BS EN 10319-1-2003 Metallic materials Tensile stress relaxation testing Procedure for testing machines《金属材料 拉伸应力松弛试验 试验机规程》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 10319-1:2003Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Metallic materials Tensile stress relaxation testing Part 1: Procedure for testing machinesThe European Standard EN 10319-1:2003 has the status of a British StandardICS 77.040.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37

2、g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 10319-1:2003Incorporatingcorrigenda October 2003 (No. 1) and June 2016BS EN 10319-1:2003ISBN 978 0 580 94830 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since public

3、ationAmd. No. Date Comments14700Corrigendum No. 11 October 2003 addition of supersession details30 June 2016 Formatting errors correctedThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 June 2003 The British Standards Institution 2016. Publi

4、shed by BSI Standards Limited 2016National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 10319-1:2003. It supersedes BS 3500-6:1969 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee ISE/101, Test methods for testing, to Subcommittee ISE/10

5、1/1, Uniaxial testing.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard can

6、not confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 10319-1June 2003ICS 77.040.10English versionMetallic materials - Tensile stress relaxation testing - Part 1:Procedure for testing machinesMatriaux mtalliques - Essai de relaxation en traction -Partie 1: Mode

7、 opratoire pour machines dessaiMetallische Werkstoffe - Relaxationsversuch unterZugbeanspruchung - Teil 1: Prfverfahren fr dieAnwendung in PrfmaschinenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate

8、 the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in t

9、hree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austr

10、ia, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR

11、 NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 10319-1:2003 EEN 10319-1:2003 (E)2ContentsPageForeword31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions44 Sym

12、bols and designations .65 Principle76 Apparatus .76.1 Testing machine.76.2 Extension measuring device 76.3 Heating device76.3.1 Permissible temperature deviations 76.3.2 Temperature measurement.86.3.3 Calibration of the thermocouples and temperature measuring system 87 Test pieces97.1 Shape and dime

13、nsions97.2 Preparation .97.3 Determination of the original cross-sectional area108 Test procedure .108.1 Determination of the modulus of elasticity at ambient temperature108.2 Heating of the test piece .108.3 Application of the total strain .108.4 Maintaining of strain118.5 Records.118.5.1 Temperatu

14、re .118.5.2 Residual stress.118.5.3 Time.118.5.4 Stress relaxation curve .118.6 Termination of test.118.7 Test interruption 119 Accuracy of the results .129.1 Expression of the results129.2 Uncertainty .1210 Test report 12Annex A (informative) Information concerning different types of thermocouples1

15、6Annex B (informative) Information concerning methods of calibration of thermocouples17Bibliography 18BS EN 10319-1:2003EN 10319-1:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 10319-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1 “Steel - Mechanicaltests”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR

16、.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by December 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby December 2003.This European Standard consists of the following

17、parts under the general title Metallic materials Tensile stressrelaxation testingPart 1: Procedure for testing machinesPart 2: Procedure for model boltsAnnexes A and B are for informative.This document includes a bibliography.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards

18、organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Ki

19、ngdom.BS EN 10319-1:2003EN 10319-1:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the test method for the determination of relaxation of stress of metallic testpieces subjected throughout the test to nominally constant strain and constant temperature conditions.2 Normative referencesThis European

20、Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply

21、to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 10002-4:1994, Metallic materials - Tensile test - Part 4: Verification of extensometers used in uniaxial testing.

22、EN ISO 7500-1:1999, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1:Tension/compression testing machines (ISO 7500-1:1999).3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1gauge lengthprescribed part of th

23、e test piece on which extension measurements are madeDistinction is made between:3.1.1original gauge length (Lo)gauge length before the test piece is heated and strained3.1.2extensometer gauge length (Le)distance between the measuring points of the extensometerNOTE In some cases, Le = Lo.3.1.3refere

24、nce length (Lr)base length used for the calculation of the strainNOTE See also Figure 2b.3.2parallel length (Lc)length of the parallel reduced section of the test piece3.3original cross-sectional area (So)cross-sectional area of the parallel length determined at ambient temperature prior to testing3

25、.4extensionincrease in the extensometer gauge length (Le) or, if LrLe, in the reference length (Lr)BS EN 10319-1:2003EN 10319-1:2003 (E)53.5strainextension divided by the extensometer gauge length (Le) or, if LrLe, by the reference length (Lr)3.5.1total strain (t)strain applied to the test piece at

26、any time, t, during the testNOTE Total strain is the sum of elastic and plastic strain, see Figure 1.3.5.2initial total strain (to)strain applied to the test piece at the commencement of the test3.6stressat any time during the test, force divided by the original cross-sectional area (So) of the test

27、 pieceDistinction is made between:3.6.1initial stress ( )stress at the commencement of the test3.6.2residual stress (rt)value to which the stress in the test piece has relaxed, at any time, t, during the testBS EN 10319-1:2003EN 10319-1:2003 (E)64 Symbols and designationsThe symbols and correspondin

28、g designations are given in Table 1.Table 1 - Symbols and designationsReferencenumberaSymbol Unit Designation1 d mm Diameter of the cross-section of the parallel length of a cylindrical testpiece2 Lomm Original gauge length3 Lcmm Parallel length4 Lemm Extensometer gauge length5 r mm Transition radiu

29、s6 Lrmm Reference lengthSomm Original cross-sectional area of the parallel length7toInitial total strain8 MPabInitial stress9rtMPa Residual stress at time t10tTotal strain11 t0End of the application of the initial total strain12 t Time from the end of the application of the initial total strain13 St

