[外语类试卷]托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编8及答案与解析.doc

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1、托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 8及答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain

2、a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your e

3、ssay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The opinions of celebrities, such as certain entertainers or athletes, are more important for younger people than older people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2 Writing Based on Kno

4、wledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This

5、includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your essay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statem

6、ent? Teachers in the past had greater influence on their young students than teachers at present do. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an a

7、cademic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as poss

8、ible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 word

9、s. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading Yo

10、u will have 3 minutes to read the passage. Recently, a bust was found in the Rhone River, which is probably a bust of Julius Caesar, a historic leader of the Republic of Rome. The reasons for believing this is a bust of Julius Caesar are as follows. First, the bust is sculpted in the style of the ti

11、me in which Julius Caesar lived. The heyday of realism was during the time of Julius Caesar and the bust is sculpted in this style. Second, one major characteristic of realistic art is that it tries to vividly represent the object it depicts. This bust, especially the hair, very much resembles Caesa

12、r himself. Whats more, in Caesars time, making a sculpture more vivid cost money. The more money one spent, the more vivid the sculpture would be. Therefore, only a rich and powerful man like Caesar could afford to pay for such a vivid sculpture. Third, this bust was discovered in the Rhone River be

13、cause people at that time wanted to destroy it. According to tradition, when a new leader came to the throne, all things related to his predecessor would be discarded or destroyed out of respect for the new ruler. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

14、Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 4 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about t

15、he same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and th

16、e lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your

17、 writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. Wind power

18、is the conversion of wind into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines for electrical power, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. Recently, Scotland announced plans to build a wind power station on peatlands. However, many p

19、eople object to this plan and have claimed their reasons for the objection. First, the wind power station would affect local tourism. Peatlands are special sites attracting tourists from all over the world. If the government builds a wind power station, the sites may not be open to tourists, and the

20、 wind power station will also prove to be an eyesore upon the sites natural beauty. Therefore, the tourism of the local area will be severely affected. Second, the wind power station is harmful to the environment, leaving carbon dioxide with nowhere to be absorbed. Healthy peatlands act as a sink fo

21、r greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide. If the peatlands are replaced by the wind power station, there will be nothing to absorb greenhouse gases. Finally, there are other alternatives, such as building the wind power station offshore. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than that on land, a

22、nd offshore farms have less visual impact. Many countries have built such offshore wind power stations, including Sweden. It is a better choice for Scotland to build it offshore than on peatlands. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question

23、Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 8答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 【正确答案】 Mothers may enjoy songs by the latest pop stars sometimes, but never seem to care much about their p

24、ersonal lives or opinions on politics the way their children often do. The truth is that celebritys opinions matter much less to adults than they do to younger people. This is likely because older people have more varied experience in life than most of these celebrities. Our heroes and role models a

25、re almost always older than us, and therefore we are easily influenced by what those models think and do. Our opinions form through personal experience, so regardless of how famous someone might be, if their life experience is still fairly limited, they probably have less to offer us than our elders

26、 might. I love Taylor Swift and her songs, but I dont care about her views on politics, because she is at least ten years younger than me, and has not had the learning experiences Ive had. Fame isnt a factor in determining the value of someones opinions, as adults tend to form their own ideas from e

27、xperience, not from a youthful role model. Another reason celebritys opinions matter little to older people is that the life experience of celebrities is very different from an average persons. Unless we are big fans of a celebritys personal life and views, most people will only care about the produ

28、ct they put out. Their private life is their own, and does not affect us. I love Clint Eastwoods works as an actor and director, but disagree with him completely on politics, because my experience has taught me differently from the things he says in interviews. Most celebrities live posh, insulated

29、lives, while most average adults work hard and live simply, with little need of celebrity opinion. Young people look up to celebrities because they are older, successful, and glamorous, while adults are less fascinated by these traits. Unless these models are mature and have similar views to their o

30、wn, older folks wont care about their opinions. 【试题解析】 当我们父母年轻时，他们喜欢小虎队、 “四大天王 ”，到了我们这一代，哈韩哈日的年轻人也是不计可数。为什么年轻人比年长者更看重名人明星的言论呢 ?名人明星在演艺或者体育方面特别擅长，但这代表他们的观点也同样有说服力吗 ?其实，名人明星很可能只比我们大一点儿，所以他们的观点也不一定比我们成熟，他们的生活圈子和我们普通人也相去甚远。而年长者比较理智，因此，他们相较于年轻人来说更不容易接受名人明星的观点。 2 【正确答案】 The way society regards teachers ha

31、s changed over the years. Whereas “teacher“ was once a title with authority and prestige, modern teachers seem to be under closer scrutiny and distrust from both parents and students. In my view, modern teachers have less influence on young students than their predecessors did, probably because of a

32、 shift in young peoples role models, and greater distrust of teachers from the adult world. First, the men and women that young people today admire seem to have shifted tremendously from those that prior generations looked up to. Instead of being inspired by the greatness of accomplished or respecta

