ASTM F1550-2010 Test Method for Determination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Components or Composites of Mattresses or Furniture for Use in Correctional Facilities after .pdf

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1、Designation:F155005 Designation: F1550 10Standard Test Method forDetermination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics ofComponents or Composites of Mattresses or Furniture forUse in Correctional Facilities after Exposure to Vandalism,by Employing a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter1This stand

2、ard is issued under the fixed designation F1550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editori

3、al change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIn correctional occupancies, vandalism of mattresses or furniture occurs with significant frequency.After such vandalism, it is possible that the filling material (foam or other padding) of the mattress orfurniture becomes exposed. If the m

4、attress or furniture filling material is exposed, it is possible for aproduct which meets prescribed fire-test-response characteristics in its intact state to perform in adecidedly less satisfactory manner. This standard test method provides a means for measuring, inbench scale, fire-test-response c

5、haracteristics of composite upholstered components of mattresses orfurniture, for use in correctional facilities, after having been vandalized in a prescribed manner so asto expose the filling material, using an oxygen consumption calorimeter.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response test method is design

6、ed for use to determine various fire-test-response characteristics, includingignitability and heat release rate, from composites of mattresses or furniture, or correctional facilities, which have been vandalizedin a prescribed manner to expose the filling material, by using a bench scale oxygen cons

7、umption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurements of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release,and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m2. See 5.7 for limitations.1.3 The apparatus used in this test method is also

8、 capable of determining heat release data at different heat fluxes.1.4 The specimen is oriented horizontally and a spark ignition source is used.1.5 All fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and the procedures described in Test Method E1354.1.6 The tests are done on b

9、ench-scale specimens combining the mattress or furniture outer layer components. Frame elementsare not included.1.7 The vandalism is simulated by causing a prescribed cut on the outer layer of the composite, deep enough to expose the fillingmaterial to the incident radiation.1.8The values stated in

10、SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontro

11、lled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

12、 responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see Section 7.1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous.Adequate safeguards for personnel and prope

13、rty shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on Detention and Correctional Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F33.05 onFurnishings and Equipment.Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Or

14、iginally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F155001. DOI: 10.1520/F1550-05.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1550 05. DOI:10.1520/F1550-10.1This document is not an ASTM stand

15、ard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases

16、 only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesE1

17、76 Terminology of Fire StandardsE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or CompositesUsing a Bench Scale Oxygen

18、 Consumption CalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabularyISO 4880 Burning Behavior of Textiles and Textile ProductsVocabulary2.3 California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Therm

19、al Insulation Standards:4CA Technical Bulletin 129 (October 1992), Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 (January 1991). Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For de

20、finitions of terms used in this test method and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminology contained inTerminology E176 and in ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the terminology in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with text

21、ile issues, refer to the terminology contained inTerminology D123 and in ISO 4880. In case of conflict, the terminology in Terminology D123 shall prevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 effective heat of combustion, nmeasured heat release divided by the mass loss for a speci

22、fied time period.3.2.2 heat release rate, nheat evolved from the specimen, expressed per unit area of exposed specimen area per unit of time.3.2.3 heating flux, nprescribed incident flux imposed externally from the heater onto the specimen at the initiation of the test.3.2.4 ignitability, npropensit

23、y for ignition, as measured by the time to sustained flaming at a specified heating flux.3.2.5 mattress, nmattress is a ticking (outermost layer of fabric or related material) filled with a resilient material used aloneor in combination with other products intended or promoted for sleeping upon.3.2.

24、6 net heat of combustion, noxygen bomb calorimeter value for the heat of combustion, corrected for the gaseous state ofproduct water.3.2.7 orientation, nplane in which the exposed face of the specimen is located during testing, which is horizontal facing upfor this test.3.2.8 oxygen consumption prin

25、ciple, nexpression of the relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released.3.2.9 sustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of4sormore.3.2.10 upholstered, ncovered with material (as fabric or padding) to provide a

26、soft surface.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is based on the observation that, generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to the amount ofoxygen required for combustion (1).5Approximately 13.1 3 103kJ of energy are released as heat for each kg of oxygen consumed.Specimen

27、s in the test are burned in ambient air conditions, while being subjected to a prescribed external heating flux of 35 kW/m2.4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement of the oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen concentrationand the flow rate in the combustion product stream, as

28、 described in Test Method E1354.4.3 The primary measurements are oxygen concentration and exhaust gas flow rate, used to calculate heat release. Additionalmeasurements include the mass loss rate of the specimen, the time to sustained flaming, and the effective heat of combustion.Ignitability is dete

29、rmined by measuring the time for initial exposure to time of sustained flaming of the specimen.4.4 In order to simulate vandalism, the outer layers of the composite to be tested are cut across the surface, in the form of anX, to expose the interior filling material.4.5 The procedure in this test met

