ASTM E238-1984(2002) Standard Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic Materials《金属材料的针型承载试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: E 238 84 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forPin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a pin-type bearing test ofmetallic materials to determine bearing yield strength andbearing streng
3、th.NOTE 1The presence of incidental lubricants on the bearing surfacesmay significantly lower the value of bearing yield strength obtained bythis method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns
4、, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testi
5、ng Machines2E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing2E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someters23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bearing areathe product of the pin diameter andspecimen thickness.3.1.2 bearing stressthe force per unit of bearing area.3.1.3
6、bearing strainthe ratio of the bearing deformationof the bearing hole, in the direction of the applied force, to thepin diameter.3.1.4 bearing yield strengththe bearing stress at which amaterial exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the pro-portionality of bearing stress to bearing strain.3.1
7、.5 bearing strengththe maximum bearing stress whicha material is capable of sustaining.3.1.6 edge distancethe distance from the edge of a bear-ing specimen to the center of the hole in the direction ofapplied force (Fig. 1).3.1.7 edge distance ratiothe ratio of the edge distance tothe pin diameter.3
8、.1.8 For definitions of other terms see Terminology E6.4. Significance and Use4.1 The data obtained from the bearing test are the bearingultimate and yield strength. The data provide a measure of theload-carrying capacity of a material edge loaded with aclose-fitting cylindrical pin through a hole l
9、ocated a specificdistance from the specimen edge.4.2 Bearing properties are useful in the comparison ofmaterials and design of structures under conditions where thepin is not restricted.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and is the direct responsib
10、ility of Subcommittee E 28.05 onCompression Testing.Current edition approved July 27, 1984. Published November 1984. Originallypublished as E 238 64. Last previous edition E 238 68 (1978).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.FIG. 1 Bearing Test Specimen1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
11、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachinesMachines used for bearing testingshall conform to the requirements of Practices E4.5.2 Gripping DevicesVarious types of gripping devicesmay be used to transmit the measured load applied by thetes
12、ting machine to the test specimens. Any grips considered toapply the load axially for tension testing, such as pin connec-tions or wedge grips, are satisfactory for use in bearing testing.5.3 PinThe bearing load is generally applied to thespecimen through a close-fitting cylindrical pin. The pin sha
13、llbe harder and stronger than the material being tested. Restraintof movement of the specimen where it is in contact with the pinhas a considerable effect upon the hole deformation obtained asa function of the load applied. Close control of surfaceconditions on both the specimen and pin is needed to
14、 assurereproducible results. The pins used should be uniform indiameter, hardness, and surface roughness. Pin materials,hardness, and surface roughness as shown in Table 1 arerecommended for testing the materials listed. The pin shouldbe checked carefully after each test to ensure that no metallicre
15、sidue adheres to it and that it is both straight and undeformed.If there is any question regarding its quality it should bereplaced.5.4 Pin SupportThe jig supporting the pin should positionthe pin concentric with the hole in the specimen. It should notrestrain the thickening of the specimen as the l
16、oad from the pindeforms the hole. Bending of the pin should be kept to aminimum by having the jig support the pin close to thespecimen. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show examples of the types of jigthat have been used and are considered satisfactory.5.5 ExtensometersExtensometers used for measuring thebearing
17、deformation shall comply with the requirements forClass B-2 or better as described in Practice E83. The bearingdeformation measurement shall be made in a manner to obtainthe axial bearing deformation with a minimum of otherdeformations being included such as the bending of the pin andtensile strain
18、in the specimen. Fig. 2 shows an adaptation of aTemplin extensometer system to record bearing deformation.Fig. 3 illustrates a mechanism that can be used to transfer thebearing deformation so it can be measured with the sameextensometers used for tension testing. A method of measuringbearing deforma
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