ASTM D1525-2017 Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics《塑料维卡软化温的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1525 09D1525 17Standard Test Method forVicat Softening Temperature of Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1525; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of the

3、 temperature at which a specified needle penetration occurs when specimensare subjected to specified controlled test conditions.1.2 This test method is not recommended for ethyl cellulose, nonrigid poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), or othermaterials having a wide Vicat softening range

4、.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are included in this standard.1.4 Due to the potential safety and environmental hazards associated with mercury-filled thermometers, the use of alternativetemperature measuring devices (such as thermocouples and RTDs)

5、is encouraged with liquid-in-glass thermometers containingmercury, the use of alternative measuring devices, such as digital thermometers using thermocouple of RTD sensors is encouraged.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t

6、he responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method is equivalent to ISO 306 in all sections with the exceptions of the allowance for creep, prior to the beginn

7、ing of the testand the allowance of the fluidized powder as a heat transfer medium.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental

8、 practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method is equivalent to ISO 306 in all sections with the exceptions of the allowance for creep, prior to the beginning of the testand the allowance of the fluidized powder as a heat transfer medium.1.6 T

9、his international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (

10、TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verifica

11、tion of ThermometersE608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal ThermocouplesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE887 Test Method for Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF AshE1137/E1137M Specification f

12、or Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties (SectionD20.30.07).Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009Aug. 1, 2017. Published December 2009Aug

13、ust 2017. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20072009as D1525 - 07.D1525 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/D1525-09.10.1520/D1525-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards

14、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes

15、have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official

16、document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids2.2 ISO Standards:4IS

17、O 306 PlasticsThermoplastic MaterialDetermination of Vicat Softening Temperature3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of plastics used in this test method are in accordance with those defined in Terminology D883, unlessotherwise specified.3.1.2 Vicat softening temperaturethe temperature at

18、 which a flat-ended needle of 1-mm2 circular cross section will penetratea thermoplastic specimen to a depth of 1 mm under a specified load (force) perpendicular to the test specimen using a selecteduniform rate of temperature rise.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A flat-ended needle loaded with a speci

19、fied mass is placed in direct contact with a test specimen. The mass applied can beone of two accepted loads, as follows:Loading121060.2NLoading225061.0NThe specimen and needle are heated at either of two permissible rates, as follows:RateA25065C/hRateB2120610C/hThe temperature at which the needle h

20、as penetrated to a depth of 1 6 0.01 mm is recorded as the Vicat softening temperature.5. Significance and Use5.1 Data obtained by this test method is used to compare the heat-softening qualities of thermoplastic materials.5.2 This test method is useful in the areas of quality control, development,

21、and characterization of plastic materials.6. Apparatus6.1 The instrument shall have a heating system consisting of a heated bath (see Fig. 1) or a contact heating system (see Fig.2):The equipment shall be constructed essentially as shown in Fig. 2 and shall consist of the following:4 Available from

22、American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Softening Temperature Determination (Immersion Bath)D1525 1726.1.1 Immersion BathAn immersion bath containing the heat-transfer medium shall be equipped with an agitat

23、ion system,temperature-measuring device, and heater. The heater shall have automatic control of the selected bath temperature-rise rate (see4.1). The bath shouldshall be constructed to allow the specimens to be submerged at least 35 mm below the surface of theheat-transfer medium.6.1.1.1 Heat-Transf

24、er MediumShall be a liquid or fluidized powder.5 Several liquids, such as silicone oils, glycerine, ethyleneglycol, and mineral oil have been used successfully for various plastics.6 The medium used shall be free from contaminants andshall have no short-time effect at elevated temperatures on the ma

25、terial being tested, liquid mediums shall be of low viscosity atroom temperature. The results of the test some times depend on the thermal diffusivity of the heat-transfer medium.NOTE 2The results of the test can depend on the thermal diffusivity of the heat-transfer medium.6.1.2 Contact Heating Uni

26、tShall consist of heater and heater blocks which, through conductive heating, raises the temperatureof the specimen at the required controlled rate until the VICAT Softening Temperature is reached.NOTE 3It is desirable to have a method of cooling or heating the bath or heated blocks in order to redu

27、ce the time required to lowerchange thetemperature of the bath between tests. tests more quickly. This may be accomplished by using a cooling coil installed in the bath or an externalheat-transfer system. If the temperature rise rate is adversely affected by the presence of residual coolant in the c

28、ooling coils, the coolant should be purgedprior to beginning the test.6.1.3 Specimen SupportA suitable stand or support for the specimen to be placed in the bath or be part of the contact heatingstructure. The vertical members that attach the specimen support to the upper plate shall be made of a ma

29、terial having the samecoefficient of expansion as that used for the rod through which the load is applied in order that the penetration-measuring devicereading caused by differential expansion over the intended temperature range does not exceed 0.02 mm when the specimen isreplaced by a piece of heat

30、-resistant material.75 Aluminum Oxide has been found satisfactory and safe for short-term heat cycles up to 500C.6 Silicone oils having a room temperature viscosity of 100 cP have been found satisfactory and safe for short-term heat cycles up to 260C.7 Borosilicate glass or Quartz has been found sat

