NFPA 921-2017 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations (Effective date 12 1 2016).pdf

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1、ORDER TODAY! Phone 1.800.344.3555 Onlinecatalog.nfpa.org 92117 921 NFPA Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations 2017 NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations | 2017ISBN: 978-145591602-3 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591603-0 (PDF) IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS NO

2、TICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standard

3、s Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, ev

4、aluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly

5、resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other servi

6、ces for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the

7、 exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any cer

8、tification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides

9、 (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Ame

10、ndment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the “Codes email: stds_adminnfpa.org For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All N

11、FPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS NFPA 921-17 Inside Code Cover.indd 1 2/13/17 4:31 PMISBN: 978-145591602-3 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591603-0 (PDF) IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDA

12、RDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National St

13、andards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently te

14、st, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indir

15、ectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other

16、 services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determini

17、ng the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. A

18、ny certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and

19、guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Inter

20、im Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the “Codes email: stds_adminnfpa.org For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org.

21、 All NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS NFPA 921-17 Inside Code Cover.indd 1 2/13/17 4:31 PM921-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protectio

22、n Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations 2017 Edition This edition of NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, was prepared by the Technical Committee on F

23、ire Investigations. It was issued by the Standards Council on November 11, 2016, with an effective date of December 1, 2016, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 921 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1, 2016. Origin and Development of NFPA 921 NFPA 921,

24、Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, was developed by the Technical Committee on Fire Investigations to assist in improving the re investigation process and the quality of information on res resulting from that process. The goal of the committee is to provide guidance to both public and priv

25、ate investigators based on accepted scientic principles and scientic research. The rst edition of the document, issued by NFPA in 1992, focused largely on the determination of the origin and cause of res and explosions involving structures. The 1995 edition of the document included revised chapters

26、on safety, explosions, and the collection and handling of physical evidence. NFPA 907M, Manual for the Determination of Electrical Fire Causes, was withdrawn as an individual document and integrated, with revisions, into NFPA 921. The 1998 edition of the document included a new chapter on fuel gas s

27、ystems in buildings and the impact of fuel gases on re and explosion investigations. Revisions were made to the chapters on electricity and re, re patterns, and physical evidence. The 1998 edition also included new text regarding ignitible liquid detection canine/handler teams. The 2001 edition of N

28、FPA 921 was reorganized for usability and included new chapters on building systems, re-related human behavior, failure analysis and analytical tools, re and explosion deaths and injuries, and wildre investigations. The 2004 edition included a revision of the document to comply with the new Manual o

29、f Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. A new chapter, “Analyzing the Incident for Cause and Responsibility,” was included, and chapters relating to legal considerations and recording the scene were revised. The 2008 edition included rewrites of Chapter 5, Basic Fire Science; Chapter 6, Fire

30、 Patterns; Chapter 17, Origin Determination; Chapter 25, Motor Vehicle Fires; and Chapter 27, Management of Complex Investigations. A new Chapter 28, Marine Fire Investigations, was added to the document. The 2011 edition saw changes to Chapter 4, Basic Methodology, and a new section on Report Revie

31、w Procedures. Chapter 12, Safety, was revised to include chemical and contamination exposure to the re investigator. Chapter 18, Fire Cause Determination, was revised to mirror Chapter 17, following the scientic method. This edition also saw the introduction of negative corpus and signicant rewrites

32、 of Chapter 21, Explosions; Chapter 23, Fire and Explosion Deaths and Injuries; and Chapter 26, Wildre Investigations. Chapter 25, Motor Vehicle Fires, was substantially expanded to further address recreational vehicles and agricultural equipment. The members of the NFPA Technical Committee on Fire

33、Investigations dedicated the 2011 edition of NFPA 921 to the memory of long-time staff liaison Frank Florence (19432010). Frank passed away on July 27, 2010, after a brief illness. Frank served with the Salt Lake City Fire Department for 31 years before retiring as Fire Chief. He then joined NFPA in

34、 the Public Fire Protection Division and served as the Staff Liaison for the 2001, 2004, and 2008 editions of NFPA 921. Frank was an invaluable resource to the committee and a strong supporter of the re investigation profession. The 2014 edition was the rst NFPA Standard to be published in color. Th

35、e color photographs greatly enhance the effectiveness of the document and are especially benecial in the chapter onFIRE AND EXPLOSION INVESTIGATIONS 921-2 2017 Edition Fire Patterns. In addition, the concept of negative corpus was further claried with additional information. A new chapter, Fire Prot

36、ection Systems, was added based on the 16 knowledge topics found in NFPA 1033, Standard for Professional Qualications for Fire Investigator. The chapter Analyzing the Incident for Cause and Responsibility was divided into two chapters, and the committee added information and photographs that further

