EN ISO 80000-10-2013 en Quantities and units - Part 10 Atomic and nuclear physics《量和单位 第10部分 原子和核物理学》.pdf

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1、BS ISO80000-10:2009ICS 01.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDQuantities and unitsPart 10: Atomic and nuclear physicsBS EN ISO 80000-10:2013BS EN ISO 80000-10:2013ISBN 978 0 580 79024 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30

2、June 2013 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 80000-10:2009 as BS EN ISO 80000-10:2013This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2010 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013National forewo

3、rdThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 80000-10:2013. It is identical to ISO 80000-10:2009. It supersedes BS ISO 80000-10:2009, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SS/7, General metrology, quantities, units and symbols.A li

4、st of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.The publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal

5、 obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 80000-10 April 2013 ICS 01.060 English Version Quantities and units - Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics (ISO 80000-10:2009) Grandeurs et units - Partie 10: Physique atomique et nuclaire (ISO 80000-10:2009) Gren und Einheiten - T

6、eil 10: Atom- und Kernphysik (ISO 80000-10:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alter

7、ation. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made

8、 by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estoni

9、a, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDA

10、RDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 80000-10:2013: EBS EN ISO 80000-10:2013EN ISO 800

11、00-10:2013 (E)EN ISO 80000-10:2013 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 80000-10:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 “Quantities and units” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 80000-10:2013. This European Standard shall be given

12、 the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may b

13、e the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, B

14、elgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swi

15、tzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 80000-10:2009 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80000-10:2013 without any modification. BS ISO 80000-10:2009ISO 80000-10:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative

16、references1 3 Names, symbols, and definitions 1 Annex A (informative) Non-SI units used in atomic and nuclear physics 66 Bibliography67 BS EN ISO 80000-10:2013ISO 80000-10:2013 (E)BS ISO 80000-10:2009ISO 80000-10:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for

17、 Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whom a technical committee has been established has the r

18、ight to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internation

19、al Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member b

20、odies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 80000-10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC

21、12, Quantities and units, in co-operation with IEC/TC 25, Quantities and units. This first edition of ISO 80000-10 cancels and replaces ISO 31-9:1992 and ISO 31-10:1992. It also incorporates Amendments ISO 31-9:1992/Amd.1:1998 and ISO 31-10:1992/Amd.1:1998. The major technical changes from the previ

22、ous standards are the following: Annex A and Annex B to ISO 31-9:1992 have been deleted (as they are covered by ISO 80000-9); Annex C to ISO 31-9:1992 has become Annex A; Annex D to ISO 31-9:1992 has been deleted; the presentation of numerical statements has been changed; the Normative references ha

23、ve been changed; items 10-33 and 10-53 from ISO 31-10:1992 have been deleted; new items have been added; many definitions have been re-formulated; newer values for fundamental constants have been used. ISO 80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part 1: G

24、eneral Part 2: Mathematical signs and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology Part 3: Space and time Part 4: Mechanics BS EN ISO 80000-10:2013ISO 80000-10:2013 (E)BS ISO 80000-10:2009ISO 80000-10:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved v Part 5: Thermodynamics Part 7: Light Part 8: Ac

25、oustics Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics Part 11: Characteristic numbers Part 12: Solid state physics IEC 80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part 6: Electromagnetism Part 13: Information science and

26、 technology Part 14: Telebiometrics related to human physiology BS EN ISO 80000-10:2013ISO 80000-10:2013 (E)BS ISO 80000-10:2009ISO 80000-10:2009(E) vi ISO 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction 0.1 Arrangements of the tables The tables of quantities and units in this International Standard are arrang

27、ed so that the quantities are presented on the left-hand pages and the units on the corresponding right-hand pages. All units between two full lines on the right-hand pages belong to the quantities between the corresponding full lines on the left-hand pages. Where the numbering of an item has been c

28、hanged in the revision of a part of ISO 31, the number in the preceding edition is shown in parenthesis on the left-hand page under the new number for the quantity; a dash is used to indicate that the item in question did not appear in the preceding edition. 0.2 Tables of quantities The names in Eng

29、lish and in French of the most important quantities within the field of this International Standard are given together with their symbols and, in most cases, their definitions. These names and symbols are recommendations. The definitions are given for identification of the quantities in the Internat

30、ional System of Quantities (ISQ), listed on the left hand pages of the table; they are not intended to be complete. The scalar, vector or tensor character of quantities is pointed out, especially when this is needed for the definitions. In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantit

31、y are given; where two or more names or two or more symbols are given for one quantity and no special distinction is made, they are on an equal footing. When two types of italic letters exist (for example as with and ; and ; a and a; g and g), only one of these is given. This does not mean that the

