DIN EN 15428-2007 Soil improvers and growing media - Determination of particle size distribution English version of DIN EN 15428 2007-11《土壤改良剂和生长剂 粒度分布的测定》.pdf

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1、November 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 12No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 65.080!$JI9“1393822ww

2、w.din.deDDIN EN 15428Soil improvers and growing media Determination of particle size distributionEnglish version of DIN EN 15428:2007-11Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate Bestimmung der PartikelgrenverteilungEnglische Fassung DIN EN 15428:2007-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises 20 pagesDIN E

3、N 15428:2007-11 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom) with the active participation of German experts. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss

4、 Lebensmittel und land-wirtschaftliche Produkte (Foodstuffs and Agricultural Products Standards Committee), Technical Committee Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate. The DIN-Fachbericht corresponding to the CEN Technical Report referred to in clause 2 of this standard is as follows: CR 13456

5、:1999 DIN-Fachbericht 83 The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 and in the bibliography of the EN are as follows: ISO 565 DIN ISO 565 ISO 5725-1:1994 DIN ISO 5725-1:1997-11 ISO 5725-2:1994 DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12 ISO 5725-3:1994 DIN ISO 5725-3:2003-02 I

6、SO 5725-4:1994 DIN ISO 5725-4:2003-01 ISO 5725-5:1998 DIN ISO 5725-5:2002-11 ISO 5725-6:1994 DIN ISO 5725-6:2002-08 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN-Fachbericht 83, Soil improvers and growing media Labelling, specifications and product schedules DIN ISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cl

7、oth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings DIN ISO 5725-1:1997-11, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: General principles and definitions (ISO 5725-1:1994) DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measure

8、ment methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:2002) DIN ISO 5725-3:2003-02, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 3: Inte

9、rmediate measures of the precision of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-3:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:2001) DIN ISO 5725-4:2003-01, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 4: Basic methods for the determination of the trueness of a standard measurem

10、ent method (ISO 5725-4:1994) DIN ISO 5725-5:2002-11, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-5:1998) DIN ISO 5725-6:2002-08, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of

11、 measurement methods and results Part 6: Use in practice of accuracy values (ISO 5725-6:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:2001) EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15428September 2007ICS 65.080English VersionSoil improvers and growing media - Determination of particlesize distribu

12、tionAmendements du sol et supports de culture -Dtermination de la rpartition granulomtriqueBodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate -Bestimmung der PartikelgrenverteilungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 July 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regul

13、ations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This Eur

14、opean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the nati

15、onal standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un

16、ited Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15428:2007: EE

17、N 15428:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle4 5 Apparatus .4 6 Optimization of sieving machine5 7 Test sample 5 8 Air drying 6 9 Procedure .6 10 Calculations and expression of results.6 11 Precision.7 12 Test report 7 Annex A (n

18、ormative) Optimization of the sieving machine.9 Annex B (informative) Results of an interlaboratory trial to determine particle size .10 Bibliography 18 EN 15428:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15428:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media”,

19、the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. Attention is

20、 drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fol

21、lowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl

22、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 15428:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This document specifies a method of determination of particle size distribution in soil improvers and growing media. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application

23、of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12579, Soil improvers and growing media - Sampling EN 13040:2007, Soil improvers and growing media Sample preparation f

24、or chemical and physical tests, determination of dry matter content, moisture content and laboratory compacted bulk density CR 13456:1999, Soil improvers and growing media Labelling, specifications and product schedules ISO 565, Test sieves - Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroforme

25、d sheet - Nominal sizes of openings 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CR 13456:1999 and EN 13040:2007 apply. 4 Principle Sieving an air-dried sample of a growing medium or soil improver with specified test sieves using a mechanical sieving

26、machine and determination of the weight fraction distribution. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Sieving-shaking machine, vertical vibrating movement, with amplitude adjustment, and interval timer. Sieving time: 7 min in periods of 10 s shaking and 1 s rest with an amplitude in the range between 0,5 mm and 1,5 mm. 5.

27、2 Test sieves, diameter 200 mm or 300 mm, rim height 55 mm, aperture sizes as listed in ISO 565, of stainless steel woven wire with square openings 31,5 mm, 16,0 mm, 8,0 mm, 4,0 mm, 2,0 mm, 1,0 mm, and reception tray, sieve lid. 5.3 Drying oven, forced air suction, adjustable to 40 C 5 C. NOTE Care

28、should be taken to prevent loss of fine lightweight particles. 5.4 Three drying trays, rim height ca 50 mm 10 mm, minimum bottom area of 400 cm2, heat proof to 50 C. 5.5 Balance with a weighing range at least 4 kg and an accuracy 0,1 g. 5.6 Apparatus for sample division, comprising any suitable equi

29、pment for combining and reducing the samples which preserves the characteristics of the product. Depending on the particle size, material and EN 15428:2007 (E) 5 particle size distribution, the opening width of the passage should be 2,5 times to 3 times greater than the diameter of the largest parti

30、cle. 6 Optimization of sieving machine Prior to its first use the shaking machine shall be optimized as described in Annex A. Optimization shall be repeated annually. 7 Test sample 7.1 General For the determination of the particle size distribution materials shall be sampled in accordance with EN 12

31、579. This European Standard is applicable to samples supplied in a form in which they are used and is not necessarily applicable to or suitable for all types of growing medium or soil improver, for example material that is not able to flow when used or is sticky. Samples shall be analysed in a state

