2019中考英语一轮复习完形填空之语法判定练习课件人教新目标版.pptx

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1、完形填空之语法判定,课堂导入,12个英语俚语代表形形色色的人,你是哪类呢?1. a wise guy 骄傲自大的人这里的wise并不表示“聪明”，相反它含有讽刺的意味。Alice s all right, I guess, but sometimes he s such a wise guy.据我看，亚历克这个人还不赖，不过有时候太狂妄自大了。有时候本词组还用于朋友之间的调侃。Who s the wise guy that took my lunch box?是哪位机灵的大爷拿走了我的饭盒?,2. a shrinking violet 畏首畏尾的人原意为“正在发蔫的紫罗兰”。紫罗兰在背阴的地方

2、悄悄地开花，所以violet是谦虚的象征，代表“腼腆的人”，但加上shrinking意思就有了变化。George has a very good mind. He would rise fast in the world if he weren t such a shrinking violet.乔治很聪明。如果他不是一个畏首畏尾的人，在社会上早就出人头地了。,3. a backseat driver 不在权限范围内而指手划脚的人在美国开车出门是许多人生活的一部分。开车的技术当然每个人都不一样，一般来说，开车的人都不太愿意被别人指指点点。所以我们把那些老是喜欢在后面给开车的人提出不必要的指导和

3、建议的人叫做backseat driver.One place where you find lots of backseat drivers is in politics.要说指手画脚的人，在政界你可以找到好多。,4. a wet blanket 令人扫兴的人这一表达的来源是：当发生火灾的时候，为了扑火，把湿毛毯盖到火上。后用来指在社交场合泼冷水、令人扫兴的人。I m sorry to be such a wet blanket, but I m afraid I have to go home now.我让大家扫兴，实在太对不起了。不过，我现在必须回家啦。,5. a late bloome

4、r 大器晚成的人原意是“迟开的花”，与人大器晚成相似。Paul was such a slow worker at first that we almost fired him, but he proved to be a late bloomer.保罗初来时工作非常迟钝，我们几乎要开除他，但最终证实他是一个有潜力的人。,6. an apple polisher 拍马屁者过去美国学生为了讨好老师，把擦得光光亮亮的苹果递给老师，本词组源于此。You should take much care of him, and he s a real apple polisher.你可得多留心那小子，他可是

5、个货真价实的马屁精。,7. an ugly customer 粗暴的人Ugly 是ugly behavior(行为丑恶)的意思，指使用暴力，威胁他人。Customer原意为“顾客”，转用于表示“一沾上边就会有麻烦的人”。When he starts drinking, he can become an ugly customer.他一喝上酒就会大吵大闹，令人真是没办法。,8. a visiting fireman 远方的客人原指从地方前来的团体客人。他们从地方前来参加大会，感到一身轻松，吃喝玩乐，挥金如土。现多指重要的商业伙伴或高级官员或公司老板，是需要殷勤招待的客人。I m behind i

6、n my work because our office had three groups of visiting firemen this week.本周我们公司有三批远方来客，因此我耽搁了工作。,9. an Indian giver 送东西给人而日后往回要的人这一表达法的起源是：在过去，某些印第安部落有送礼必须还礼的习俗。因此，有不少印第安人为了得到新奇的礼物而向白人送礼。后来就把一般给人送礼而指望别人还礼的人都称为“印第安送礼者”。Toby may have given you these books, but don t start celebrating yet. He s famo

7、us for being an Indian giver.托比可能送给你这几本书了，但是不要高兴的太早。他送东西又往回要，是出了名的。,10. a name-dropper 以仿佛很熟悉的口吻谈到著名人物的人Drop是“若无其事地说”。本词语指由于虚荣心作怪，到处胡乱提及著名人士的名字以提高自己身价的人。Most social climbers are name-droppers.绝大部分削尖脑袋往上流社会钻营的人，大多喜欢提及著名人士的名字。,11. an eager beaver 工作卖力的人Beaver 海狸是一种哺乳动物，前肢比后肢短，趾有爪，擅长挖掘，忙于筑坝。所以用eager be

8、aver来喻指“干劲十足的人，积极、努力又热心的人”。He seems never to know what tiredness is, and he s really an eager beaver.他似乎从不知什么叫累，真是个用功的人。,12. mall rat 喜欢逛购物中心的年轻人Mall 是购物中心，有的规模小，有的规模大。一到周末各地的购物中心都有买东西的人，有的人不见得买什么，只是在里面像老鼠一样钻来钻去。I used to be a typical mall rat hanging around watching the crowds, especially the girls