32、other is not equally acceptable. It is recommended that such variants not be given different meanings. A symbol within parentheses implies that it is a reserve symbol, to be used when, in a particular context, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning. In this English edition, the quantity

33、names in French are printed in an italic font, and are preceded by fr. The gender of the French name is indicated by (m) for masculine and (f) for feminine, immediately after the noun in the French name. 0.3 Tables of units 0.3.1 General The names of units for the corresponding quantities are given

34、together with the international symbols and the definitions. These unit names are language-dependent, but the symbols are international and the same in all languages. For further information, see the SI Brochure (8thedition, 2006) from BIPM and ISO 80000-1. The units are arranged in the following wa

35、y: a) The coherent SI units are given first. The SI units have been adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM). The coherent SI units and their decimal multiples and submultiples formed with the SI prefixes are recommended, although the de

36、cimal multiples and submultiples are not explicitly mentioned. BS EN ISO 80000-10:2013ISO 80000-10:2013 (E)BS ISO 80000-10:2009ISO 80000-10:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved viib) Some non-SI units are then given, namely those accepted by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (Comi

37、t International des Poids et Mesures, CIPM), or by the International Organization of Legal Metrology (Organisation Internationale de Mtrologie Lgale, OIML), or by ISO and IEC, for use with the SI. Such units are separated from the SI units in the item by use of a broken line between the SI units and

38、 the other units. c) Non-SI units currently accepted by the CIPM for use with the SI are given in small print (smaller than the text size) in the “Conversion factors and remarks” column. d) Non-SI units that are not recommended are given only in annexes in some parts of this International Standard.

39、These annexes are informative, in the first place for the conversion factors, and are not integral parts of the standard. These deprecated units are arranged in two groups: 1) units in the CGS system with special names; 2) units based on the foot, pound, second, and some other related units. e) Othe

40、r non-SI units given for information, especially regarding the conversion factors, are given in informative annexes in some parts of this International Standard. 0.3.2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension one, or dimensionless quantities The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one, al

41、so called a dimensionless quantity, is the number one, symbol 1. When the value of such a quantity is expressed, the unit symbol 1 is generally not written out explicitly. EXAMPLE 1 Refractive index n = 1,53 1 = 1,53 Prefixes shall not be used to form multiples or submultiples of this unit. Instead

42、of prefixes, powers of 10 are recommended. EXAMPLE 2 Reynolds number Re = 1,32 103Considering that the plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio of two lengths and the solid angle as the ratio of two areas, in 1995 the CGPM specified that, in the SI, the radian, symbol rad, and steradian, symb

43、ol sr, are dimensionless derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as derived quantities of dimension one. The units radian and steradian are thus equal to one; they may either be omitted, or they may be used in expressions for derived units to facili

44、tate distinction between quantities of different kind but having the same dimension. 0.4 Numerical statements in this International Standard The sign = is used to denote “is exactly equal to”, the sign is used to denote “is approximately equal to”, and the sign := is used to denote “is by definition

45、 equal to”. Numerical values of physical quantities that have been experimentally determined always have an associated measurement uncertainty. This uncertainty should always be specified. In this International Standard, the magnitude of the uncertainty is represented as in the following example. EX

46、AMPLE l = 2,347 82(32) m In this example, l = a(b) m, the numerical value of the uncertainty b indicated in parentheses is assumed to apply to the last (and least significant) digits of the numerical value a of the length l. This notation is used when b represents the standard uncertainty (estimated

47、 standard deviation) in the last digits of a. The numerical example given above may be interpreted to mean that the best estimate of the numerical value of the length l, when l is expressed in the unit metre is 2,347 82, and that the unknown value of l is believed to BS EN ISO 80000-10:2013ISO 80000

48、-10:2013 (E)BS ISO 80000-10:2009ISO 80000-10:2009(E) viii ISO 2009 All rights reservedlie between (2,347 82 0,000 32) m and (2,347 82 + 0,000 32) m with a probability determined by the standard uncertainty 0,000 32 m and the probability distribution of the values of l. 0.5 Special remarks 0.5.1 Quan

49、tities The fundamental physical constants given in ISO 80000-10 are quoted in the consistent values of the fundamental physical constants published in “2006 CODATA recommended values”. See the CODATA website: http:/physics.nist.gov/cuu/constants/index.html. 0.5.2 Special units Individual scientists should have the freedom to use non-SI units when they see a particular scientific advantage in their work. For this reason, non-SI units which are relevant for atomic and nuclear physics are lis