ASTM E1444-2005 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing《磁粉试验的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1444 05Standard Practice forMagnetic Particle Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1444; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind

2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements formagnetic particle examinatio

3、n used for the detection of surfaceor slightly subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material.Guide E 709 can be used in conjunction with this practice as atutorial.NOTE 1This Practice replaces MIL-STD-1949.1.2 The magnetic particle examination method is used todetect cracks, laps, seams, incl

4、usions, and other discontinuitieson or near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magneticparticle examination may be applied to raw material, billets,finished and semi-finished materials, welds, and in-serviceparts. Magnetic particle examination is not applicable tonon-ferromagnetic metals and al

5、loys such as austenitic stain-less steels. See Appendix X6 for additional information.1.3 All areas of this Practice may be open to agreementbetween the Cognizant Engineering Organization and thesupplier, or specific direction from the Cognizant EngineeringOrganization.1.4 This standard does not pur

6、port to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following docu

7、ments form a part of this standardpractice to the extent specified herein.2.2 ASTM Standards:2A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 456 Specification for Magnetic Particle Inspection ofLarge Crankshaft ForgingsD 1966 Test Methods for Foots in Raw Linseed OilE

8、 543 Practice for Evaluating Agencies that Perform Non-destructive TestingE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle ExaminationE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.3 ASNT Documents:3SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice No. “Personnel Quali-fication and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/AS

9、NT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-fication of NDT Personnel2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)-AMS Docu-ments:4,5AMS 2641 Magnetic Particle Inspection VehicleAMS 3040 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, DryMethodAMS 3041 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, WetMethod, Oil Vehicle,

10、Ready-To-UseAMS 3042 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, WetMethod, Dry PowderAMS 3043 Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, WetMethod, Oil Vehicle, Aerosol PackagedAMS 3044 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method,Dry PowderAMS 3045 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method,Oil Vehicle, Ready-To

11、-UseAMS 3046 Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method,Oil Vehicle, Aerosol Packaged5AMS 5062 Steel, Low Carbon Bars, Forgings, Tubing,Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.25 Carbon, MaximumAMS 5355 Investment CastingsAMS I-83387 Inspection Process, Magnetic Rubber1This practice is under the jurisdiction of

12、ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on LiquidPenetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 1444 - 01.2For r

13、eferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 A

14、rlingatePlaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.4Copies of standards, specifications, drawings, and publications required bymanufacturers in connection with specification acquisition should be obtained fromthe contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.5Available from Soci

15、ety of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.AS 4792 Water Conditioning Agents for Aqueous MagneticParticle InspectionAS 5282 Tool Steel Ring Standa

16、rd for Magnetic ParticleInspectionAS 5371 Reference Standards Notched Shims for MagneticParticle Inspection2.5 Federal Standards:4,6FED-STD-313 Material Safety Data Sheets, Preparationand the Submission ofFED-STD-595 Colors2.6 Military Standards:4,6MIL-STD-1907 Inspection, Liquid Penetrant and Magne

17、ticParticle Soundness Requirements for Materials, Parts, andWeldmentsMIL-STD-2175 Castings, Classification and Inspection ofA-A-59230 Fluid, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Suspension2.7 OSHA Document:729 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication2.8 ANSI Document:4,8ANSI/NCSL Z 540-1 General Requirement for

18、CalibrationLaboratories and Measuring Test Equipment2.9 ISO Document:ISO 10012-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for Measur-ing Equipment92.10 AIA Document:NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel102.11 DoD ContractsUnless otherwise specified, the edi-tions of the docum

19、ents that are DoD adopted are those listed inthe issue of the DoDISS (Department of Defense Index ofSpecifications and Standards) cited in the solicitation.2.12 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict betweenthe text of this practice and the referenced documents citedherein, the text of this pra

20、ctice takes precedence.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions relating to magnetic par-ticle examination, which appear in Terminology E 1316, shallapply to the terms used in this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Cognizant Engineering OrganizationThe company,age

