[考研类试卷]考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷 1 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】The only thing most teachers and students of the humanities agree on, it often seems, is that these are troubled times for their field. For a whole vari
2、ety of reasonssocial, intellectual, and technological the humanities have been losing their confident position at the core of the universitys mission. This represents an important turning point, not just for education, but for our culture as a whole. Ever since the Renaissance, the humanities have d
3、efined what it means to be an educated person.【F2】The very word comes from the Latin name of the first modern curriculum, the study of humanity, invented in fourteenth-century Italy as a rival to traditional university subjects like medicine and law.According to Princeton historian Anthony Grafton,
4、“the study of humanity included quite a specific range of subjects: grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic, the arts that gave a command of Latin, the language of learning, and oratory, history, poetry, and moral philosophy. “ For centuries after, these disciplines were considered indispensable for any we
5、ll-educated person. Still more important, they helped to define an ethical ideal; they were “forms of thought and writing,“ Grafton explains, “that improved the character of the student. “【F3 】To study the humanities was to grow more independent and brave, both intellectually and morally and it was
6、the royal road to becoming a complete human being. In the words of the critic George Steiner, modern education has been defined by the principle “that the humanities humanize. “ Even today, most members of institutions like Harvard would instinctively approve, in some form, the proposition advanced
7、six centuries ago by the Italian Renaissance humanist Pier Paolo Vergerio: “We call those studies liberal, then, which are worthy of a free mart: they are those through which virtue and wisdom are either practiced or sought, and by which the body or mind is inclined towards all the best things. “ Bu
8、t today, every part of Vergerios belief is coming under increased attack.【F4】For one thing, “liberal studies“ can appear less useful, to the student and to society as a whole, than concrete scientific and technical knowledge. Better to emerge from college as a budding biologist or financier, our pra
9、ctical-minded culture incessantly tells us, than as a mere reader of books.【F5】Meanwhile, the humanities themselves have become infinitely more self-critical in recent decades, so that “virtue“ and “wisdom,“ unquestionable terms for Vergerio, are now contested battlegrounds. Reading canonical texts,
10、 many people now believe, is not the road to freedom, but a subtle kind of indoctrination.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 A poem or movie may be described as “sentimental“ if it is appealing too directly to the feelings of the audience. The poets of all cultures have frequently embodies the original
11、 meaning of sentimentality. But to modern sentimentality, their most substantial contribution has come through the removal of their poems, from their intellectual context.【F1】What people have too often taken, second-hand, from poetry is not the totality of a poetic vision but a few digestible associ
12、ations and assumptions. When we refer to our “heart“ today, we usually simply mean the more immovable aspects of our mind. Described almost as a moral necessity nowadays, possessing “a dream“ is usually, in fact, to possess greedy, unimaginative ambition. Yet the near-sacred modern status of “love“
13、involves holding it high above any object of love. In pursuing this “needed“, “deserved“ and “self improving“ emotional commodity, we often overlook basic human empathy.【F2】Sentimentality is dangerous because it simplifies our understanding of life such that we are confused and even ashamed by genui
14、ne emotional complexity. Sentimentality is dangerous because it forgives micro-morality. In watching a film, we are forced to accept that the character with whom we spend the most time is the character most worthy of our support. This self-satisfaction follows us out of the cinema.【F3】Sentimentality
15、 is dangerous because, indulging in it, one feels virtuous in transcending “the survival of the fittest“, forgetting that one is reinforcing an equally exclusive “survival of the cutest“. More worryingly, there are those for whom the shedding of tears is felt as a virtue in itself.【F4】Feeling emotio
16、nally exhausted after getting through a film or a book, or even in simply speaking earnestly, one might assume that one has already fulfilled a moral duty to humanity.Sentimentality either softens people excessively or it hardens them. Raised on sentimental culture, the weaker-minded are overcome wi
17、th emotion at the slightest trigger, unable to reason their way out of it. A more intelligent audience may, of course, numb themselves to it. But in blocking out such devices, one risks blocking out all consideration of, and sensitivity to, the real sentiments that sentimentality implies.【F5】By cons
18、ciously practicing sentimentalityby creating an unmentioned separation between an i-dealized dream-world and ones own special understanding of this world, one undermines ones language and ones honesty.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 The word Renaissance has of late years received a more extended s
19、ignificance than that which is implied in our English equivalentthe Revival of Learning. We use it to denote the whole transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern World.【F1 】Though it is possible to assign certain limits to the period during which this transition took place, we cannot fix on any d
20、ates so positively as to say between this year and that the movement was accomplished. To do so would be like trying to name the days on which spring in any particular season began and ended. The truth is. the evolution has not been completed.In like manner we cannot refer the whole phenomena of the
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