BS ISO 14592-2-2003 Water quality - Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations - Continuous flow river model with attached biomass《水质 评价低.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14592-2:2002 BS 6068-5.31:2002 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Water quality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations Part 2: Continuous flow river model with attached biomass ICS 13.060.70 BS ISO 14592-2:2002 This British Standard

2、 was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 June 2003 BSI 7 January 2004 ISBN 0 580 42136 8 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14592-2:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation

3、was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement internat

4、ional publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include

5、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries

6、 on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page,

7、pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14859 Corrigendum No. 1 7 January 2004 Corrected ISO pages Reference number ISO 14592-2:20

8、02(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14592-2 First edition 2002-11-15 Corrected version 2003-08-01 Water quality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations Part 2: Continuous flow river model with attached biomass Qualit de leau valuation de la biodgradabilit ar

9、obie des composs organiques prsents en faibles concentrations Partie 2: Modle de cours deau courant continu avec biomasse associeBSISO145922:2002 ii BSISO145922:2002 iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 2 4 Principle. 4 5 Rea

10、gents and media. 4 6 Apparatus. 5 7 Test environment 6 8 Procedure. 7 9 Calculation. 9 10 Validity of the test . 12 11 Test report 12 Annex A (informative) Example of expression of results. 13 Bibliography 16 BSISO145922:2002iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a w

11、orldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented

12、on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafte

13、d in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stand

14、ard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14592 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14592-2 was

15、prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological methods. ISO 14592 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations: Part 1: Shake-flask batch test wit

16、h surface water or surface water/sediment suspensions Part 2: Continuous flow river model with attached biomass This corrected version of ISO 14592-2:2002 incorporates corrections to the term numbers 3.1.10 and 3.1.11; the reference given in the last line of 5.2; the reference given in the second li

17、ne of 6.1.3; the reference given in the second line of 6.1.5; the reference given in the first line of 8.1.1; the reference given in the second line of 8.1.2; the reference given in the second line of the second paragraph of 8.2; the reference given in the third line of the second paragraph of 8.3 t

18、he reference given in the fifth line of the first paragraph of 8.4; the reference given in the fourth line of the second paragraph of 8.4; the reference given in the second line of the first paragraph of 9.1; the reference given in the third line of the note under 9.2. BSISO145922:2002 vIntroduction

19、 This International Standard consists of two parts. Part 1 describes a die-away batch test for either surface water with or without added sediment in suspension simulating either a pelagic aquatic environment or a water-to-sediment interface. Part 2 describes a continuous flow system simulating a ri

20、ver with biomass attached to stationary surfaces. The test has been specifically designed to provide information on the biodegradation behaviour and kinetics for test compounds at low concentrations, i.e. sufficiently low to simulate the biodegradation kinetics expected to occur in natural environme

21、ntal systems. This method is designed to determine the primary biodegradation in a continuously operating test system simulating a river. Before conducting this test, it is necessary to have information on the biodegradability behaviour of the test compound (e.g. at usual test concentrations in stan

22、dard biodegradation tests) and, if possible, on abiotic degradability or elimination (e.g. photolysis, adsorption or stripping) under conditions which are comparable to those of the river model and relevant physico-chemical data (e.g. water-solubility, adsorption coefficient K oc ) so as to properly

23、 plan the experiment and interpret the results. BSISO145922:2002BSISO145922:2002 1Water quality Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations Part 2: Continuous flow river model with attached biomass WARNING AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Activated sludge, sewage and

24、effluent contain potentially pathogenic organisms. Therefore appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic and dangerous test compounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care. Radiolabelled compounds, if used, should be handled respecting existing rule

25、s and legislation. 1 Scope This part of ISO 14592 specifies a method for evaluating the biodegradability of organic test compounds by aerobic microorganisms in natural waters by means of a continuous flow river model with attached biomass. This part of ISO 14592 is applicable to organic test compoun

26、ds present in lower concentrations than those of natural carbon substrates also present in the system. Under these conditions, the test compounds serve as a secondary substrate and the kinetics for biodegradation would be expected to be first order (“non-growth” kinetics). This part of ISO 14592 is

27、applicable to organic test compounds, which under the conditions of the test and at the chosen test concentration, are: water soluble; quantitatively detectable with appropriate analytical methods or available in radiolabelled form; non-volatile from aqueous solution (e.g. Henrys law constant 1 Pam

28、3 /mole); not significantly adsorbed; not photolyzed; not inhibitory to the microorganisms of the test system. The test is not recommended for use as proof of ultimate biodegradability (mineralization) which is better assessed using other standardized tests (see ISO/TR 15462). 2 Normative reference

29、The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 14592. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of I

30、SO 14592 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International

31、 Standards. ISO/TR 15462, Water quality Selection of tests for biodegradability BSISO145922:20022 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 14592, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 ultimate aerobic biodegradation breakdown of a che

