SAE ARP 5029A-2014 Measurement Procedures for Strobe Anticollision Lights《频闪灯防撞灯的测量程序》.pdf

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1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref

2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub

3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970

4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP5029AAEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP5029 REV. AIssued 1998-12 Reaffirmed 2007-07

5、 Revised 2014-01 Superseding ARP5029 Measurement Procedures for Strobe Anticollision Lights RATIONALERevised to confirm the provisions and requirements of the ARP as issued in 1998 and reaffirmed in 2007 and to add references to current photobiological guidelines and standards TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. S

6、COPE 31.1 Purpose . 31.2 Limitations . 31.3 Categories of Test . 31.4 Test Considerations 31.5 Safety 32. REFERENCES 42.1 Applicable Documents 42.1.1 SAE Publications . 42.1.2 U.S. Government Publications 42.1.3 FAA Publications . 42.1.4 CIE Publications 42.1.5 NIST Publications 52.1.6 Other Publica

7、tions . 52.2 Definitions . 52.2.1 LABORATORY STANDARD PHOTOMETER 52.2.2 INTEGRATED ILLUMINANCE 52.2.3 INTEGRATED LUMINOUS INTENSITY . 52.2.4 EFFECTIVE INTENSITY. 62.2.5 FIELD OF COVERAGE 62.3 Conversion Factors . 63. LABORATORY TESTS . 73.1 Scope 73.2 Minimum Required Equipment 73.3 Anticollision Li

8、ght Intensity and Field of Coverage Requirements . 83.4 Safety Considerations . 83.5 Test Preparation 83.6 Intensity Measurements 9SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5029A Page 2 of 38 4. MAINTENANCE SHOP TESTS 104.1 Scope 104.2 Minimum Required Equipment 104.3 Anticollision Light Intensity Requirements 104.4 Saf

9、ety Considerations . 104.5 Test Preparation 104.6 Intensity Measurements 115. FIELD TESTS . 115.1 Scope 115.2 Minimum Required Equipment 115.3 Anticollision Light Intensity Requirements 115.4 Safety Considerations . 115.5 Test Preparation 115.6 Intensity Measurement Procedure 126. NOTES 12APPENDIX A

10、 LABORATORY PHOTOMETER REQUIREMENTS . 13APPENDIX B GONIOMETER EQUIPMENT . 15APPENDIX C PHOTOMETRIC LABORATORY 17APPENDIX D LABORATORY POWER REQUIREMENTS . 19APPENDIX E CHROMATICITY AND TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF SHARP-CUT RED FILTER GLASSAT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES . 21APPENDIX F LIST OF VARIABLES 31AP

11、PENDIX G PROCEDURES FOR CALIBRATION OF PHOTOMETERS 32APPENDIX H ESTIMATED UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENTS . 34APPENDIX I MAINTENANCE SHOP AND FIELD TEST PHOTOMETER REQUIREMENTS 37SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5029A Page 3 of 38 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides the user with standar

12、dized guidelines for the measurement of effective intensity of strobe anticollision lights for aircraft in the laboratory, in maintenance facilities, and in the field. A common source of traceability for calibration of the measurement systems, compensation for known causes of variation in light outp

13、ut, and recommendations which minimize sources of errors and uncertainties are included in this document. Estimates of uncertainty and error sources for each class of measurement are discussed. 1.1 Purpose This document recommends the test methods and equipment necessary to perform photometric measu

14、rements used to determine the effective intensity of red and white strobe type anticollision lights for aircraft. 1.2 Limitations This document does not include the measurements of long duration flashes, such as those achieved with rotating beacons or flashed incandescent lamps. This procedure does

15、not apply to light sources where the flash duration is longer than 0.2 seconds. The measurement of long duration flashes and the iterative calculation process required to determine the effective intensity from the intensity-time curve is discussed in FAA Advisory Circular 20-74. Measurement of the e

16、ffective intensity of bursts of flashes or multiple closely spaced flashes is not included in this document. 1.3 Categories of Test The measurements are divided into three categories. The categories in descending order of accuracy and detail are: a. laboratory measurements b. maintenance facility me