30、ress14eoInitial elastic strain15poInitial plastic strain16ptPlastic strain for residual stress rtat time t17etElastic strain for residual stress rtat time t- T C Specified temperature- TIC Indicated temperature- n ExponentaSee Figures 1 and 2.b1 MPa = 1 N/mm.BS EN 10319-1:2003EN 10319-1:2003 (E)75 P

31、rincipleThe test consists of maintaining a test piece at a specified temperature, subjecting to a constant tensile strain atthis temperature and determining values of the residual stress in the test piece, either continuously or at suitabletimes throughout the test.NOTE See 8.7 regarding the re-star

32、ting of a test after interruption.6 Apparatus6.1 Testing machineThe machine shall apply a force along the axis of the test piece in such a way that inadvertent bending or torsion ofthe test piece reduced to a minimum.The force shall be applied to the test piece without shock.NOTE It is recommended t

33、hat the machine be isolated from external vibration and shock.The testing machine shall be verified and shall meet the requirements of at least class 1 in accordance with ENISO 7500-1:1999.The type of machine (e.g. servo-controlled electro-mechanic, servo-controlled hydraulic or sliding weight machi

34、ne)shall be indicated in the test report.6.2 Extension measuring deviceThe extension shall be measured using an extensometer which meets the bias requirements of at least class 1 inaccordance with EN 10002-4:1994 and a resolution lower than or equal to one tenth of this bias value.The extensometer s

35、hall be calibrated at intervals not exceeding 3 years. If the predicted test time exceeds the dateof the expiry of the calibration certificate, the extensometer shall be calibrated prior to commencement of therelaxation test.The extensometer gauge length depends upon the performance characteristics

36、of the extensometry used tomeasure the strain. A minimum gauge length of 100 mm is recommended. If insufficient material is available,shorter gauge lengths may be used provided that the extensometry used has a sufficient resolution. The use ofshorter gauge lengths shall be recorded in the test repor

37、t. The extensometer should be able to measure theextension on two opposite sides of the test piece. Side contact extensometry is permitted; where used this shall bereported in the test report.NOTE When measured on the opposite sides, the average extension should be reported.6.3 Heating device6.3.1 P

38、ermissible temperature deviationsThe heating device shall heat the test piece to the specified temperature (T).The permitted deviations between the indicated temperature, Ti,and the specified temperature, T, and themaximum admissible temperature gradient shall be as given in Table 2. The temperature

39、 gradient is the maximumdifference between the temperatures indicated by the measuring thermocouples attached to the test piece.BS EN 10319-1:2003EN 10319-1:2003 (E)8Table 2 - Permitted deviations between Tiand T and maximum admissible temperature gradientSpecified temperature TCPermitted deviation

40、between Tiand TCMaximum admissibletemperature gradientCT 600 3 2600 T 800 4 3800 T 1 000 5 3For specified temperatures greater than 1 000 C, the permitted values shall be defined by agreement between theparties concerned.The indicated temperatures (Ti) are the temperatures measured at the surface of

41、 the parallel length of the testpiece, errors from all sources being taken into account.The parts of the extensometer outside the furnace shall be designed and protected in such a way that thetemperature variations in the air around the furnace do not significantly affect the measurements.In any cas

42、e, the variations in temperature of the air surrounding the test machine should not exceed 3 C.NOTE If this range is exceeded, corrections for ambient temperature variations should be applied.6.3.2 Temperature measurement6.3.2.1 GeneralTemperature indicator shall have an accuracy (sensitivity) of at

43、 least 0,5 C and the temperature measuringequipment shall have an accuracy of 1 C.6.3.2.2 Number of thermocouplesFor test pieces with a parallel length less than or equal to 50 mm, at least two thermocouples should be used. Fortest pieces with a parallel length greater than 50 mm, at least three the

44、rmocouples should be used. In all cases, athermocouple should be placed at each end of the parallel length and, if a third is used it shall be placed in themiddle region of the parallel length.6.3.2.3 ThermocouplesIn all cases, thermocouple junction shall make good thermal contact with the surface o

45、f the test piece and shall bescreened from direct radiation from the heating source. The remaining portions of the wires within the furnace shallbe thermally shielded and electrically insulated.6.3.3 Calibration of the thermocouples and temperature measuring systemNOTE Information concerning differe

46、nt types of thermocouples is given in annex A.6.3.3.1 Calibration of thermocouplesThermocouples in use for test durations of less than one year should be calibrated at least every 12 months.Thermocouples in use for test durations greater than 12 months should be calibrated before and after the test.

47、NOTE 1 Changes in the output of a thermocouple after calibration can be due not only to chemical changes leading to drift,but also as a consequence of, for example, physical damage; information on such changes should be recorded and should beavailable on request.NOTE 2 If it is demonstrated that the

48、 drift of the thermocouple does not affect the permissible temperature deviationsspecified in 6.3.1, the period between two calibrations can be longer.NOTE 3 Thermocouple drift is dependent on the type of thermocouple used and the exposure duration at temperature.BS EN 10319-1:2003EN 10319-1:2003 (E

49、)9NOTE 4 If the drift affects permissible temperature deviations, either more frequent calibrations should be carried out or acorrection for drift may be made to the temperature indicated by the thermocouple.NOTE 5 Information concerning methods of calibration of thermocouples is given in annex B.If it is rewelded, the thermocouple shall be recalibrated.It shall be demonstrated that the error of the thermocouple used has been established either at the testtemperature or is typical for a range containing the test temperature.6.3.3.2 Calibration of the temperat