CEN TR 17202-2018 Furniture - General safety guidelines - Entrapment of fingers.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Furniture - General safety guidelines - Entrapment of fingersPD CEN/TR 17202:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17202 April 2018 ICS 97.140 English Version Furniture - General safety guide

2、lines - Entrapment of fingers Ameublement - Lignes directrices gnrales de scurit - Coincement des doigts Mbel - Allgemeine Sicherheitsleitfden - Fingerfangstellen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 2 February 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 207.CEN members are

3、the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roma

4、nia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any

5、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17202:2018 ENational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 17202:2018.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FW/0/1, Common Test Methods for Furnitur

6、e.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Stan

7、dards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 95831 1ICS 97.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationD

8、ate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 17202:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17202 April 2018 ICS 97.140 English Version Furniture - General safety guidelines - Entrapment of fingers Ameublement - Lignes directrices gnrales de scurit - Coincement des doigts Mb

9、el - Allgemeine Sicherheitsleitfden - Fingerfangstellen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 2 February 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 207.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto

10、nia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE

11、FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17202:2018 EPD CEN/TR 1

12、7202:2018CEN/TR 17202:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 General safety 6 5 Hazard and risk assessment 7 6 Accessibility . 8 7 Entrapment of fingers 9 8 Hazards from moving parts 15 9 Hazards from sharp edges

13、 19 Annex A (informative) Anthropometric data - Sizes of fingers . 20 A.1 General . 20 A.2 Childrens fingers . 20 A.3 Adult fingers 21 Bibliography . 23 PD CEN/TR 17202:2018CEN/TR 17202:2018 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 17202:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 207

14、 “Furniture”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 17202:2018CEN/TR 17202:2018 (E) 4 In

15、troduction This document is a non-normative CEN publication which provides guidance information on the common hazards that should be taken into consideration when developing safety standards for furniture. They have been drawn up by a working group of experts set up by CEN/TC 207 with the prime obje

16、ctive of harmonizing the approach to hazard, risk assessment and injury prevention. These guidelines give recommendations on preventative measures to avoid injuries that could be caused by furniture. The standards developed by CEN/TC 207 cover a wide range of users, including vulnerable group such a

17、s children and the elderly. Furniture is a group that has large variations between different products, however, many safety hazards associated with this diverse group of products are very similar. These guidelines identify many of these safety hazards and give details that enable similar safety prin

18、ciples to be applied to the drafting of standards across the group of products. The information given in these guidelines reflects the state of the art at publication. Standards and regulations will continuously be developed. Other sources may also provide useful information for the reader. How to u

19、se this guideline The safety recommendations and test methods given are intended to give guidance and to lead to consistency when writing safety standards for furniture. It is recommended to use these guidelines when drafting standards. The safety recommendations detailed do not constitute an exhaus

20、tive set that can be applied to all furniture products. The application to particular products should be evaluated by experts. In these guidelines rationales are given to explain the potential hazard. Wherever possible, recommendations, test equipment and test methods are given which can be used whe

21、n drafting standards. The terminology in these guidelines is not the one required for standards: the word shall is meant to be used in standards, not should as given in these guidelines. CEN/TC 207 is, wherever possible when writing new standards or revising existing standards, drafting their standa

22、rds on a hazard based format. This document should enable working groups to draft their standards in a hazard based format by proceeding in the following way: identification of the hazards and assessment of the risk; definition of the recommendations to address an identified hazard and risk; definit

23、ion of relevant test methods to check that the recommendations are met; provision of an Annex which contains anthropometric data for the inclusion of the recommendations. PD CEN/TR 17202:2018CEN/TR 17202:2018 (E) 5 1 Scope This document, contains the general safety philosophy, a guideline on the saf

24、ety assessment that experts are recommended to use when drafting standards and guidance on specific general safety recommendations, and test methods, relating to hazards caused by holes and openings that are common to all types of furniture. The Technical Report contains guidance that is intended to

25、 be used by designers and manufacturers to assess any inherent risk within their products. The Technical Report is intended to address common risks posed by items of furniture to adults and children over 36 months old. For products designed for children under 36 months attention is drawn to CEN/TR 1

26、3387 series of documents. Safety risks addressed by this document are hazards caused by holes and openings and specifically: entrapment of fingers; shearing or compression/crushing of fingers; sharp edges. Safety risks not addressed by this document, because they are considered outside of the scope

27、of this report and associated with specific product types, but can be caused by holes and openings include: entrapment of head and neck; entrapment of limbs; These guidelines do not cover all types of hazards and risks, such as inappropriate use of products, or inadequate supervision of children. NO

28、TE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that all other potential hazards relevant to the product e.g. stability, strength and the effects of electrical power etc., are fully addressed in the process of standards writing. This document has one Annex: Annex A (informative) Anthropometric d

