AWS D8 14M-2008 Specification for Automotive Weld Quality- Arc Welding of Aluminum (Second Edition)《汽车焊接质量规范 铝的电弧焊 第2版》.pdf

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1、AWS D8.14M:2008An American National StandardSpecificationfor AutomotiveWeld QualityArc Welding ofAluminum550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS D8.14M:2008An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJune 23, 2008Specification forAutomotive Weld QualityArc Weld

2、ing of Aluminum2nd EditionSupersedes AWS D8.14M/D8.14:2000Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification covers the arc welding of automotive a

3、nd light truck components that are manufactured from aluminumalloys.iiAWS D8.14M:2008International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-665-1American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2008 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy

4、 Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educati

5、onal classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS

6、D8.14M:2008Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theA

7、merican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the

8、 statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes th

9、e AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteer

10、s representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments

11、contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes

12、 no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed

13、by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard

14、 and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users

15、of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standa

16、rd, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by

17、 sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex D).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning

18、AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo

19、 not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D8 Co

20、mmittee on Automotive Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, ordeletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed toAWS Headqu

21、arters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Weldingand the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited toattend all meetings of the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Welding to express their co

22、mments verbally. Proceduresfor appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the TechnicalActivities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeuneRoad, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intention

23、ally blank.ivAWS D8.14M:2008vAWS D8.14M:2008PersonnelAWS D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingJ. C. Bohr, Chair General MotorsW. H. Brafford, 1st Vice Chair Tuffaloy Products, IncorporatedD. R. Kolodziej, 2nd Vice Chair Ford Motor CompanyA. M. Alonso, Secretary American Welding SocietyI. Accorsi Chrysl

24、er LLCG. Armstrong Yachiyo of Ontario Manufacturing, IncorporatedT. Coon Ford Motor CompanyJ. Dolfi RetiredD. L. Galiher Tower AutomotiveC. Jiang AET Integration, IncorporatedS. C. Kelley ArcelorMittalD. P. Kelly Fusion Welding SolutionsT. W. Morrissett Roman EngineeringJ. S. Noruk Servo Robot Corpo

25、rationW. F. Qualls ConsultantM. D. Tumuluru U.S. Steel CorporationAdvisor to the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingJ. F. Hinrichs Friction Stir Link, IncorporatedAWS D8C Subcommittee on Automotive Arc WeldingJ. S. Noruk, Chair Servo Robot CorporationA. M. Alonso, Secretary American Welding Socie

26、tyB. Allen BMW Manufacturing CorporationG. Armstrong Yachiyo of Ontario Manufacturing, IncorporatedJ. C. Bohr General MotorsR. Carlson General MotorsB. Christy Alcan International LimitedR. M. Dull Edison Welding InstituteB. J. Farkas Maxal, IncorporatedM. D. Gartner ConsultantK. W. Gerhart General

27、ElectricM. Hebert General MotorsA. P. Lee Dofasco, IncorporatedG. E. Livingston Budd Canada, IncorporatedT. Lowe Spec-Weld Technologies, IncoporatedW. A. Marttila Chrysler LLCH. R. Mistry Cosma Engineering of AmericaM. P. Morgan The Lincoln Electric CompanyA. F. Nikodym ITWHobart Brothers CompanyI.

28、Stol Alcoa, IncorporatedM. D. Tumuluru U.S. Steel CorporationviAWS D8.14M:2008Advisors to the AWS D8C Subcommittee on Automotive Arc WeldingE. T. Hetrick Ford Motor CompanyJ. F. Hinrichs Friction Stir Link, IncorporatedviiAWS D8.14M:2008ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS D8.14M:2008, Specifica

29、tion for Automotive Weld QualityArc Welding of Aluminum, but is included for informational purposes only.This specification supersedes D8.14M/D8.14:2000, Specification for Automotive and Light Truck Components WeldQualityAluminum Arc Welding, and was revised and enhanced by the D8C Subcommittee on A

30、utomotive Arc Weld-ing of the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Welding. This edition makes sole use of the International System ofUnits (SI).Recent changes in automotive design caused by the desire to reduce fuel consumption have resulted in new automotivestructures being made of aluminum. This specif

31、ication was undertaken to prepare minimum standards for manual, auto-matic, and robotic arc welding of aluminum components associated with the body and supporting structural memberssuch as body panels, bumpers, frames, space frames, cradles, wheels, drive shafts, and suspensions.One objective of the

32、 committee was to prepare a specification that could be used by smaller suppliers of automotivecomponents, who generally have no standards of their own for minimum arc welding quality.All revisions to the 2000 edition are identified by a vertical line in the margin next to the text.Comments and sugg

33、estions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Welding, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS D8.14M:2008ixAWS D8.14M:2008Table of ContentsPage No.Person