30、hod is identical to that in Test Method E1474, except for the slashing of the surface of thespecimen prior to testing.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer

31、to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.4Available from California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation, State of California, Depart

32、ment of Consumer Affairs, 3485 Orange Grove Avenue, NorthHighlands, CA 95660-5595.5The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.F1550 1025. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to determine various fire-test-response characteris

33、tics, including the time to sustainedflaming and the heat release rate, of composites exposed to a prescribed heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus, after they havebeen vandalized in a prescribed manner, to expose the filling material.5.2 It is clearly impossible to predict the manner in which

34、 a mattress or furniture will be vandalized. The objective of this testmethod is to develop data indicating the effect of violating the integrity of the fabric (or fabric-interliner) protection and exposingthe padding to the source of heat (see Appendix X3).5.3 Quantitative heat release measurements

35、 provide information which is useful for product design and product development,for mattresses or furniture destined for correctional occupancies.5.4 Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by giving a quantitative measure of specificchanges in fire performance c

36、aused by component and composite modifications. Heat release data from this method will not bepredictive of product behavior if the product will not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest.5.5 The use of test specimens simulating vandalism allows the investigatio

37、n of the variation in response between the system asdesigned by the manufacturer and the way the system is occasionally present in actual use, with the filling material exposed to theincident energy.5.6 This test method allows alternative strategies to be employed for producing a product (mattress o

38、r upholstered furniture)with the required fire-test-response characteristics for the scenario under consideration.5.7 Limitations:5.7.1 The test data are invalid if any of the events in 5.7.1.1 or 5.7.1.2 occur.5.7.1.1 Explosive spalling.5.7.1.2 The specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to

39、touch the spark plug or swells up to the plane of the heater baseduring combustion.5.7.2 This test method is not applicable to ignition by cigarettes, or by any other smoldering source.5.7.3 The ignition source in this test method is a radiant energy source of relatively high intensity (35 kW/m inci

40、dent flux). Ithas been shown that this source models well, for furniture composites, a full scale source equivalent to five sheets of newspaper(2). It has also been shown that upholstered furniture and mattresses, particularly in public occupancies, are, on occasion, involvedin fires after exposure

41、to flaming ignition sources, However, it is not known what fraction of actual flaming mattress or furniturefires occur with ignitions more or less intense than the one modeled here.5.7.4 It is not known whether the results of this test method will be equally valid when it is carried out under condit

42、ions differentfrom the specified ones. In particular, it is unclear whether the use of a different ignition source, or the same ignition source butat a different incident heat flux, will change relative results.5.7.5 The value of heat release rate corresponding to the critical limit between propagat

43、ing mattress fires and non-propagatingmattress fires is not known.5.7.6 It is not known what fraction of the vandalism that occurs is represented by the prescribed model used in this standard.However, the method described here is adequate to address one of the major objectives of the standard, namel

44、y investigate theeffect of the exposed filling material on the fire-test-response characteristics of the composite.6. Apparatus6.1 Use the apparatus described in Test Method E1354, also known as the cone calorimeter, for this test.7. Safety Precautions7.1 These test procedures involve high temperatu

45、res and combustion processes. Therefore, there is a potential hazard for burns,ignition of extraneous objects or clothing, and for inhalation of combustion products.7.2 The operator must use protective gloves for insertion and removal of the test specimens. The operator must refrain fromtouching eit

46、her the cone heater or the associated fixtures while hot, except with the use of protective gloves.8. Test Specimen Preparation (Method A)8.1 Equipment and Supplies for Specimen Preparation (3):8.1.1 Cutting EquipmentCut foams with a band saw. Use a foam-cutting blade. This blade has no teeth. Inste

47、ad, it has a wavyscallop to the edge. Ensure that the blade is well sharpened, and make certain that no silicones or other oils are applied to lubricatethe blade. Lubrication must be solely with graphite or molybdenum compounds. The band saw blade must make a straight and truecut of the foam; theref

48、ore, set the blade guide no higher than 12 mm above the stock to be cut.8.1.2 Forming BlocksThe specimen preparation rests crucially upon the proper use of forming blocks. These blocks are madein dimensions of 98 3 98 3 50 mm. Each of these dimensions must be controlled to 60.5 mm. As the material f

49、or the formingblocks, use a dense wood, such as maple, which is minimally subject to dimensional changes when the humidity is changed. Donot use pine. Use only fully kiln-dried timber for making the forming blocks. Ensure that all surfaces are cut straight and true andare smooth. Do not round the edges but slightly round the corners. It is preferable to lacquer the blocks with an acrylic lacquerto ensure a hard, smooth, stable surface. Make up a minimum of 12 blocks to allow a reasonable number of specimens to beprepared at the same time.F1550 1038.1.3 AdhesiveSe