9、. But now I join the football club, and I have no time.我过去是个典型的逛购物中心迷，在那里看人，特别是女孩子。但是现在我加入了足球俱乐部，就没有时间了。,知识梳理,完形填空特点完型填空的考查比较淡化语法，但一个语义连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、时间或地点关联等语法关系来实现。因此，命题人常利用这些关联“制造语境”，设置考点。考生解题时可利用这些语法关系对句子进行分析、判断并推理出最佳选项。,如：Fashions 5 as time goes. “时髦随着时间的推移发生变化”，属于客观事实和普遍真理，因此，要用一般现在时。,那我们如何根据语

10、法来判定正确答案呢？,由于从语法方面，根据所给答案的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。 名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。来判断要用哪一个名词的什么形式或者是否涉及固定搭配等来考虑。,【例1】（58） do not go to school in those two monthsSome people like（59） _at home，read books，or watch TV58. A. Child B. Childs C. Children D. Childrens,【例1】（58） do not go to school in those two

11、monthsSome people like（59） _at home，read books，or watch TV58. A. Child B. Childs C. Children D. Childrens【解析】C 考查名词。A. Child 孩子；B. Childs 此项错误；C. Children 孩子们，是child的复 数；D. Childrens 此项错误，结合句意：那两个月里孩子们不上学child是可数名词，应该用复数表示一类人，故选C。,2. 动词的选用，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。 【例1】Some p

12、eople like（59） D at home，read books，or watch TV59. A. stay B. stayed C. stays D.to stay,2. 动词的选用，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。 【例1】Some people like（59） D at home，read books，or watch TV59. A. stay B. stayed C. stays D.to stay 【解析】D 考查动词like用法。A. stay停留，动词原形；B. stayed停留，动词过去式 ；C. s

13、tays停留，动词第三人称单数；D. to stay 停留，动词不定式，空格前是like，喜欢做某事，like doing sth或like to do sth结合句意：一些人喜欢待在家里，故选D。,【例2】Not everyone（65） C to go to busy citiesSome families travel to mountains or beautiful valleys（山谷）65. A. like B. liking C. likes D. liked,【例2】Not everyone（65） C to go to busy citiesSome families tr

14、avel to mountains or beautiful valleys（山谷）65. A. like B. liking C. likes D. liked【解析】考查动词时态。A. like 喜欢，动词原形；B. liking现在分词；C.likes 第三人称单数；D. liked是过去式。根据下一句：Some families travel to mountains or beautiful valleys有些家庭到山区或美丽的山谷旅行，此处应该是：不是每个人都喜欢去热闹的城市，故选C。,3. 选择介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。Many families

15、travel（62） A car or train to see（63） places in their own countries 62. A. by B. on C. ride D. Take,3. 选择介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。Many families travel（62） A car or train to see（63） places in their own countries 62. A. by B. on C. ride D. Take【解析】A 考查介词A. by 通过方法；B. on在上面；C. ride 骑；D. take带走，根据后半句

16、：to see interesting places in their own countries去看自己国家有趣的地方，此处应该是：许多家庭乘汽车或火车。by car乘坐汽车，故选A。,【例2】Now more and more people get to know the importance of doing sportsIt can bring fun （56） B us and it can also make us（57） 56. A. for B. to C. with D. On,【例2】Now more and more people get to know the impo

17、rtance of doing sportsIt can bring fun （56） B us and it can also make us（57） 56. A. for B. to C. with D. On【解析】B 考查介词。A表示对于，为了；B表示到，向；C表示和，有；D表示在上bring sth to sb表示带给某人某物，此处表示它可以给我们带来快乐，选B。,4. 选择代词，要注意性、数、格是否准确。【例1】Many people have a carThey like to travel by carThey can make（63） B own timetable （自己的

18、时间表）.63. A. his B. their C. her D. Its,4. 选择代词，要注意性、数、格是否准确。【例1】Many people have a carThey like to travel by carThey can make（63） B own timetable （自己的时间表）.63. A. his B. their C. her D. Its【解析】 B 考查代词，A. his他的；B. their他们的；C. her 她的；D. its 它的根据题干可知主语是they，对应的形容词性物主代词是their，故选B。,5. 选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于

19、比较时，还要注意词形变化。【例1】（56） American families like to have a（57）vocation in summer56. A. Much B. A little C. A lot D. Most,5. 选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。【例1】（56） American families like to have a（57）vocation in summer56. A. Much B. A little C. A lot D. Most【解析】D 考查形容词。A. Much许多，修饰不可数名词；B. A little有一些

20、，修饰不可数名词；C. A lot 许多，副词，不修饰名词；DMost 大多数的，形容词，空格后是可数名词American families 美国家庭，结合句意：大多数美国家庭喜欢在夏天度假，故选D。,D,【例2】Her eyes are（22） than mineHer hair is black and long22. A. big B. bigger C. biger D. biggest,【例2】Her eyes are（22） than mineHer hair is black and long22. A. big B. bigger C. biger D. biggest【解析】