32、 ready to be used. Prepare the test sample in accordance with EN 13040:2007 up to Clause 7. 7.2 Determination of the sub-sample volume First determine the analytical sample size. For fine materials, use a smaller volume than for coarser materials to reduce the risk of blocking the sieves (see Table

33、1). Place the 8,0 mm mesh sieve (5.2) on the sieving machine with the reception tray under it. Reduce the sample to the size of the sub-sample using an apparatus for sample division (5.6). Transfer the appropriate sub-sample (750 ml for 300 mm sieve and 375 ml for 200 mm sieve) to the sieve and plac

34、e the lid on the sieve. Secure to the sieving tower and switch on the sieving machine (5.1) for 1 min at the standard setting. For samples in which the moisture content is too high, first air dry the sample in a drying oven for 16 h (5.3). NOTE If the moisture content is too high, the sample will no

35、t pass through the sieve. After sieving, weigh the sieve (c), the reception tray with the sample (a), then dry-clean the sieve and reception tray and weigh them empty (d and b respectively). Calculate the fraction according to 10.1. Table 1 Sample volumes Sieve diameter Sub-sample portion If 0 mm to

36、 8 mm fraction 50 % w/w total Sub-sample portion If 0 mm to 8 mm fraction 50 % w/w total 200 mm 375 ml 125 ml 300 mm 750 ml 250 ml EN 15428:2007 (E) 6 8 Air drying Take three representative appropriate volumes (see Table 1) of the sample as received using an apparatus for sample division (5.6) and p

37、lace them into 3 separate drying trays. Spread the sample over the surface of the tray as uniformly as possible and weigh. Place the trays in the drying oven (5.3) at 40 C for at least 16 h and re-weigh. Calculate the moisture loss. After drying, the remaining moisture content in the sub-samples sha

38、ll not exceed 15 % of the total weight. The moisture content shall be determined as described in EN 13040:2007. 9 Procedure Determine the particle size distribution within 24 h after drying. Store the sample in a dry atmosphere until sieving can be performed. NOTE As samples absorb moisture, volume

39、changes can occur. Assemble the sieves in order of aperture size, with the largest aperture at the top, on top of the reception tray on the sieving machine. Distribute all the dried sub-sample (Clause 8) equally on the upper sieve. Place the lid on the upper sieve and secure the sieves. Switch on th

40、e sieving machine for 7 min at the prescribed setting (Clause 6). Determine the weight fractions of each sieve and of the reception tray. Dry-clean the sieves and the reception tray. When the three sub-samples have been sieved and weighed, determine the empty weights of the sieves and the reception

41、tray. Calculate the fraction distribution as described in 10.2. 10 Calculations and expression of results 10.1 Calculation of fraction distribution during sample pre-treatment Calculate the fraction distribution during sample pre-treatment as follows: The sieving fraction greater than 8 mm is given

42、by 100% )()(-mass)by (% mm 8 fraction Sieving +badcdc= (1) The sieving fraction smaller than 8 mm is given by 100% )()(mass)by (% mm 8-0fraction Sieving +badcba= (2) where a is the weight of reception tray plus sample, expressed in g; b is the weight of the empty reception tray, expressed in g; c is

43、 the weight of the 8,0 mm sieve plus sample, expressed in g; EN 15428:2007 (E) 7 d is the weight of the empty 8,0 mm sieve, expressed in g. 10.2 Calculation of fraction distribution of a sample The portion masses are expressed on the total mass of the sample. weight%100 massraction xxxAA= ZF(3) wher

44、e x = 1.7 1 - sieve 31,5 mm 2 - sieve 16 mm 3 - sieve 8 mm 4 - sieve 4 mm 5 - sieve 2 mm 6 - sieve 1 mm 7 - reception tray A1.7 = (weight sieve plus sample - weight empty sieve). For each fraction determine the average and round it to the nearest whole percent. Then determine the coefficient of vari

45、ance of the three sub-samples according to the calculation below (example calculation of portion x). Do this for portions 2 to 6 and only for the three largest fractions. Disregard the portion of 31,5 mm. If the coefficient of variance of a portion is greater than 20 % the sample should be considere

46、d as insufficiently homogenous. The analysis should be repeated in its entirety. nZ= GxxverageA (4) where: n = number of replicates (3 or 4) 100 Variance of oefficient x2xxxG1)/(n)G(Z= VcC (5) 11 Precision Typical performance characteristics for precision and accuracy are shown in Table B.1 to Table

47、 B.7. 12 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to the European Standard (EN 15428:2007); EN 15428:2007 (E) 8 b) complete identification of the sample; c) all the analytical methods used; d) results of the determination as whole numbers, expressed as mass/m

48、ass dry matter basis; e) any details not specified in this European Standard, or which are optional, as well as any other factor that may have affected the results. NOTE The test report may be prepared separately or in conjunction with the test report of a subsequent analytical method. EN 15428:2007

49、 (E) 9 Annex A (normative) Optimization of the sieving machine A.1 Test sample Homogeneous, peat type 1, 31,5 mm Sample Peat (2005) Bark (2005) Composted greenwaste (2005) Perlite (2005) Coarse peat (1997) Composted bark (1997) Number of laboratories retained after eliminating outliers 15 15 15 15 Number of outliers (laboratories) Mean value % m/m 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 Repeatability standard deviation, sr% m/m Repeatability relative standard deviation (%) Repeatability limit, r = 2.8sr% m/m