37、 illustrate concepts of electrical arcing. The 2017 edition of NFPA 921 includes many updates to accurately reect current practices, technologies, research, and concepts. Chapter 8, Fire Protection Systems, was renamed Active Fire Protection Systems since passive systems are addressed in Chapter 7,

38、Building Systems. The changes to Chapter 16, Documentation of the Investigation, brings the document up to date with current technology in the area of digital photography and 3D scanning. The concept of the origin matrix was included in Chapter 18, Origin. That concept addresses the impact of ventil

39、ation on origin determination. One of the most important changes can be found in the scope of NFPA 921. Chapter 1 was revised to address the misapplication of reports from the National Fire Incident Report System (NFIRS) as Fire Investigation Reports.COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 921-3 2017 Edition Technical

40、Committee on Fire Investigations Charles R. Watson, Chair S-E-A, Ltd., GA SE Christopher B. Wood, Secretary FireLink, LLC, MA SE Vytenis Babrauskas, Fire Science and Technology Inc., CA SE Quentin A. Baker, Baker Engineering & Risk Consultants, Inc., TX SE Michael Beasley, London Fire Brigade, Unite

41、d Kingdom U Steve Campolo, Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc., NY U Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Joseph Carey, Robinson & Cole LLP, CT C Chris M. Connealy, Texas Department of Insurance, TX E Andrew T. Cox, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives, NH E Philip E.

42、 Crombie, Jr., Travelers Insurance Company, CT I Michael DiMascio, Arup, MA SE Richard A. Dyer, Dyer Fire Consulting, MO E Rep. International Association of Fire Chiefs John E. Fairclough, State of New York, NY E James M. Finneran, ElectroTek Consultants, Inc., IN SE Gregory E. Gorbett, Eastern Kent

43、ucky University, KY U Daniel T. Gottuk, JENSEN HUGHES, MD SE Terry-Dawn Hewitt, McKenna Hewitt, CO C Ronald L. Hopkins, TRACE Fire Protection & Safety Consultant, Ltd., KY U Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section Thomas W. Horton, Jr., South Carolina Farm Bureau Insurance Company, SC I David J. Icove, The U

44、niversity of Tennessee, TN U Robin Jason, General Motors, MI M Rep. Society of Automotive Engineers Patrick M. Kennedy, John A. Kennedy & Associates, FL U Rep. National Association of Fire Investigators John J. Lentini, Scientic Fire Analysis, LLC, FL SE Rep. ASTM E30-Forensic Sciences Jeffrey D. Lo

45、ng, Salt Lake City Fire Department, NM U Hal C. Lyson, Fire Cause Analysis, ND C Daniel Madrzykowski, UL Fireghter Safety Research Institute, MD RT Edward S. Paulk, State of Alabama, AL E Rep. National Association of State Fire Marshals Richard J. Roby, Combustion Science & Engineering, Inc., MD SE

46、Mark E. Sauls, Florida Division of State Fire Marshal, FL E Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Joseph J. Sesniak, Forensic Fire Consultants, Ltd., AZ U Rep. International Association of Arson Investigators, Inc. Stuart A. Sklar, Fabian, Sklar and King, P.C., MI C David M. Smith, Associated

47、 Fire Consultants, AZ M Rep. International Fire Service Training Association Alternates Robert D. Banta, Banta Technical Services LLC, MI M (Alt. to Robin Jason) Randall E. Bills, SEA, Ltd., OH SE (Alt. to Charles R. Watson) Douglas Carpenter, Combustion Science & Engineering, Inc., MD SE (Alt. to R

48、ichard J. Roby) Wayne Chapdelaine, Metro-Rural Fire Forensics, Canada M (Alt. to David M. Smith) Ryan M. Cox, JENSEN HUGHES, IN SE (Alt. to Daniel T. Gottuk) Michael W. Dalton, University of Tennessee, TN U (Alt. to David J. Icove) David S. Evinger, Grotefeld Hoffmann, MN C (Alt. to Hal C. Lyson) Ch

49、ristel K. Hunter, General Cable Corporation, NV U (Alt. to Steve Campolo) John H. Kane, Robinson & Cole LLP, CT C (Alt. to Joseph Carey) Stephen Kerber, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., MD RT (Alt. to Daniel Madrzykowski) Patrick A. King, Fabian, Sklar and King, P.C., MI C (Alt. to Stuart A. Sklar) Michael E. Knowlton, State of New York, NY E (Alt. to John E. Fairclough) Michael R. Marquardt, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives, MI E (Alt. to An