ASTM D1747-2009(2014) Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials《粘性材料折射指数的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D1747 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forRefractive Index of Viscous Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of
3、refractiveindexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, oftransparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids andmelted solids that have refractive indexes in the range between1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 to 100C. Tem-peratures lower than 80C can be used provided th
4、at themelting point of the sample is at least 10C below the testtemperature.1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracystated, to liquids having colors darker thanASTM Color No. 4,ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquidswhich smoke or vaporize readily at the test tem
5、perature, or tosolids melting within 10C of the test temperature.NOTE 1The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indicesabove 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 arenot yet available, the accuracy of measurement under these conditions hasnot been evaluated.1
6、.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA andmany state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor
7、, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website(http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-tion. Users shoul
8、d be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited bystate law.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priat
9、e safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D362 Specification for Industrial GradeToluene (Withdrawn1989)3D841 Specification for Nitration Grade TolueneD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum
10、Products(ASTM Color Scale)D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometers3. Terminology3
11、.1 Definitions:3.1.1 refractive indexthe ratio of the velocity of light (ofspecified wavelength) in air, to its velocity in the substanceunder examination. The relative index of refraction is definedas the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of theangle of refraction, as light passes
12、from air into the substance.If absolute refractive index (that is, referred to vacuum) isdesired, this value should be multiplied by the factor 1.00027,the absolute refractive index of air. The numerical value ofrefractive index of liquids varies inversely with both wave-length and temperature.4. Su
13、mmary of Test Method4.1 The refractive index normally is measured by the criticalangle method using monochromatic light from a sodium lamp.The instrument is previously adjusted by means of calibrationobtained with certified liquid standards.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
14、ee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approvedin 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D174709. DOI: 10.1520/
15、D1747-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical sta
16、ndard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 Refractive index is a fundamental physical property thatcan be used in conjunction with other properties to characterizepure
17、 hydrocarbons and their mixtures.5.2 The use of refractive index in correlative methods forthe determination of the gross composition of viscous oils andwaxes often requires its measurement at elevated temperatures.6. Apparatus6.1 Refractometer, precision Abb-type,4having a range inrefractive index
18、from 1.30 to 1.63. Other instruments readingto at least four decimal places may be used.NOTE 2When other instruments are used, follow the manufacturersinstructions for operation, maintenance, calibration, and analysis. Foraccepting the instrumentation for use, analysis of an NIST traceablecertified
19、material to ensure accuracy should be performed.6.2 Thermostat and Circulating Pump, capable of maintain-ing the indicated prism temperature constant within 0.02C.The circulating fluid consists of ethylene glycol or a mixture of30 to 40 volume % of glycerin in water flowing through theprisms at a fi
20、xed rate of at least 2.5 L/min. For work at 100C,properly controlled wet steam is also suitable.NOTE 3The constancy of the prism temperature can be seriouslyaffected by variations in ambient conditions, such as air drafts or changesin room temperature. Reasonable precautions should be taken to minim
21、izethese factors. Insulation placed on the thermostat, circulating fluid lines,and refractometer also may prove to be helpful.6.3 Thermometers, or Equivalent Temperature MeasuringDevices, conforming to Thermometer 21C for determinationsat 80C or Thermometer 22C for determinations at 100C asgiven in
22、Specification E1 are recommended. See Test MethodE77 for guidance on inspection and verification of mercury inglass thermometers. Equivalent temperature measuring devicesshould have the same accuracy and resolution as Thermom-eters 21C and 22C.6.3.1 In case of dispute, the test method shall be carri
23、ed outusing the specified mercury in glass thermometer.6.3.2 The temperature measuring device, suitablycalibrated, shall be positioned to measure the temperature ofthe prism (see Note 4) within an appropriate holder. The holdershall provide for adequate immersion of the temperaturemeasuring device a
24、nd for free flow of the circulating fluid. Thetemperature measuring device holder assembly shall be insu-lated with a suitable material, such as cork.NOTE 4In the precision Abb type refractometer, the thermostatingliquid should pass the thermometer on leaving, not on entering, the prismassembly.6.4
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