ASTM E1480-1992(2004) Standard Terminology of Facility Management (Building-Related)《设备管理的标准术语(与建筑相关的)》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1480 92 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Terminology ofFacility Management (Building-Related)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology consists of terms and definitionspertaining to the description, measurement, pre

3、diction, im-provement, and management of buildings and building-relatedfacilities, and, in particular, terms related to the standardsgenerated by ASTM Committee E06 on Performance ofBuildings.1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meaningsand explanations of technical terms, written for b

4、oth thetechnical expert and the non-expert user.1.3 This terminology is one of a group of special terminolo-gies, subsidiary to the comprehensive terminology E 631.1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compoundterms appear in the natural spoken order. Where definitionsherein are adopted fro

5、m other sources, they are copied exactly.The source is identified at the right margin following thedefinition and is listed in Section 2. The equivalent term inFrench is listed in parentheses after the English term.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry

6、and Hydrom-etryE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE 1334 Practice for Preparing a Serviceability Rating of aBuilding or Facility3. Terminology3.1 Terms and Their Definitions:active hoursSee hours of operation.adjusted serviceability scoreSee serviceabil

7、ity score.ambient lightSee lighting.architectural program See facility program.areaSee space categories.as-built drawingSee drawing.assignable areaSee space categories.base building, n (immeuble de base)a general-purposeoffice building intended, but not yet adapted, to suit theoperational requiremen

8、ts of a specific tenant.DISCUSSIONFacility management is concerned primarily with theuse of office buildings as facilities. When other than office buildings aremeant, the term would be modified to, for example, warehouse basebuilding.basementSee space categories.brief (of a facility) See facility pr

9、ogram.building, n (btiment)a shelter comprising a partially ortotally enclosed space, erected by means of a plannedprocess of forming and combining materials. Comparebuilding construction. E 631building component, n (composant de btiment)a buildingelement using industrial products that are manufactu

10、red asindependent units capable of being joined with other ele-ments. E 631DISCUSSIONExamples include an air handling unit; a cooling tower;an electrical transformer; a door.building construction, n (construire de btiment)(1) the actor process of making or forming a building by assembly orcombining

11、elements, components or systems. (2) the struc-ture or part thereof so formed. Compare building. E 631building core and service areaSee space categories.building envelope, n (enveloppe dun immeuble)perimeterelements of a building, both above and below ground, thatdivide the external from the interna

12、l environment.DISCUSSIONCommonly included are exterior walls, windows,doors, roofs, and subfloors.building gross areaSee space categories.building occupantSee occupant.building performance, n (rendement ddifice)the behaviorin service of a construction as a whole, or of the buildingcomponents. Compar

13、e facility performance. E 631durability, n (dure)the capability of a building, assembly,component, product, or construction to maintain serviceabil-ity for at least a specified period of time. Compare facility1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Building

14、s and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25on Whole Buildings and Facilities.Current edition approved Oct 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1480 92 (1998)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww

15、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.dura

16、bility. E 631serviceability, n (fonctionnalit)the capability of a build-ing, assembly, component, product, or construction to per-form the function(s) for which it is designed or used, or both.Compare facility serviceability. E 1334building projection, n (saillie dun immeuble)pilaster, con-vector, b

17、aseboard heating unit, radiator, or other buildingelement located in the interior of a building wall thatprevents the use of that space for furniture, equipment,circulation, or other functions.building service areaPreferred term is building core andservice area. See space categories.building spaceSe

18、e space categories.building subsystem, n (sous-systme dimmeuble)complete, integrated set of parts that functions as a unitwithin the finished building. E 631building system, n (systme dimmeuble)collection ofequipment, facilities, and software designated to perform aspecific function. E 833capital co

19、st, n (cot en capital (frais dimmobilisations)costs of acquiring, substantially improving, expanding,changing the functional use of, or replacing, a building orbuilding system. E 833cellarSee space categories.circulation space See space categories.classes of buildings, adj (catgories dimmeubles)buil