17、asurements c. field measurements 1.4 Test Considerations Photometric calibration traceability for each type of measurement is recommended. The uncertainties of the measurement system, causes for variations in intensity of the lights, and sources of error for each type of measurement are reviewed in

18、Appendix H. Particular attention is given to the effect of temperature on the transmittance of red glass. In the laboratory test section, a procedure is outlined for compensating for this temperature dependent effect when making intensity measurements. 1.5 Safety Observe the following safety recomme

19、ndations when working with strobe based anticollision light systems. Particular attention should be paid to the appropriate requirements of the photobiological standards and guidelines listed in Section 2: CAUTION: EXPLOSION HAZARD ! Do not operate the strobe light without the fitted lens securely i

20、n place. Always wear eye protection when testing strobe lights. The flash tube is under pressure, and possible injury can occur if flash tube explodes. CAUTION: HIGH VOLTAGE ! Use care when handling cables, power supply and strobe lights during test, as high voltage is present. Allow adequate time f

21、or voltage to bleed off or manually discharge the system. CAUTION: HOT SURFACES ! Do not touch the strobe light during or immediately after operation, as surface temperatures near the lamp may be hot enough to cause injury. CAUTION: INTENSE LIGHT ! Do not look directly at strobe light during operati

22、on as eye injury could result. Use protective eyewear, or assure that the light is properly enclosed within the test compartment. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5029A Page 4 of 38 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The

23、 latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in thi

24、s document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.

25、org.SAE Aerospace Technical Report Style Manual Dated Jan.,1996 AS8017 Minimum Performance Standard for Anticollision Light Systems SAE J575 Test Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices for Use on Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in overall WidthSAE J1330 Photometry Laboratory Accuracy Guidelines 2.1.2

26、 U.S. Government Publications Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6396, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/.14 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, and Acrobatic Category Airplanes 14 Code

27、of Federal Regulations, Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes 14 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 27 Normal Category Rotorcraft 14 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 29 Transport Category Rotorcraft 2.1.3 FAA Publications Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 In

28、dependence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, Tel: 866-835-5322, www.faa.gov.FAA Advisory Circular 20-74 Aircraft Position and Anticollision Light Measurements 2.1.4 IEC Publications Available from IEC, 3, rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +44-22-919-02-11, www.iec.ch.IE

29、C62471:2006 Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems 2.1.5 CIE Publications Available from Commission Internationale de lEclairage, CIE Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Wien, Austria, Tel: +43-1-714-31-87-0, www.cie.co.at.CIE Publication 69 Methods of Characterizing Illuminance Meters a

30、nd Luminance Meters CIE S 009/E:2002 Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamps Systems SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5029A Page 5 of 38 2.1.6 NIST Publications Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, Tel: 301-975-6478, www.nist.

31、gov.NIST Special Publication 250-37 Photometric Calibrations 2.1.7 Other Publications Spectroradiometry, Kostkowski ISBN 0-9657713-O-X, Reliable Handbook of Applied Photometry, ed Casimer DeCusatis, ISBN 1-56396-416-3 Lighting Handbook. Eighth Edition, ed. Mark S. Rhea (Illuminating Engineering Soci

32、ety of North America, New York, 1993)Y. Ohno and Y. Zong, Establishment of the NIST Flashing-Light Photometric Unit, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 3140, Photometric Engineering of Sources and Systems, 2-11 (1997) 2.2 Definitions 2.2.1 LABORATORY STANDARD PHOTOMETER A photometer which maintains the prima

33、ry standard of flashing light measurements for the laboratory and provides traceability to the NIST standard. 2.2.2 INTEGRATED ILLUMINANCE Integrated illuminance, Ev, luxsecond (lxs), footcandlesecond (fcs), is the integral of the instantaneous illuminance, E(t), lx, fc, of a flashing light source o

34、ver the entire flash duration, (t2- t1), as given by: EvE(t)dtt1t2=(Eq. 1) 2.2.3 INTEGRATED LUMINOUS INTENSITY Integrated luminous intensity, Iv, candelasec, (cds) is the integral of instantaneous luminous intensity I(t), cd of a flashing light source over the entire flash duration, (t2- t1), as giv

