ASTM F1686-1997(2003) Standard Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions on Shorelines《评定和确认海岸线注油条件测量的标准指南》.pdf
《ASTM F1686-1997(2003) Standard Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions on Shorelines《评定和确认海岸线注油条件测量的标准指南》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM F1686-1997(2003) Standard Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions on Shorelines《评定和确认海岸线注油条件测量的标准指南》.pdf(5页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: F 1686 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Guide forSurveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions onShorelines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers field procedures by which data maybe collected in a systematic manner to document and asse
3、ss theoiling conditions on shorelines.1.2 This guide does not address the terminology that is usedto define and describe shoreline oiling conditions, the ecologi-cal character of oiled shorelines, or the cultural or otherresources that may be present.1.3 The guide is applicable to marine coasts (inc
4、ludingestuaries) and may also be used in freshwater environments(rivers and lakes).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated
5、with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices for Describingthe Oilin
6、g Conditions of ShorelinesF 1779 Practice for Reporting Visual Observations of Oil onWater3. Significance and Use3.1 Systematic surveys provide data on shoreline conditionsfrom which informed planning and operational decisions maybe developed with respect to shoreline cleanup.3.2 Surveys may include
7、 one or more of three components,listed below. The scale of the affected area and the availabilityof pre-spill information will influence the selection of surveycomponents and the level of detail (1).33.3 The aerial reconnaissance survey provides a perspectiveon the overall extent and general nature
8、 of the shoreline oilingconditions. This information is used in conjunction withenvironmental, resource, and cultural sensitivity data to evalu-ate which areas require a response and the priorities of theresponse operations.3.4 The aerial videotape survey(s) provide systematic audioand video documen
9、tation of the extent and type of shorelineoiling conditions, physical shoreline character, and potentialaccess restrictions (2).3.5 The ground assessment survey(s) provide the necessaryinformation and data to develop appropriate shoreline responserecommendations. A field team(s) collects detailed in
10、formationon shoreline oil conditions, the physical and ecological char-acter of oiled shorelines, and resources or cultural features thatmay affect or be affected by the timing or implementation ofresponse activities (2).3.6 In order to ensure data consistency it is important to usestandardized term
11、inology and definitions in describing oilingconditions, as provided in Guide F 1687.4. General Considerations4.1 The specific survey procedures and the magnitude of thedata sets collected will vary with the scale of the spill (thelength and distribution of oiled shoreline and quantity of oil),the na
12、ture or complexity of the shoreline, and the needs of theresponse organization (3).44.2 Following a spill in which only a few kilometers ofcoast have been oiled, one ground survey team may be able toaccomplish all of the goals in an appropriate time frame.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of AST
13、M Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.17 on Shoreline Countermasters.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1997. Published April 1997. Originallypublished as F 1686 96. Last previous edition F 1686 96.2For referenced ASTM standa
14、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis s
15、tandard.4Owens, E. H., and Sergy, G. A., Field Guide to the Documentation andDescription of Oiled Shorelines, ISBN 0-662-22048-X, Environment Canada,Edmonton, Alta., 1994.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 As the sca
16、le of the affected area increases, it may benecessary to conduct an aerial videotape survey that is fol-lowed by a ground assessment using one or more teams.4.4 Following spills that affect long sections of coast (forexample, more than 100 km), the sequence of an initial aerialreconnaissance, an aer
17、ial videotape survey and ground assess-ment surveys may be necessary to satisfy planning andoperational requirements in a timely manner (2).4.5 Each of the three stages requires a separate surveydesign, the assignment of duties to personnel, logistics plan-ning, and the establishment of survey and d
18、ocumentationprocedures.4.6 All surveys are conducted during the lowest one-quarterto one-third of the tidal cycle to ensure maximum (viewing)exposure of the intertidal zone (1).5. Segmentation5.1 The coast is divided into working units called segments,within which the shoreline character is relative
19、ly homogeneousin terms of physical features and sediment type.5.2 Each segment is assigned a unique location identifier(for example, an alpha-numeric code).5.3 Segment boundaries can be either prominent geologicalfeatures (headlands, streams, etc.), changes in shore/substratetypes, or, more importan
20、tly, alongshore changes in oil condi-tions.5.4 Segment lengths are short enough to obtain adequateresolution and detail on the distribution of the oil for planningand operational decisions. Most segments of oiled shorelineswould be in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 km.5.5 If segments already exist as part
21、of a pre-spill planningexercise or sensitivity mapping database, segment boundariesmay need to be adapted, segments subdivided, or the segmentcodes revised, or some combination thereof, to reflect theoiling conditions created by a spill.6. Aerial Reconnaissance Survey(s)6.1 An initial aerial survey(
22、s) is conducted along coastlineswithin the spill path. The objective is to determine whichshorelines have been oiled, in order to provide an overallperspective and scale with which to plan for a more systematicdocumentation or assessment survey.6.2 This survey can be augmented with information from
23、ahigh-altitude surveillance and tracking program. In some casesthis survey can be combined with other aerial reconnaissanceactivities being conducted to locate and visually observe oil onwater (Practice F 1779) (2).6.3 Fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft fly the coast atslow-speed flight at altitudes
24、 in the range of 75 to 150 m.Helicopters are preferred over fixed-wing aircraft, as theypermit landings to confirm observations made from the air.Among fixed-wing aircraft, those with the wing mountedabove the fuselage (high-wing aircraft) are essential to allowthe required visibility of shoreline f
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
5000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ASTMF168619972003STANDARDGUIDEFORSURVEYSTODOCUMENTANDASSESSOILINGCONDITIONSONSHORELINES 评定 确认 海岸线 注油

链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-535402.html