20、dingscategorized by selected attributes concerning facility ser-viceability and bination of features, nSee featureof a ponentSee building component.criterionSee requirement statement.design programSee facility performance.drawing, n (dessin):record set drawing (as-built drawing), n (dessin delouvrag

21、e fini (dessin daprs excution)constructiondrawing revised to show changes made during the construc-tion process, usually based on marked-up prints, drawings,and other data furnished by the contractor.working drawing, n (dessin dexcution)detail drawing,usually produced by a draftsperson under directi

22、on of anarchitect, engineer, or other designer showing the form,quantity, and relationship of construction elements andmaterials and indicating their location, identification, grades,dimensions, and connections. E 631durabilitySee building performance.dwelling, n (logement)building designed or occup

23、ied as theliving quarters for one or more families or households.E 631engineering economics, n (conomie du gnie)applicationof engineering, mathematical, and economic techniques tothe economic evaluation of engineering alternatives. E 833evaluate, v (valuer (installations)(a facility) to assess theca

24、pability of a facility to perform the function(s) for whichit is designed, used, or required to be used.DISCUSSIONFacility evaluation includes the assessment of facilityperformance in use. Facility evaluation is a general term, whichincorporates a range of methods and levels of precision.evaluationS

25、ee facility evaluation.fabric, n (difice)of a building, all the elements, compo-nents, parts, and materials of a building, at any scale and ofany age. E 1334historic fabric, n (difice historique)those portions of thebuilding fabric that have historic significance. E 1334facility,n(facilit)a physical

26、 setting used to serve a specificpurpose. E 1334DISCUSSIONA facility may be within a building, or a wholebuilding, or a building plus its site and surrounding environment; or itmay be a construction that is not a building. The term encompasses boththe physical object and its use. Compare building.fa

27、cility durability , n(dure de facilit) of a facility, thecapability of a facility to maintain serviceability for at leasta specified period of time. Compare durabilityof abuilding. E 1334facility evaluation, ncomparison of the qualitative andquantitative results of judgments, observations, measure-m

28、ents, analyses, or other tests against performance criteriaestablished for a specified purpose, and to a specifiedprecision and reliability. (See also requirement statement.)Compare rating process. E 1334facility-in-service, n (installation en service)facility as com-pleted and operational; for exam

29、ple, an occupied building ora road in service.facility operator, n (exploitant dinstallations)organizationor agency having a contract with the owner or investor tooperate a facility.DISCUSSIONThe facility operator assumes responsibility aftercompletion of the implementation phase and during and afte

30、r thecommissioning phase.facility performance, n (rendement dinstallations)behaviorin service of a facility for a specified use.DISCUSSIONThe scope of this performance is of the facility as asystem, including its subsystems, components, and materials and theirinteractions such as acoustical, hydroth

31、ermal, air purity, and economic,and the relative importance of each performance requirement. E 631facility program, n (programme dinstallations):design program, n (programme de conception)(designbrief) document specifying what facilities will be providedto the occupants, and confirming to the owner

32、the require-ments for the facility.functional program, n (programme fonctionneldocumentthat specifies functional facility servicability requirements ofoccupants and owner.DISCUSSIONIt is normally prepared by the occupants or owner, ortheir consultant.project brief, n (expos de projet)document descri

33、bing therequired facility serviceability in detail sufficient for theproject to proceed.facility project brief (statement of work), n (expos de projetdinstallations (expos de travaux)document describingservices to be provided by the design consultant (architect,engineer, or interior designer) for a

34、facility, in detail suffi-cient for the design to proceed.E 1480 92 (2004)2DISCUSSIONIncluded is general project information specificallyrelated to the project, such as functional, technical, and designrequirements; time plan; cost plan; and technical design data. E 631facility servicability, n (fon