29、ata. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia:

30、 available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 harm injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment PD CEN/TR 17202:2018CEN/TR 17202:2018 (E) 6 3.2 hazard potential source of harm 3.3 hazard characteri

31、sation quantitative evaluation of the nature of the adverse health effects following exposure to a risk source(s) 3.4 hazard identification identification of a risk source(s) capable of causing adverse effect(s) 3.5 intended use use in accordance with information provided together with a product 3.6

32、 risk combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm Note 1 to entry: The probability of occurrence includes the exposure to a hazardous situation, the occurrence of a hazardous event, and the possibility to avoid or limit the harm. 3.7 risk analysis systematic us

33、e of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk 3.8 risk assessment overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation Note 1 to entry: In practical terms this means the evaluation, including the identification of the related uncertainties, of the likelihood and

34、 severity of an adverse effect(s) following exposure under defined means to a risk source(s). 3.9 risk evaluation procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether tolerable risk has been exceeded 4 General safety Safety is often a balance between being safe from injury and the other demands

35、 of an item of furniture, for example, ensuring that the item is fit for purpose as well as meeting consumers needs and expectations. Attention should be paid to: the intended users of the product, i.e. adults, children; the intended and foreseeable use of the product, bearing in mind that many prod

36、ucts can be used in environments where both children and adults are present. Items of furniture should be designed to be safe. Hazards should be eliminated wherever possible. For cases where a hazard cannot be eliminated or sufficiently minimized by design or safeguards product related information s

37、hould be given. However product related information should not be used as an alternative to safe design. PD CEN/TR 17202:2018CEN/TR 17202:2018 (E) 7 5 Hazard and risk assessment 5.1 Introduction The approach to hazard risk assessment described in this clause should ensure that the specific hazards a

38、ddressed by this document are assessed when developing safety standards for furniture. This clause details a process to identify these hazards and to assess the risks of injury to the user associated with furniture. When developing a new furniture safety standard, revising an existing one or working

39、 with a standard where safety needs to be addressed, it is necessary to conduct a hazard and risk assessment. This involves gathering information from a variety of sources such as accident data, RAPEX and recall notifications, legal reports and other reliable sources of information such as expert op

40、inion. Additionally, reference should be made to relevant furniture safety guidelines, publications and safety standards. The hazard risk assessment methodology described in this clause may also be used to assist designers and manufacturers in the development of new product. 5.2 Methodology A hazard

41、 and risk assessment table is provided for the hazards covered by this document. The table does not list all the known hazards that have been identified through review of available guides and Standards, specifically those for children under 36 months, however standards for products specifically desi

42、gned for this age group should reference the CEN/TR 13387 series of guidance documents. Additional hazards not listed in the table may be associated with certain product categories and should also be considered. The methodology can be used for all potential risks. Before the hazard and risk assessme

43、nt table can be completed, all available data, such as accident data, RAPEX and recall notifications, legal reports and other reliable sources of information, such as expert opinion, require analysis. There is also a need to fully review the products available and to understand how a user will inter

44、act with a product. It is also necessary to understand the type of injuries that can occur and how they are caused, as well as how accidents themselves occur and the likely outcomes. PD CEN/TR 17202:2018CEN/TR 17202:2018 (E) 8 Table 1 Hazard and risk assessment table Hazard List Hazard identificatio

45、n Hazard analysis Risk level Risk management measures Comments Accident dataRAPEXProductrecallsReported incidentsProductreportsExpertopinionMinororreversibleinjuriesSeriousandreversible,orminorandirreversibleinjuriesSeriousandirreversibleinjuriesDeathL (Low)M (Medium)H (High)Hazardaddressedbyanother

46、similarsafetystandardora previous versionHazardtobe addressedbysafetyrecommendationHazardtobeaddressedbyproductinformationHazardnottobe addressedEntrapment of fingers Hazards due to moving parts, i.e. shearing or compression 6 Accessibility This guidance document does not specify exact accessible zo

47、nes for fingers for all products, as these should be determined in relation to the hazards and risks of individual products when drafting a standard. As a general guidance to the types of contact associated with the specified hazards: the hazardous part is in reach of the user from the intended posi

48、tion of use by hands and there is a high probability of contact. Recommendation are needed to address this primary contact; or the hazardous part may be reached by the user, beyond the intended position of use. Access to hazardous parts is gained by passing/moving around the product or when contorti

49、ng the body to touch the hazardous part. The risk of harm deriving from contact may be less probable. Recommendation may be needed to address this secondary contact, dependant on the associated risk; the hazardous part may be reached by a person other than the user, with the product in its intended position of use. Access to hazardous parts is gained by passing/moving around the product. The risk of harm deriving from contact may be less probable. Recommendation may be needed to address this secondary contact, dependa