[外语类试卷]托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编6及答案与解析.doc

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1、托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 6及答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain

2、a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your e

3、ssay in the space provided. Question Which of the following areas should governments spend less on in times of economic crisis: education, health care, or employment? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you

4、will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organizat

5、ion of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your essay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? For a business to be successful, it must spend a

6、 lot of money on advertising. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. Yo

7、u may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The qu

8、estion does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on t

9、he completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. Recently, more and more coni

10、fers in a community park in northeast America have been dying. After investigation and analysis, some are claiming that a new kind of herbicide used by nearby households might be responsible for their death. However, the herbicide manufacturer denies this because of the following reasons: First, the

11、 herbicide had been carefully tested by the government for years before it was allowed to be sold on the market. In a great deal of research, the herbicide had been proved to be harmless to trees and other plant species. Second, not all the conifers in the community park have died. Many other trees

12、in the park are still very healthy. If the herbicide used by the nearby households diffused into the community park and caused the conifers to die, all the trees there should have been affected. Since many other trees are still very healthy, we cannot simply blame the death of the conifers on the he

13、rbicide. Finally, experts have observed a recent drop in temperatures in the region. Coniferous trees are very sensitive to cold temperatures, thus abnormally cold temperatures may have frozen them to death. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lectur

14、e Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 4 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the sam

15、e topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lect

16、ure. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writi

17、ng and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. On clear nights,

18、it is possible through careful observation to observe the folding of plant leaves. In the 1960s, with the rapid development of the study of plant physiology, scientists began to study these so-called sleep movements of plants and develop theories to explain why plant leaves fold at night. To sum the

19、se up, there are three good explanations for why plant leaves may fold at night. First, plants fold their leaves at night to protect themselves from cold weather. By folding their leaves at night, plants can reduce heat loss and water evaporation. After measuring the temperature of various plant lea

20、ves, scientists in the United States concluded that the temperature of leaves which fold is 1 higher than those of leaves which dont fold. Second, in order to protect themselves from being infected by fungus, the plant leaves fold to avoid excessive moisture. The temperature difference between day a

21、nd night makes it easy for leaves to get wet with dew. This creates a condition favorable for the growth of fungus, a threat to the health of plants. Folded leaves protect plants from this threat. Finally, plants protect themselves from too much moonlight at night by folding their leaves. Excessive

22、moonlight may interfere with the normal light and dark cycle some plants need to stay healthy. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made

23、 in the reading passage. 托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 6答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 【正确答案】 Introduction There are many things to consider when trying to get through a time of economic crisis. Different people will have different ideas about what areas a government should cut back on during to

24、ugh economic times. Some people think that it is best to cut back on education and employment, but I think it would be better to cut back on health care because this does not have as great an effect on the countrys future as investment in education and employment. I think it is better to cut back on

25、 government spending in health care than in education. Education is key to a countrys future success. If the school system suffers, the countrys future economic strength may be compromised. A country must have educated people who can start businesses, do research, and work in government. Undermining

26、 the educational system is sure to undermine the future of a country in a way that limiting investment in health care will not, although hurting the medical system will be painful for the present time. Even so, its future impact on the country will not be as great as cutting back on education. Secon

27、d, I think it is better to cut back on health care than on employment. Investing in employment is also key to a countrys future success. Countries with low employment rates often suffer from a lot of serious social problems such as high crime and suicide rates. Limited investment in employment will

28、negatively affect the future of the country more than limited investment in health care. Limited investment in health care will cause temporary pain, but insufficient investment in employment can have long-term social consequences. While some people may be unwilling to cut back on investment in heal

29、th care, I believe that the long-term consequences of cutting back on education or employment would be far greater. 【试题解析】 政府决策看似是一个很大的问题无从下手，然而当我们把问题缩小，分情况讨论后就会发现简单多了。教育、医疗、就业，我们很难说谁不重要，但是从长远来看，哪一个对我们的生活影响更大呢 ?顺着这个思 路往下，让我们来一起看看本题该如何入手吧。 2 【正确答案】 There are many things to consider when thinking abou

30、t what makes a business successful. Different people will have different ideas about what is really important. Some people think high-quality products or low prices determine success. Others are firmly convinced that advertising is the key to success. I believe advertising is the key to success beca

31、use people have to know about your product and understand how it can benefit them before they buy it. First, the reason that I think advertising is the key to success is that people wont buy a product if they have never heard of it. I have a friend who started a small business. He put all of his mon

32、ey into developing a good product and employing excellent people to do customer service. Unfortunately, he was never able to sell his products because he didnt advertise. As a result, people never knew how his products and after sale services were. In contrast, some competitor companies with mediocr

