ASTM D93-2007 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester《用潘斯基-马丁斯闭杯试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D93-2007 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester《用潘斯基-马丁斯闭杯试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D93-2007 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester《用潘斯基-马丁斯闭杯试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法》.pdf(16页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 93 07Designation: 34/99An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forFlash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 93; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis flas
3、h point test method is a dynamic test method which depends on specified rates of heatingto be able to meet the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give theprecision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of some materials.Flash point valu
4、es are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, andthe operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standardtest method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by differenttest methods,
5、 or with test apparatus different from that specified.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flashpoint of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40to 360C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus oran automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.NOTE 1Flash
6、 point determination as above 250C can be performed,however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature.For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash pointsabove 100C.1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel,kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuel
7、s), new lubricating oils, andother homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scopeof Procedure B.1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutbackresidua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquidswith solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface filmunder test
8、conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kine-matic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under thestirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection ofcontamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable ma-terials with volatile or fl
9、ammable materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.NOTE 2It has been common practice in flash point standards for manydecades to alternately use a Cscale or an Fscale thermometer fortemperature measurement. A
10、lthough the scales are close in increments,they are not equivalent. Because the Fscale thermometer used in thisprocedure is graduated in 5 increments, it is not possible to read it to the2C equivalent increment of 3.6F. Therefore, for the purposes ofapplication of the procedure of the test method fo
11、r the separate tempera-ture scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this testmethod, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature isintended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parenthesesfollowing the SI unit, for example 370C (698F). When a temperature
12、isintended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after“or,” for example, 2C or 5F.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
13、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardsstatements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, 11.1.8, and12.1.2.1These test methods are under the joint jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and
14、are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, these test methods are under the jurisdiction ofthe Standardization Committee.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 9306.1*A Sum
15、mary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual
16、Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE 502 Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Stan-dards for the Determination o
17、f Flash Point of Chemicals byClosed Cup Methods2.2 ISO Standards3Guide 34 Quality Systems Guidelines for the Production ofReference MaterialsGuide 35 Certification of Reference MaterialGeneral andStatistical Principles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dynamic, adjin petroleum productsin petroleump
18、roduct flash point test methodsthe condition where thevapor above the test specimen and the test specimen are not intemperature equilibrium at the time that the ignition source isapplied.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is primarily caused by the heatingof the test specimen at the constant prescribed rate wit
19、h thevapor temperature lagging behind the test specimen tempera-ture.3.1.2 equilibrium, nin petroleum productsin petroleumproduct flash point test methodsthe condition where thevapor above the test specimen and the test specimen are at thesame temperature at the time the ignition source is applied.3
20、.1.2.1 DiscussionThis condition may not be fullyachieved in practice, since the temperature may not be uniformthroughout the test specimen, and the test cover and shutter onthe apparatus can be cooler.3.1.3 flash point, nin petroleum products, the lowesttemperature corrected to a barometric pressure
21、 of 101.3 kPa(760 mm Hg), at which application of an ignition source causesthe vapors of a specimen of the sample to ignite under specifiedconditions of test.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A brass test cup of specified dimensions, filled to theinside mark with test specimen and fitted with a cover ofs
22、pecified dimensions, is heated and the specimen stirred atspecified rates, by either of two defined procedures (A or B).An ignition source is directed into the test cup at regularintervals with simultaneous interruption of the stirring, until aflash is detected (see 11.1.8). The flash point is repor
23、ted asdefined in 3.1.3.5. Significance and Use5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of thetendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixturewith air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only oneof a number of properties which must be considered inassessing the overall flamma
24、bility hazard of a material.5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations todefine flammable and combustible materials. One should con-sult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions ofthese classifications.NOTE 3The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)4and U.S.Depart
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