ASTM D5435-2013 3624 Standard Test Method for Diagnostic Soil Test for Plant Growth and Food Chain Protection《植物生长和食物链保护的土壤诊断试验的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D5435-2013 3624 Standard Test Method for Diagnostic Soil Test for Plant Growth and Food Chain Protection《植物生长和食物链保护的土壤诊断试验的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D5435-2013 3624 Standard Test Method for Diagnostic Soil Test for Plant Growth and Food Chain Protection《植物生长和食物链保护的土壤诊断试验的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D5435 13Standard Test Method forDiagnostic Soil Test for Plant Growth and Food ChainProtection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5435; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of quantity(Q) and intensity (I) results for several elements in soils, spoils,
3、fly-ash, and other soil substitutes to ascertain their suitabilityfor the growth of vegetation and possible adverse effects ofmetals on the food chain.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 All measured and calc
4、ulated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
5、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and R
6、ock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE617 Specification for Laboratory Weights and PrecisionMass Standards3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of common terms used in this standard,refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Me
7、thod4.1 Arepresentative sample material to be tested is air dried,sieved to pass a 2-mm screen, equilibrated for 16 to 20 h withthe soil test solution containing the optimum activities (I) ofH3O+,Ca+,Mg+,K+and DTPA (diethyl-enetriaminepentaacetate) to render a small exchange of metalsfrom the solid
8、phase to the solution phase. This test method iscalibrated with respect to pH, K, Ca, Mg, H/(Ca + Mg)1/2,Mg/K, Ca/Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn,Al, Pb, Ni, and Cd. In additionto the exchangeable or labile amounts (Q), or both, of the sameelements, comparable levels of the negative logarithm valuesanalogous to
9、pH may be calculated using the ligand constantsfor the respective elements.5. Significance and Use5.1 The bioavailability of chemical elements is poorlyrelated to the chemical composition of soils and plant growthmedia containing a mineral or any type of adsorbed phase. Thechemical potential (pi for
10、 element, i,) is an intensity parameter(I), and the sorbed amount in equilibrium with the soil solutionis a measure of the quantity (Q). These parameters for eachelement (essential or toxic) should be measured in the presenceof other elements at or near the desired intensity. This testmethod is the
11、only method that generates these results simul-taneously for several elements. The computer software allowsthese values to be related to the total sorbed quantities of thedifferent elements. For many substrates, it has been found thatthe theory for the method holds to the degree that vegetationhas b
12、een established on many non-soil substrates and soil-water-food chain problems have been evaluated by this testmethod. This test method has been used on many sites inPennsylvania and other locations to monitor the effect ofsewage sludge applications on land as a source of essentialelements for plant
13、s with no harmful effects on the food chain.It has also been used to evaluate synthetic soils produced fromfly-ash alone or as a component of coal refuse for theestablishment of vegetation on mine spoils, coal refuse piles,and abandoned mine lands.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this sta
14、ndard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock
15、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Mediumfor Plant Growth.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5435 03 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D5435-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
16、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 10
17、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1and objective testing/sampling/inspection and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practic
18、e D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Interferences6.1 Quality control in reagent preparation is more difficultthan for methods that involve fewer elements and compounds.External contamination is a problem to be anticipated. Rubberis a source of Zn and Cd contamination. Rub
19、ber gloves used toremove glassware from an acid bath must be removed forsubsequent rinse procedures. The blank solution should betested for Na and other elements. Often the superfloc containsNa which should be removed by use of a cation exchange resin.In addition the filter paper should be checked f
20、or Na.6.2 The cross contamination from glassware is a seriousproblem.All glassware is soaked in 1 + 1 HNO3for 2 h; rinsedwith distilled water three times followed with rinsing indistilled, deionized water three times. Remove rubber glovesafter first rinsing with distilled water to prevent contaminat
21、ionwith Zn.6.3 The testing solution should be prepared fresh everyweek. Limited studies indicate that the relative amounts of thedifferent elements desorbed from soils by DTPA change as theprepared solution ages.6.4 The effect of Ca and other ions on the atomic absorptiondetermination of Cd is signi
22、ficant and requires that an adjust-ment be made. Background correction will eliminate thissource of error.6.5 The TEA (triethanolamine) is used to prevent excessivedissolution of trace metals from high p-H soils. The buffercapacity is not sufficient, however, to prevent a reflection ofsoil acidity o
23、n trace element availability in soil.6.6 For some soils the colorimetric determination of phos-phorus is not adequate because of the development of turbiditywith stannous chloride used as the reducing agent or when P isvery near the detection limit of 1 m/L. Other reducing agentsas proposed byWatana
24、be and Olsen (1)3or the isobutyl alcoholextraction method as proposed for water soluble P have beenused with limited success on these samples.7. Apparatus7.1 2 mm (No. 10 Sieve), constructed from polyethylene.7.2 Erlenmeyer Flasks, 125-mLcapacity with polyethylene-covered rubber stoppers or equivale
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