21、ncy, or other authority responsible for the system orcomponent for which magnetic particle examination is re-quired. This, in addition to design personnel, may includepersonnel from material and process engineering, stress analy-sis, NDT or quality groups and others as appropriate.4. Significance an

22、d Use4.1 Description of ProcessMagnetic particle examinationconsists of magnetizing the area to be examined, applyingsuitably prepared magnetic particles while the area is magne-tized, and subsequently interpreting and evaluating any result-ing particle accumulations. Maximum detectability occurswhe

23、n the discontinuity is positioned on the surface andperpendicular to the magnetic flux.4.2 This practice establishes the basic parameters for con-trolling the application of the magnetic particle method. Thispractice is written so that it can be specified on the engineeringdrawing, specification, or

24、 contract. It is not a detailed how-toprocedure to be used by the inspector and, therefore, must besupplemented by a detailed written procedure that conforms tothe requirements of this practice.5. General Practice5.1 Acceptance RequirementsThe acceptance require-ments applicable to the part or group

25、 of parts shall beincorporated as part of the written procedure either specificallyor by reference to other applicable documents, such as MIL-STD-1907, containing the necessary information. When partsare zoned, the acceptance criteria for each zone shall bespecified. Methods for establishing accepta

26、nce requirementsfor large crankshaft forgings are covered in SpecificationA 456. Methods for establishing requirements for steel forg-ings are covered in Test Method A 275/A 275M. Methods forclassifying metal castings are given in MIL-STD-2175 andAMS 5355.5.1.1 Aircraft-Quality Steel CleanlinessThe

27、examinationof aircraft-quality steel for cleanliness using magnetic particleexamination shall be as appropriate to the type of steel beinginspected. However, inspection of parts fabricated from thismaterial shall be in accordance with the requirements of thispractice.5.2 Personnel QualificationPerso

28、nnel performing exami-nations in accordance with this practice shall be qualified inaccordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or as specifiedin the contract or purchase order.5.3 Agency QualificationIf specified in the contractualagreement, NDT agen

29、cies shall be qualified and evaluated asdescribed in E 543. The applicable edition of E 543 shall bespecified in the contractual agreement.5.4 Written ProcedureMagnetic particle examinationshall be performed in accordance with a written procedureapplicable to the part or group of parts under examina

30、tion. Theprocedure shall be in accordance with the requirements of thisPractice. The process, when conducted in accordance with thewritten procedure, shall be capable of detecting the rejectablediscontinuities specified in the acceptance criteria. The writtenprocedure may be general if it clearly ap

31、plies to all of thespecified parts being examined and meets the requirements ofthis practice.All written procedures, including technique sheetsfor specific parts, shall be approved by an individual qualifiedand certified at Level III for magnetic particle examination inaccordance with the requiremen

32、ts of 5.2. Procedures shall be6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50987Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.8Availa

33、ble from National Conference of Standards Laboratories, 1800 30th St.Suite 305b, Boulder, CO. 80301.9Available from International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56,Geneva, Switzerland.10Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1250Eye St., NW, Washington,

34、DC 20005.E1444052submitted to the Cognizant Engineering Organization forreview, or approval, or both, when requested.5.4.1 Elements of the Written Procedure The writtenprocedure shall include at least the following elements, eitherdirectly or by reference to the applicable documents:5.4.1.1 Procedur

35、e identification number and the date it waswritten;5.4.1.2 Identification of the part(s) to which the procedureapplies; this shall include the material and alloy;5.4.1.3 Sequence of magnetic particle examination as re-lated to manufacturing process operation, if applicable;5.4.1.4 Identification of

36、test parts used for system perfor-mance verification (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2);5.4.1.5 Areas of the part to be examined (include anillustration, either a drawing or photo);5.4.1.6 Part preparation required before examination;5.4.1.7 Directions for positioning the item with respect tothe magnetizing equi