33、ble people, todays youth seem much more impressed by social media moguls and young pop stars infamous for their off-stage antics. For instance, when I asked a class in a primary school who their heroes were, common answers were Miley Cyrus, Lady Gaga, football and baseball stars, and fictional super

34、heroes like Iron Man. Social media, peers, and media show almost nothing but misbehaving pop stars and loudmouthed athletes, so it is no surprise that kids today show no interest in their strict teachers. Another reason kids dont regard teachers as important is that their parents and other people do

35、 not seem to respect instructors as they once did. Rather than trust teachers to educate their kids and score them appropriately, many adults now make requirements on how the teacher should treat their children. If a teacher gives the kid a poor grade, the parents may not find the problem with their

36、 own children but may think that the teachers hold a grudge against their children. When my nephew received a “D“ on one of his report cards, I asked him what he would do to improve his grades. My nephew said, “I wont do anything. My teacher is stupid, and Mom will have a conference with her to get

37、my grade changed.“ If parents show such disdain and disrespect toward teachers, how could the same teachers ever exude a real positive influence on their students? We live in a different world today, which leaves little room for teachers to have any influence over their students decisions or lives.

38、Teachers cannot compete with pop stars, social media influences, or disrespectful parents for kids attention and support. 【试题解析】 首先我们先问孩子一个问题 “你的偶像是谁 ?”相信很少有孩子的回答会是老师。取而代之的则是像美国队长、 Lady Gaga、钢铁侠、科比、贝克汉姆等这些名字。当今社会，随着各种社交媒体的兴起，可以对孩子生活和思想产生影响的人也越来越多了，比如某个歌星或者球星。因此老师对孩子的影响就变得越来越微不足道了。 Writing Based on R

39、eading and Listening 3 【听力原文】 The discovery of the bust in the Rhone River has aroused a lot of interest. One suggestion is that this is a bust of Julius Caesar. However, as far as I am concerned, the reasons mentioned in the reading are not sound enough to suggest that this bust is of Caesar. Thoug

40、h it is true that Caesar lived during the heyday of realism and that this bust also belongs to this time period, it is ridiculous to connect these two together without more proof. After the death of Caesar, realism continued and this piece of art might have been created after Caesar died. Therefore,

41、 this bust does not necessarily belong to Caesar. In addition, apart from its hair resembling Caesars hair, other features of the bust do not seem to fit with Caesar. To assert, as the reading does, that this is Caesar based only on the hairstyle is ridiculous. Whats more, this was not the only scul

42、pture that was found in the river. It seems unlikely that all of these sculptures were thrown into the river out of respect for the new leader. Furthermore, the reading gives no evidence that respect for a new leader was the reason the bust was thrown into the river. Maybe people at that time discar

43、ded it because they thought it was a useless piece of trash. 3 【正确答案】 In the lecture the professor questions the readings assertion that the bust found in the Rhone River is the bust of Julius Caesar. The lecture explains why the reading is not convincing. To begin, the reading mentions that Julius

44、Caesar lived during the heyday of realism and that the bust found in the Rhone River is sculpted in a realistic style. However, the professor suggests that it is ridiculous to make this assertion because the era of realism continued even after the time of Julius Caesar. It is just as possible that t

45、he sculpture was made after Caesar died. The reading also argues that the hairstyle of the sculpture resembles Caesars hairstyle. But the professor says that there are other features of the bust that do not resemble Caesar which the author simply ignores, so the appearance of the sculpture is not go

46、od evidence that it is Julius Caesar. Finally, the reading says that the bust was thrown into the Rhone River out of respect for the new leader of Rome. The professor rebuts this by saying that the reading does not provide good evidence that the bust was thrown into the river out of respect for a ne

47、w leader. It is just as possible that people thought it was a worthless piece of trash. 【试题解析】 关于罗纳河里发现的半身像，阅读文章认为是尤里乌斯 -凯撒的，并提出了三点理由：具有凯撒同一时期的现实主义风格；与凯撒相似的发型；由于新领袖出现而被扔于罗纳河。而听力文章针对这三点理由都进行了驳斥。 4 【听力原文】 Peatlands are one of Scotlands most important natural assets in terms of the ecosystem services t

48、hey provide. They have the potential to play a role in climate change mitigation. Recently, Scotland has announced plans to build a wind power station on peatlands, but the plan is strongly opposed by some people. However, it is my opinion that the government should build the wind power station on p

49、eatlands. My reasons are as follows: First, although some people claim that local tourism will be affected due to the plan, I believe that Scotlands tourists will understand, value, and welcome this project. Besides, many of them come from England and are well-informed on Scotland and Scottish issues. If they find the power station unattractive, they can just visit other places in the country. On the whole, tourism wont be affected. Second, most carbon dioxide is caused by the burning of fossil fuels. If the government creates policies encouragin