1 Quality Assurance Checks - Delivery containers should be sealed to minimize the risk of tampering

36、, and delivered with a certificate of analysis. In order to make sure the fluid has not been altered in transit, fluid quality checks should be made before transferring into storage. This process should be performed by trained personnel. - Consult fluid manufacturers for recommendations on quality a

37、ssurance checks that should be made before transferring delivered fluid into storage. Below is an example of minimum checks that should be done. - Visual Check. Representative samples should be drawn from the delivery truck. The fluids appearance should be translucent, with a proper color and an abs

38、ence of any loose particles. If particles are found, some fluid should be flushed from the truck and another sample taken. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS6286/3 Page 7 of 18 - Refractive Index (freeze point) check. Consult fluid manufacturer for the proper refractive index (freeze point) readings and recommend

39、ations on suitable Refractometers for their fluid. CAUTION: Care should be taken when dual scale (EG and PG) refractometers are used to ensure that the proper scale reading is taken. NOTE: If fluid sampled from the delivery does not meet the testing criteria, the fluid should be rejected. Do not loa

40、d into storage facility. Immediately contact the manufacturer for disposition of the fluid. - Premixed fluid, as received from the manufacturer, should be checked by performing a visual check and refractive index (freeze point) check prior to initial service. 3.7.2 Periodic Testing - Fluid should be

41、 periodically checked to assure that properties have not been altered during storage or handling. Follow PDQXIDFWXUHUVUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV - Site-mixed fluid should have a refractive index (freeze point) check to ensure intended dilution. This check should be made prior to daily use, following system mai

42、ntenance or after a fluid concentration change. - Check viscosity and pH at least annually. Contact fluid manufacturer for information regarding these checks. 3.7.3 Concentration Checks - Fluids of fluid/water mixture samples shall be taken from the deicing/anti-icing equipment nozzles on a daily ba

43、sis when vehicles are in use. The sample shall be protected against precipitation. NOTE 1: Equipment without a mixing system - Samples may be taken from the truck tank instead of the nozzle. Insure the fluid is at a uniform mix. NOTE 2: Equipment with proportional mixing systems - Operational settin

44、g for the flow and pressure shall be used. Allow the selected fluid concentration to stabilize before taking sample. NOTE 3: Equipment with automated fluid mixture monitoring system - The interval for refractive index checks has to be determined by the handling company in accordance with the system

45、design. 3.8 Fluid Blending - Fluid blending systems are intended to provide increased storage capability and enable the use of deicing fluid at lower glycol concentrations. Depending on the blending system manufacturer, these systems may consist of the water supply, a refractometer, the glycol suppl

46、y and the valve controls to regulate the deicing fluid concentration. - Fluid blending system operation requires detailed understanding of the relationship between the Outside Air Temperature (OAT), the freeze point buffer, the Lowest Operational Use Temperature (LOUT), the correct use of the HOT ta

47、bles and the different types of fluid. - By the use of a refractometer, it shall be made sure that the concentration of the fluid provided by the fluid blending system meets the requirements set by the LOUT and the freeze point buffer. - Ensure that the water quality meets the requirements as published by the fluid blending system manufacturer. SAE INTERNAT