21、B 考查形容词辨析根据后面than可知要用比较级，big的比较级是bigger，故答案是B。,B,6. 选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。【例】Now more and more people get to know the importance of doing sportsIt can bring fun（56）to us and it can also make us（57）healthy（58） D what should we do？58. A. Or B. And C. But D. So,6. 选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。【例】Now more an

22、d more people get to know the importance of doing sportsIt can bring fun（56）to us and it can also make us（57）healthy（58） D what should we do？58. A. Or B. And C. But D. So【解析】D 考查连词A表示或者；B表示并且，和；C表示但是；D表示所以，那么；分析语境可知what should we do承上启下句，承接上文的运动的作用，又连接下文的应该做什么的几个步骤，所以用so来承上启下，选D。,【拓展】在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和

23、排除法 1. 择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。,【拓展】在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法 1. 择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。 【例】First，we should choose（选择） our favorite ones from（59） D kinds of sportsThe sports must be right for us59. A. same B. the same C. difference D. different,【拓展】在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法 1. 择优法是把

24、各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。 【例】First，we should choose（选择） our favorite ones from（59） D kinds of sportsThe sports must be right for us59. A. same B. the same C. difference D. different【解析】D 考查形容词。空格处修饰名词kinds of sports，要用形容词修饰，选项中same是形容词表示相同的；different是形容词表示不同的，可用把它们带入横线里，但此处的kinds是复数形式，所以应该是

25、不同的，选D。,2. 排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。,2. 排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。【例】Ships are not so（61） fast as trains or planes，but travelling by ship is a（n）（62） A way to spend a holiday62. A. interesting B. bad C. safe D.

26、difficult,2. 排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。【例】Ships are not so（61） fast as trains or planes，but travelling by ship is a（n）（62） A way to spend a holiday62. A. interesting B. bad C. safe D. difficult【解析】A 考查形容词，Ainteresting有趣的；Bbad糟糕的；Csafe安全的： Ddifficult困难的。根据后

27、文but travelling by ship is 但是乘船旅行是，前文说到火车的缺点是慢，转折后应该说的是它的优点，所以排除B和D。结合选项，safe和interesting都属于优点，根据语境，乘船旅行强调的是一种趣味性，此处忽略安全的问题，排除C，因此interesting更符合题意，故选A。,典型例题,1. After supper，he always played computer games（13） A doing his homework(13)A. before B. or C. and D. When,1. After supper，he always played com

28、puter games（13） A doing his homework(13)A. before B. or C. and D. When【解析】考查连词。A. 在之前；B. 或者；C. 和；D. 当时；根据he always played computer games（13）doing his homework应该是做作业前玩电脑游戏，故答案是A。,2. Some friends have（1） views and interests, but（2） A like the same things(2)A. some B. another C. other D. the other,2. S

29、ome friends have（1） views and interests, but（2） A like the same things(2)A. some B. another C. other D. the other【解析】A考查形容词，Asome一些；Banother再一；另一；Cother其他的，泛指；Dthe other其他的，特指，根据上文some friends have opposite views and interests可吃此处还填some，代替some friends，故选A。,3. Second，we must warm up （热身） before（60） B

30、 (60)A. exercise B. exercising C. to exercise D. exercises,3. Second，we must warm up （热身） before（60） B (60)A. exercise B. exercising C. to exercise D. exercises【解析】B 考查固定搭配before是介词，后面的动词要用动名词形式，此处填exercise的动名词形式即可，选B。,4. I am（5） B than most of the students in my class，and Wang Lei is also quiet(5)A

31、. quiet B. quieter C. outgoing D. more outgoing,4. I am（5） B than most of the students in my class，and Wang Lei is also quiet(5)A. quiet B. quieter C. outgoing D. more outgoing【解析】B 考查形容词，A. quiet内向的；B. quieter更内向的；C. outgoing外向；D. more outgoing更外向，根据后文Wang Lei is also quiet王磊也是安静的，可知上文I am quieter

32、than most of the students in my class我比我们班的大多数同学都安静，故选B。,5. Some people have（61） B time and money to travel to other countries like France，Japan and Australia(61)A. many B. enough C. a few D. a lot,5. Some people have（61） B time and money to travel to other countries like France，Japan and Australia(

33、61)A. many B. enough C. a few D. a lot【解析】B 考查形容词A. many 许多；B. enough足够的；C. a few 一些；D. a lot 许多，根据下半句：to travel to other countries like France，Japan and Australia去其他国家旅行，像法国，日本，澳大利亚，此处应该是：有些人有足够的时间和金钱，故选B。,6. Many（60） C take their lunch to eat at a place with many trees or a nice lake(60) A. family