35、ctionnalit dinstallations)capability of a facility to perform the function(s) for whichit is designed, used, or required to be used. E 631facility serviceability profile, n (profil de fonctionnalitdinstallations)graphic display, usually as a bar chart, ofthe set of rating scores for aspects of the s

36、erviceability of afacility.DISCUSSIONUsed to summarize the functional capability of afacility for selected aspects of serviceability.facility use, n (utilisation dinstallations)functions and ac-tivities that take place in a facility. E 631feasibility study, n (tude de faisabilit)study of a plannedsc

37、heme or development, the practicality of its achievement,and its projected financial outcome.feature, n (lment caractristique)of a facility, a buildingelement, building component, building subsystem, unit offurnishing or equipment, or aspects of design, arrangement,form of color, which helps or hind

38、ers the satisfaction of arequirement for serviceability. E 1334DISCUSSIONA feature may be a physical feature or design feature, orboth. It may only have effect on meeting a requirement when someother feature is also present; for example, a wall with a specified soundtransmission coefficient may only

39、 have effect on meeting a requirementwhen sound above a specified level is produced in an adjacent bination of features, n (lments caractristiquescombin)of a facility, features which, when present to-gether in a facility, affect satisfying a requirement forserviceability. E 1334fit-up, n (amnagement

40、)alterations and improvements to thebase building and to the building systems including demo-lition, where required, to prepare the accommodation foroccupancy.floor, n (plancher)(in a building) supporting structure (gen-erally horizontal) and constituting the bottom level of eachstory. E 631floor ar

41、ea, n (superficie de plancher):gross floor area (superficie brute de plancher)entire areawithin the inside perimeter of the exterior walls.DISCUSSIONOnly courts and shafts not under the roof are excluded.E 631net floor area (superficie nette de plancher)that part of thegross floor area located withi

42、n occupiable space.DISCUSSIONAccessory areas and thicknesses of walls are excluded.E 631function, n (fonction)the action for which a person or thingis specially fitted or used or for which a thing exists.E 1334; Websters New Collegiate Dictionary (1980)functional, adj (fonctionnel)performing or able

43、 to perform aregular function; designed or developed chiefly from thepoint of view of use. E 1334; Websters New CollegiateDictionary (1980)functionality, adj (fonctionnalit)being suitable for a par-ticular use or function.functional program See facility program.functional requirement, nSee serviceab

44、ility requirement.function performance, nSee facility serviceability.glareSee lighting.gross floor areaSee floor area.guide for rating, n (guide dvaluation)a document whichexplains how to rate the serviceability of an existing orplanned facility for a specific purpose. A guide identifiestypical requ

45、irements and provides a rating scale for com-parison with the relevant combinations of features present inthe facility. E 1334historic fabricSee fabric.hours of operation, n (heures dexploitation):active hours, n (heures dactivit)times when a facility isnormally fully occupied and operational.silent

46、 hours, n (heures dinactivit)period when a facilityis essentially unoccupied and only security and buildingoperations staff are present.transitional hours, n (heures de transition)times in themorning after the first workers normally arrive, until afacility is fully operational, and in the evening fr

47、om the endof normal work until the occupants have left.house, n (maison)building intended in its entirety as adwelling. E 631importance factor, n (coefficient dimportance) of a facilityrequirement, a numerical indication of the relative impor-tance of a requirement for serviceability, expressed on a

48、scale of 0 to 9, with 0 being not related, 1 being relevant butleast important, and 9 being most important.DISCUSSIONThe scale of 0 to 9 has been selected for rating relativeimportance of requirements and for rating each combination of fea-tures. This does not imply that a scale of 0 to 9 should nec

49、essarily beused for purposes other than preparing a rating of serviceability offacilities. For example, this would not necessarily apply to question-naires used in general survey research about the built environment.lease (bail)contract between the owner of real property(lessor) and another party (lessee) for the possession and useof the property for a specified term in return for rent or