37、pment;5.4.1.8 The type of magnetizing current and the equipmentto be used;5.4.1.9 Method of establishing the magnetization (head,coil, prods, yoke, cable wrap, etc.);5.4.1.10 Directions of magnetization to be used, the order inwhich they are applied, and any demagnetization procedures tobe used betw

38、een shots;5.4.1.11 The current level, or the number of ampere turns, tobe used and the duration of its application;5.4.1.12 Type of magnetic particle material (dry or wet,visible or fluorescent, etc.) to be used and the method andequipment to be used for its application and, for the case of wetparti

39、cles, the particle concentration limits;5.4.1.13 Type of records and method of marking parts afterexamination;5.4.1.14 Acceptance requirements, to be used for evaluatingindications and disposition of parts after evaluation; and5.4.1.15 Post-examination demagnetization and cleaning re-quirements.5.5

40、Examination SequencePerform magnetic particle ex-amination after all operations which might cause or revealdiscontinuities. Such operations include, but are not limited to,forging, heat treating, electroplating, forming, welding, grind-ing, straightening, machining, and proof loading.5.5.1 Perform m

41、agnetic particle examination prior to shotpeening (to provide a beneficial compressive layer) and prior toapplying protective finishes such as priming, painting, plating(see 6.1.2 through 6.1.4.5) or other coatings.5.5.2 In-process examinations may not be substituted forfinal examination.5.6 Record

42、of ExaminationThe results of all magneticparticle examinations shall be recorded. Records shall providefor traceability to the specific part or lot examined, serialnumber if serialized, and they shall identify the NDE contrac-tor or facility and the procedures used in the examination, thelot size, a

43、nd the number of parts accepted. All recorded resultsshall be identified, filed, and made available for review by thecontracting agency upon request.5.7 Lighting:5.7.1 Visible LightConduct visible light intensity mea-surements upon initial light installation or when changes occurthat would cause the

44、 light intensity to change and at theintervals specified in Table 1.5.7.1.1 Visible light shall be used when examining withnonfluorescent magnetic particles and for interpretation ofindications found with fluorescent magnetic particles. A mini-mum light intensity of 100 fc (1000 lx) shall be availab

45、le at thesurface of the part undergoing examination or evaluation.5.7.1.2 Ambient Visible LightFluorescent magnetic par-ticle examinations shall be performed in a darkened area witha maximum ambient visible light level of 2 fc (20 lx) measuredat the part surface.5.7.2 Black LightsInspection black li

46、ghts shall meet therequirements of 7.3.5. The minimum acceptable intensity is1000 W/cm2(10 W/m2) at the surface being examined. Blacklights shall be checked periodically for cleanliness and integ-rity and shall be cleaned, repaired or replaced as appropriate.Periodic checks of cleanliness/integrity

47、need not be recorded.5.7.3 Restricted Area ExaminationWhere lamps arephysically too large to directly illuminate the examinationsurface, special lighting, such as UV pencil lights or UV lightguides or borescopes shall be used. The image viewed musthave sufficient resolution to effectively evaluate t

48、he requireddiscontinuities. Light intensity shall be measured at the ex-pected working distance and shall meet the requirements of5.7.1.1 and 5.7.2 as appropriate.5.8 Materials:5.8.1 Dry Particle RequirementsDry particles shall meetthe requirements of AMS 3040.5.8.2 Wet Particle RequirementsWet part

49、icles shall meetthe requirements of AMS 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, or3046, as applicable.5.8.3 Suspension VehiclesThe suspension vehicle for thewet method shall be a light petroleum distillate conforming toAMS 2641 (Type I) or DoD-F-87935, or a suitably conditionedwater that conforms to the requirements of 5.8.4. Whenapproved by the contracting agency, AMS 2641 (Type II) maybe used. When specified, the oil suspension vehicle shall meetthe salient characteristics specified in A-A-59230.TABLE 1 Required Verification IntervalsItem Maximum TimeBetween VerificationAL