35、en by: IvI(t)dtt1t2=(Eq. 2) To obtain Ivfrom Ev:IvEv D2=(Eq. 3) where:D = Distance from the source to the photometer SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5029A Page 6 of 38 D is expressed in meters when the integrated illuminance, Ev, is in lxs, and ft when Evis in fcs. Equation 3 is valid only when D is large enou

36、gh to enable the source to behave as a point source, where illuminance is inversely proportional to distance squared. For strobe measurements, D must never be less than 2.4 m. A minimum of 9 m is recommended for laboratory tests. 2.2.4 EFFECTIVE INTENSITY The concept of effective intensity cd of a f

37、lashing signal is intended to represent the luminous intensity cd of a steady light source with equivalent visual conspicuity. The Blondel-Rey equation defines effective intensity as: IcI(t)dtt1t20.2 t2t1()+-=(Eq. 4) where:(t2-t1) = Flash duration s The 0.2 in the denominator was derived experimenta

38、lly under certain experimental conditions. In this document, the equation for effective intensity is based on a simplified Blondel-Rey Equation. Since the pulse duration (t2-t1) for a xenon flash is very small compared with 0.2 seconds, it may be omitted from the denominator of the effective intensi

39、ty equation. This will insure more uniform results by removing the uncertainty introduced by variation in determining the pulse width. For xenon strobe measurements, the effective intensity is, therefore, expressed as: IeIv0.2- 5 I(t)dtt1t2=(Eq. 5) For the purposes of determining the performance of

40、the anticollision light, Ieis expressed in candelas (also referred to as effective candelas in other documents, or ecp in 14 Code of Federal Regulations). The photometer should be capable of measuring a single flash or averaging multiple flashes. Usually, the integral of several flashes is measured

41、and the average result calculated. Reference AS8017. This procedure recommends that the measurements be based on the average of a minimum of 8 flashes. 2.2.5 FIELD OF COVERAGE An aircrafts anticollision light system consists of one or more lights which produce an intensity pattern covering 360 degre

42、es horizontally around the aircraft and vertically over a specified range. The field of coverage of a strobe light refers to that portion of the entire anticollision light pattern which must be produced by that light. See Figure 1 for a pictorial representation of field of coverage. 2.3 Conversion F

43、actors 1 candela (cd) = 1 lumen/steradian 1 footcandle = 10.76 lux 1 footcandle = 1 lumen/foot21 lux = 1 lumen/meter2SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5029A Page 7 of 38 FIGURE 1 - ILLUSTRATION OF THE FIELD OF COVERAGE OF VARIOUS STROBE LIGHTS 0 DEGREE VERTICAL, 90 DEGREES HORIZONTAL PHOTOMETER LOCATION SHOWN 3.

44、 LABORATORY TESTS 3.1 Scope This section describes the required equipment, test procedure, safety precautions and other information necessary to perform white or red strobe anticollision light measurements in a photometric laboratory. 3.2 Minimum Required Equipment a. Calibrated photometer for measu

45、ring strobe light as described in Appendix A b. Goniometer for positioning strobe light as described in Appendix B c. Photometric tunnel in which light measurements are made described in Appendix C SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5029A Page 8 of 38 d. Regulated power supply to supply electrical power to strobe

46、 light system as described in Appendix D e. Temperature measurement device to read ambient temperature and temperature of strobe light lens f. Hand tools, voltmeter and other standard laboratory equipment 3.3 Anticollision Light Intensity and Field of Coverage Requirements Determine the intensity an

47、d field of coverage requirements for the strobe light being tested. The field of coverage of the light must be determined relative to some reference feature of the light assembly, such as its mounting surface. Note that in some cases, the aircraft surface to which the light assembly mounts changes a

48、ngular orientation during flight. This is often the case for wingtip strobes where the wing tip deflects upward during flight. It may be necessary to consider this mounting surface deflection when defining the field of coverage relative to the mounting surface of the light. 3.4 Safety Considerations

49、 Verify that all safety considerations have been met, as discussed in 1.5. The potential hazards of the strobe light system include: high temperatures, high voltage, pressurized components, and intense light. 3.5 Test Preparation 3.5.1 Apply power to the photometer system and allow it to stabilize for at least 30 minutes. Confirm that all lenses, filters and o