34、nelvForeword viiList of Tables xList of Figures.x1. Scope.12. Normative References .13. Terms and Definitions.14. General Provisions 24.1 Application24.2 Welding Processes 34.3 Material.34.4 Surface Condition of Aluminum.34.5 Joint Considerations34.6 Welding Equipment 34.7 Welding Procedure .34.8 Fi

35、ller Metals34.9 Shielding Gases.34.10 Welding Symbols34.11 Types of Weld Joints and Applicable Welds34.12 Classification of Welds.55. Requirements.75.1 Weld Length .75.2 Weld Location.75.3 Weld Size75.4 Weld Quality.95.5 Rework of Discrepant Welds11Annex A (Informative)Aluminum Filler Alloys for Arc

36、 Welding of Automotive Components .13Annex B (Informative)Methods to be Used for the Rework of Discrepant Welds15Annex C (Informative)Informative References17Annex D (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries 19List of AWS Documents on Automotive Welding.21xAWS D8.14M:2008Lis

37、t of TablesTable Page No.1 Aluminum Filler Metal Selection Guide for Structural Automotive Components.42 Weld Evaluation Cross Section Report 10A.1 Shear Strength.13List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 Minimum Acceptable Leg Length Requirements in a Lap Joint12 Examples of Discontinuities Found in Arc We

38、lds23 Example of Notching at End of Weld.24 Suck-Back in Sheet Fillet Weld25 Suck-Back in Overhead Groove Weld26 Minimum Weld Flange Dimensions for Lap Welds.37 Convex Fillet Weld Measurement 58 Single V-Groove WeldPartial Joint Penetration.59 Flare-V-Groove Weld .510 Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld.511A Ar

39、c Plug Weld ProfileConvexity611B Arc Plug Weld ProfileDepth of Fusion.611C Arc Plug Weld ProfileDepth of Fill611D Arc Plug Weld Geometry .612 Single Fillet Weld in a Slot.613 Double Fillet Weld in a Slot .714 Convex and Concave Fillet Welds815 Groove Weld Size.9AWS D8.14M:200811. ScopeThe purpose of

40、 this specification is to provide the mini-mum acceptance criteria for arc welding of various typesof structural automotive parts made of aluminum for pas-senger cars, light trucks, and other types of vehicles.This standard makes sole use of the International Systemof Units (SI).Safety and health is

41、sues may not be fully addressed bythis standard. Users of this standard should consult ANSIZ49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes,applicable federal, state, and local regulations and otherrelevant documents concerning safety and health issuesnot addressed herein.2. Normative Referen

42、cesThe following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute mandatory pro-visions of this AWS standard. For undated references,the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply.For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revi-sions of, any of these p

43、ublications do not apply.AWS documents:1AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions,Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Solder-ing, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying; andAWS A5.10/A5.10M, Specification for Bare Aluminumand Aluminum-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods.1 AWS document

44、s are published by the American WeldingSociety, 550 N. W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.3. Terms and DefinitionsAll of the terms in this clause are used in various parts of thisdocument and require definitions for correct interpretationof the instructions. Most of these terms are not containedin AWS

45、 A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions,Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Solder-ing, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying. Some ofthe terms are listed in AWS A3.0 but their definitionshave been enhanced to clarify their use in this document.discrepant weld. A weld differing from

46、 the require-ments of this standard. Even though this weld differs, itstill may have useful engineering properties.effective weld length. That portion of a weld meeting allthe minimum acceptance requirements of the specification.gap. The distance or air space between two base compo-nents (see Figure

47、 1). Note: For butt weld joints, this dis-tance can be referred to as the root opening.meltback. This occurs where the base metal melts backfrom an edge, but does not become part of the weld. Thiscondition leaves a void between the weld deposit and thebase metal (see Figure 2).Specification for Auto

48、motive Weld QualityArc Welding of AluminumFigure 1Minimum Acceptable LegLength Requirements in a Lap JointMinimum Acceptable Leg Lengths:L1= 0.9 T1L2= 0.9 T1+ GAPT1= Thickness ofT1= thinner sheetAWS D8.14M:20082notching. Gouging of the base metal at the ends or edgeof the welded joint (see Figure 3)

49、.skip. An unwelded portion of a designated weld (seeFigure 2).suck-back. A concave surface on the side of the basemetal opposite the point of weld metal application. This isillustrated in Figures 4 and 5. Note: AWS A3.0, StandardWelding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms forAdhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting,and Thermal Spraying, refers to suck-back as “a non-standard term when used for underfill at the root surface.”4. General Provisions4.1 Application4.1.1 This specification is applicable to the design andmanufacture of passenger car, light truck, and