31、isfactory for this purpose.Key1 Weight2 Displacement-measurement device3 Heater(s) (Note that multiple heaters are placed symmetricallythroughout the instrument and not just in the one location shown.)4 Heating block (contains lower contact plate)5 Load rod with needle6 Temperature-measuring device7

32、 Test specimen8 Contact plateFIG. 2 Apparatus for Softening Temperature Determination (Direct Contact)D1525 1736.1.4 Penetration-Measuring DeviceThe device used for measuring the penetration of the specimen shall be capable ofmeasuring a penetration depth of at least 1 6 0.01 mm. The measuring devic

33、e shall be an analog or digital dial gauge or similardevice, including an electronic-displacement sensing apparatus.6.1.5 MassesA set of masses of suitable sizes shall be supplied so that the net force on the needle point shall be equal to10 6 0.2 N (Loading 1) or 50 6 1.0 N (Loading 2) when the app

34、aratus is assembled. The net force shall consist of the weight ofthe needle rod assembly, the force attributed to action of the penetration-measuring device, and the extra weight that is requiredto balance the system. The required mass is calculated as follows:Required mass,mw 5F 2Fs!/9.806652mrF =

35、total force to be applied to the specimen, N,Fs = force exerted by any penetration-measuring device, N (this is a positive value if the thrust of the spring is towards thespecimen (downward), a negative value if the thrust of the spring is opposing the descent of the rod, or zero if no suchdevice is

36、 involved),mr = mass of the needle rod assembly, kg, andmw = extra mass applied to attain the desired force, kg.Verification of the load shouldshall be made on new equipment and after replacing penetration-measuring devices, or at any timeto ensure that the equipment is in calibration. The calibrati

37、on procedure for dial-gauge-type penetration-measuring devices isdescribed in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2. The methods for determination of the thrust contributed by dial-gauge-typepenetration-measuring devices are also given in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.6.1.6 Temperature-Measuring Device,A Consis

38、ting of a sensor (for example, thermocouple, resistance thermometer (RTD),thermistor probe (E887-12), or thermometer platinum resistance thermometer (PRT). or thermometer adequate to cover the rangebeing tested. The thermometer shall be one of the following, or its equivalent, in accordance with Spe

39、cification E1: Thermometer1C or 2C, having ranges from 20 to 150C or 5 to 300C, respectively, depending on the test range. The thermocouple orresistance thermometer and related electronics shall be accurate to at least 60.5C. Liquid-in-glass thermometers (refer toSpecification E2251) shall be calibr

40、ated for the depth of immersion in accordance with Test Method E77. Thermocouples shallcomply with the requirements of Specification E608/E608M. Resistance thermometers shall comply with the requirements ofSpecification E1137/E1137M.6.1.6.1 Digital ThermometerAdigital indicating device incorporating

41、 a sensor (that is, thermocouple probe, thermistor probe,or platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) with associated conditioning, conversion, and readout instrumentation adequate tocover the range being tested. The sensor and related electronics shall be accurate to at least 60.5C. Thermocouples shall

42、 complywith the requirements of Specification E608/E608M. Resistance thermometers shall comply with the requirements of SpecificationE1137/E1137M.6.1.6.2 Liquid-in-Glass ThermometerOlder systems still in existence use a thermometer for temperature measurement at eachindividual test station. The ther

43、mometer shall be one of the following, or its equivalent, as prescribed in Specification E1:Thermometer 1C or 2C, having ranges from 20 to 150C or 5 to 300C, respectively, whichever temperature range is mostsuitable. Liquid-in-glass thermometers (Refer to Specification E2251a) shall be calibrated fo

44、r the depth of immersion in accordancewith Test Method E77.NOTE 4WARNINGMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system,kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caut

45、ion should be taken when handling mercuryand mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website- http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing pr

46、oducts into your state may beprohibited by state law.6.1.7 NeedleAflat-tipped, hardened steel needle with a cross-sectional area of 1.000 6 0.015 mm2 (diameter of 1.120 to 1.137mm) shall be used. The tip shall be free of burrs and be perpendicular to the axis of the rod. The needle shall protrude at

47、 least 2mm from the end of the rod.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser, sample in accordance with the sections on GeneralSampling Procedures and Specific Sampling Procedures of Practice D1898. Sampling based on engineering principles, prior topackaging, s

48、hall be considered an acceptable alternative.8. Test Specimen8.1 Use at least two specimens to test each sample. The specimen shall be flat, between 3 and 6.5 mm thick, and at least 10by 10 mm in area or 10 mm in diameter. If an individual layer of the specimen is less than 3 mm it is permissible to

49、 stack notmore than three (3) layers to achieve the minimum thickness. The specimens shall be cut from sheet or molded material. The typeof mold and the molding process used to produce test specimens will affect the results obtained in the test. Molding conditionsshall be in accordance with the standard for the material being tested or should be agreed upon between the cooperatinglaboratories.D1525 174NOTE 5Discrepancies in test results due to variations in molding conditions often are minimized by annealing the test specimens before the te