33、e products and services succeeded because they had a huge advertising budget. Companies that offer excellent products and services will still fail if they cant make the public aware of their company and their products. Another reason that I think advertising is essential is that it helps people unde

34、rstand what makes a company different from its competitors. Customers need to understand why they need a product and why the product is better than other similar products. Advertising thus provides a way for a company to let people know about the strengths and advantages of its product. A business s

35、hould be willing to spend money on advertising so that people will have more chances to become familiar with and choose their products. While many companies think they cant afford a big advertising budget, I believe that, to be successful, they must spend enough on advertising so that they gain wide

36、r recognition and a larger consumer base. 【试题解析】 此题可以这样入手，先问问自己一个企业怎样才算是成功的呢 ?我们不难想到的是人气和销量。那怎么样才可以实现这两点呢 ?有的同学会说产品好价格低。没错，但是我们是怎么知道它的产品信息和价格的呢 ?广告宣传，这是最直接的将企业和顾客联系起来的途径。因此，题目就变得简单多了。广告宣传无疑是企业想要取得成功的一个重要因素。 Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 【听力原文】 A lot of us are very sad about the decreasing

37、 number of conifers in our community park due to the introduction of a new herbicide. The reading tries to defend the herbicide, but fails to provide convincing proof that the herbicide is not responsible for killing the coniferous trees. The reading begins by claiming the herbicide is safe based on

38、 tests conducted by governmental agencies. However, the reading fails to mention that most tests conducted by governmental agencies focus on the safety of people and animals, not on plants. Before the herbicide was put on the market, the authorities did not ensure that they were harmless to trees. S

39、econd, it is true that many trees are still very healthy in the park, but this does not prove that the herbicide is not responsible for the dead conifers. The herbicide was introduced to the park through a river that ran through the nearby community. Therefore, all the trees on high ground away from

40、 the river are healthy and all those in the low area by the river have died. Finally, the readings claim that climate change is responsible for the death of the conifers makes no sense. If this were true, yellow leaves on these trees should die first, while in actuality, many young, green leaves als

41、o fell from the branches. The way in which these trees died does not indicate that they were killed by climate change. 3 【正确答案】 The reading asserts that the new herbicide is not responsible for the death of the conifers in the community park. The professor then explains why he thinks the herbicide i

42、s responsible for the death of the conifers. The first argument the reading presents to explain why the new herbicide is not responsible for the death of the conifers is that the herbicide has passed government safety testing. The professor is not convinced by this argument because the government te

43、sting focused on the safety of people and animals, not on the safety of plants. The readings second argument for why the herbicide could not have killed the trees is that there are still many healthy trees in the park. But the professor says that the herbicide was introduced through a river in the p

44、ark. All of the trees by the river have died. Only those trees on the high ground away from the river have survived. In other words, those trees have still survived because they have not been exposed to the herbicide. The readings final argument for why the herbicide is not responsible for the death

45、 of the conifers is that there is a reasonable alternative explanation, climate change. The professor rebuts this by saying that the way in which the trees died does not indicate that it was due to climate change. The reason is that if the trees were really dying due to climate change, yellow leaves

46、 should die first, but some young, green leaves also fall off. Therefore, he thinks it is only reasonable to assume that conifers were killed by the herbicide. 【试题解析】 面对公园里针叶树的死亡，阅读文章认为这不是杀虫剂导致的，并提出三点论据：首先，除草剂是通过了政府安全测试的；其次，公园里还有很多健康的树木；最后，树木死亡也有可能是气候变化导致的。而听力文章认为这三点理由都不具有说服力，正是杀虫剂导致了针叶树的死亡。 4 【听力原文

47、】 What we are talking about this week is an amazing natural phenomenon, namely plant sleep movements. “Plant sleep movements“ refers to the fact that some plants fold their leaves at night. Surely plants sleep movements indicate their adaptation to the environment and are beneficial to plant growth.

48、 However, the reasons given in the reading to explain why plants fold their leaves at night are not very convincing. As for protecting plants from cold weather, folded leaves are not actually very helpful. When the temperature is moderate, plants do not even need any protection from the coldness. An

49、d when it is cold, some plants are still damaged even after folding their leaves. The slight increase in temperature is not enough to truly protect the plants from the cold. Second, even a little water could result in the plants infection by fungus. Folded leaves will still become wet because of the dew caused by the temperature difference between day and night. Therefore, saying that folding leaves at night prevents plants from getting fungal infections makes no sense at all, because there is still plenty of water on the leaves to leave them vulnerable to a