34、 B. familys C. families D. Familyes,6. Many（60） C take their lunch to eat at a place with many trees or a nice lake(60) A. family B. familys C. families D. Familyes【解析】C 考查名词A. family家庭；B. familys此项错误；C. families家庭的复数；D.familyes 此项错误空格前是many，此处应该是复数，结合句意：许多家庭在一个有许多树木或美丽湖泊的地方吃午饭，故选C。,7. Then one day

35、I watched an English movie（5） A Toy Story， I fell in love with it at once （5）A. called B. call C. calling D. calls,7. Then one day I watched an English movie（5） A Toy Story， I fell in love with it at once （5）A. called B. call C. calling D. calls【解答】A过去式；B原型；C现在分词；D第三人称单数形式；根据 I watched an English mo

36、vie（5）Toy Story，应该用过去分词作后置定语，我看了一个电影称作Toy Story故答案是A。,课堂练习,一、完形填空All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports are_1_peoples health. Many people like to watch_2_play sports games. They buy tickets_3_turn on their TV sets to sit_4_them.Sports_5_with the seasons. People play_6_games in different seas

37、ons. Sometimes they play inside the room. Sometimes they play outside. We can_7_sports here and there. Some sports are rather interesting_8_people everywhere like them. Football, for example, is very popular in the world. People_9_different countries cannot understand each other, but after a game th

38、ey often become very_10_to each other.,1. A. good for B. good at C. good D. good to 2. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 3. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4. A. in front B. in the front C. in the front of D. in front of 5. A. change B. are C. play D. start 6. A. same B. different C. the same

39、D. the different 7. A. see B. look C. find D. watch 8. A. so B. but C. or D. and 9. A. from B. to C. outside D. inside 10. A. friend B. friendly C. friends D. more friendly,一、完形填空All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports are_1_peoples health. Many people like to watch_2_play sports games. They

40、buy tickets_3_turn on their TV sets to sit_4_them.Sports_5_with the seasons. People play_6_games in different seasons. 1. A. good for B. good at C. good D. good to 2. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 3. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4. A. in front B. in the front C. in the front of D. in fr

41、ont of 5. A. change B. are C. play D. start 6. A. same B. different C. the same D. the different【答案】1-5. ABCDA 6. B,Sometimes they play inside the room. Sometimes they play outside. We can_7_sports here and there. Some sports are rather interesting_8_people everywhere like them. Football, for exampl

42、e, is very popular in the world. People_9_different countries cannot understand each other, but after a game they often become very_10_to each other. 7. A. see B. look C. find D. watch 8. A. so B. but C. or D. and 9. A. from B. to C. outside D. inside 10. A. friend B. friendly C. friends D. more fri

43、endly【答案】7-10. CDAB,二、完形填空I often spend my summer holidays just with my parents. It is quite boring. But last summer holiday was _11_. Some of my friends came to stay with my_12_and me for a week in our summer house. It is in a small _13_town called Portsea. They got there by train. It _14_ them thr

44、ee hours.One morning my friends and I_15_ to take my parents boat for a ride. We rowed(划船)_16_ half an hour and found a big cave(山洞). Susan said it could be _17_ to go into it. But Peter said it was okay. _18_we started rowing again and got in. Then the tide(潮) started. At first we thought we could

45、fight it but we were_19_ We shouted for _20_ but there was no one around.,Susan and I began to cry. Louis told us not to _21_ because the tide would be out. Because Louis always seemed to know the answer to _22_,we stopped crying. Luckily, Louis was right _23_. After some hours the tide went out. We

46、 rowed back home quickly. We didnt _24_ my parents about this special trip. And we were so _25_ that we did not have a boat ride again.11. A. terrible B. different C. popular D. difficult 12. A. parents B. cousins C. classmates D. brothers 13. A. village B. school C. museum D. beach 14. A. took B. s

47、pent C. gave D. used 15. A. waited B. dreamed C. decided D. thanked,16. A. in B. on C. to D. for 17. A. dangerous B. relaxing C. boring D. interesting 18. A. Because B. So C. If D. Or 19. A. late B. wrong C. sorry D. busy 20. A. help B. luck C. fun D. time 21. A. shout B. say C. worry D. think 22. A

48、. someone B. anyone C. nothing D. everything 23. A. yet B. still C. again D. too 24. A. call B. show C. ask D. tell 25. A. tidy B. happy C. afraid D. busy,二、完形填空I often spend my summer holidays just with my parents. It is quite boring. But last summer holiday was _11_. Some of my friends came to sta

49、y with my_12_and me for a week in our summer house. It is in a small _13_town called Portsea. They got there by train. It _14_ them three hours. 11. A. terrible B. different C. popular D. difficult 12. A. parents B. cousins C. classmates D. brothers 13. A. village B. school C. museum D. beach 14. A. took B. spent C. gave D. used 【答案】 11-14. DADA,