32、mical compound or organic matter by microorganisms, in the presence of oxygen, to carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) and the production of new biomass NOTE Total mineralization may be different from ultimate aerobic biodegradation in that total min

33、eralization includes secondary mineralization of biosynthesis products. The kinetics may therefore deviate from first-order kinetics in particular towards the end of the experiment. In this part of ISO 14592, primary aerobic biodegradation is determined when using substance specific analysis and tot

34、al mineralization when using radiolabelled compounds. 3.1.2 primary biodegradation structural change (transformation) of a chemical compound by microorganisms resulting in the loss of a specific property of that compound 3.1.3 biochemical oxygen demand BOD mass concentration of dissolved oxygen cons

35、umed under specified conditions by the aerobic biological oxidation of a chemical compound or organic matter in water NOTE It is expressed in this case as milligrams of oxygen uptake per milligram or gram of test compound. 3.1.4 dissolved organic carbon DOC part of the organic carbon in a sample of

36、water which cannot be removed by specified phase separation NOTE Phase separation may be obtained, for example, by centrifugation of the water sample at 40 000 m/s 2for 15 min or by membrane-filtration using membranes with pores of 0,45 m diameter. 3.1.5 lag phase t lagcontinuous flow-through test s

37、ystem time from the start of a test until significant biodegradation (about 10 % of the maximum level) can be measured NOTE Lag phase is expressed in days. 3.1.6 degree of biodegradation continuous flow-through test system mean biodegraded amount of a test compound, calculated from the measured conc

38、entrations in the inlet and the outlet of the system NOTE The degree of biodegradation is determined when no further degradation can be measured and is expressed as a percentage. 3.1.7 steady state continuous flow-through test system with constant input state where the concentration of a test compou

39、nd remains constant at any place and time BSISO145922:2002 33.1.8 primary substrate major carbon and energy source which is essential for growth or maintenance of microorganisms 3.1.9 secondary substrate substrate component present at such low concentrations, that by its degradation, only insignific

40、ant amounts of carbon and energy are supplied to the competent microorganisms, as compared to the carbon and energy supplied by their degradation of primary substrates 3.1.10 degradation rate constant k rate constant for first order or pseudo first order kinetics which indicates the rate at which de

41、gradation processes NOTE 1 The degradation rate constant is expressed as the inverse of days (d 1 ). NOTE 2 For a batch experiment, k is estimated from the initial part of the degradation curve obtained after the end of the lag phase. For a continuously operating test system, k can be estimated from

42、 a mass balance for the reactor using data collected under steady-state conditions. 3.1.11 degradation half-life T 1/2characteristic of the rate of a first-order reaction and corresponds to the time interval necessary for the concentration to decrease by a factor of two NOTE 1 The degradation half-l

43、ife is expressed in days (d). NOTE 2 The degradation half-life and the degradation rate constant are related by the following equation: T 1/2= ln2/k NOTE 3 The degradation half-life T 1/2for first-order reactions should not be confused with the half-life time, T 50 , which is often used to describe

44、the environmental behaviour of pesticides and which is simply the time to reach 50 % of total biodegradation. The half-life time T 50may be derived from degradation curves without making assumptions about the kinetics. 3.2 Symbols Symbol Description Units b width of a single tray metres (m) c 1)resi

45、dual molar concentration of the test compound micromole per litre (mol/l) c 0initial molar concentration of the test compound in the inlet of tray 1 micromole per litre (mol/l) c nfinal molar concentration of the test compound in the outlet of tray n micromole per litre (mol/l) D s degree of biodegr

46、adation percentage 1) In ISO 31-8-13:1992, c is defined as the symbol for “molar concentration”, expressed in moles per litre and in ISO 31-8-11.2:1992, is defined as the symbol for “mass concentration”, expressed in kilograms per litre. Note that in ISO 31, “concentration“ of the test compound in s

47、olution is expressed in two ways: “” refers to the mass of the test compound per unit volume; “c” is specifically used to mean the number of moles of the test compound per unit volume. BSISO145922:20024 d depth of the layer of water above the glass beads metres (m) r drate of biodegradation microgra

48、ms per litre per day g/(ld) k eff biodegradation rate constant inverse days (d 1 ) n number of the final tray S free flow cross-section of a single tray square metres (m 2 ) T 1/2 degradation half-life days (d) q Vvolume flow rate cubic metres per day (m 3 /d) v xaxial flow speed metres per day (m/d

49、) x n distance between tray 1 and tray n metres (m) 1)residual mass concentration of the test compound micrograms per litre (g/l) b biomass mass concentration micrograms per litre (g/l) 0initial mass concentration of the test compound in the inlet of tray 1 micrograms per litre (g/l) nfinal mass concentration of the test compound in the outlet of tray n micrograms per litre (