[外语类试卷]托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编3及答案与解析.doc

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1、托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 3及答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain

2、a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your e

3、ssay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Although childrens decisions were often made by parents in the past, it is better for children today to make their own decisions. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2 Writing Based on K

4、nowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. Thi

5、s includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your essay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following stat

6、ement? People care more about public recognition than an increase in money, because public recognition can still make people work harder. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this tas

7、k, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answ

8、er the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effec

9、tive response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your respo

10、nse in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. Recent estimates placing the emergence of bees as a distinct species of insect as far back as 200 million years ago have aroused heated debate within the scientific community. In my opinion, as it fails to offer any conv

11、incing evidence to support this claim, this estimate is far from credible. Just as scientists can study roughly what time period the dinosaurs lived and died in through the fossils they left behind, scientists could in principle also date bees evolutionary emergence through their fossilized remains.

12、 However, no fossil has been discovered thus far that can be definitively regarded as theirs. Any good theory must consist of both a well-rounded argument and convincing evidence. Therefore, due to the absence of bee fossils, it is unreasonable for us to ascertain that the bees have existed on Earth

13、 for 200 million years. Or, suppose that bees have in fact been living on our planet for 200 million years. If thats the case, then what did the bees feed on at that time? As we all know, bees are adapted to feeding on nectar and pollen, the former primarily as an energy source and the latter primar

14、ily for protein and other nutrients both of which, it must be pointed out, can only be found in flowers. The problem is that there were no flowers 200 million years ago. So, without food, how could bees have sustained themselves at that time? Finally, there have been some newly discovered fossils th

15、at are claiming as evidence to support this argument, saying that these remains belonged to bees. To me, its authenticity needs to be further studied and proven. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the le

16、cture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 4 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and

17、 listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express

18、your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the

19、 content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. No one can be acknowledged as a true expert in Western history

20、and civilization without knowledge of the Romans, which are embodied in the great Roman Empire. Rome, which was originally composed of many city-states, was not born to be an empire; rather, there are three main reasons for its building. The first reason a country might be called an empire is that i

21、t has a large amount of territory under its control; at its peak, the Roman Empire controlled the whole of Europe. Naturally, for the sake of self-preservation, such an immense territory has to be guarded by powerful military forces. The Roman Empire, because its army was unrivaled in the ancient wo

22、rld, was able to successfully conquer many other countries and forcibly conscript the prisoners of war, using them to replenish its ranks. In this way, the Roman army grew more and more powerful, and this strategy helped the nation conquer even more countries. The Roman Empire was born from this pro

23、cess. Second, during the reign of the Roman Empire, the Roman emperors were revered much as the emperors in ancient China were, enjoying supreme power. Their commands came from a place of absolute authority, and allowed no objection. This harsh system of monarchy helped to control and uniformly regu

24、late the whole country. Third, from ancient times until the present day, all successful nations have been supported by taxation squeezed from their subjects, and the Roman Empire was no exception. All the operations of a country, such as its economy, politics, military and culture, are only possible

25、 because of revenue made from taxation. The Roman Empire, in order to seize more wealth from other countries through their military force, had to raise taxes to support its army expenditures. The high taxation rate was another major factor in Romes wealth and subsequent success as an empire. Then yo

26、u will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 3答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 【正确答案】 Ther

27、e are many things to consider in terms of our childrens development. Different people will have different ideas about how to raise children. Some people I know like to let their children make their own decisions. Others make most of their childrens decisions for them. Personally, I think it is bette

28、r for parents to make the important decisions because parents have more life experience, and thus can help the children make better choices, and in doing so prevent their children from hurting others. First, I think it is best for parents to make decisions because they have more life experience. Whe

29、n children make decisions, they can only draw on five to fifteen years of life experience. Parents have at least double that amount of life experience and they better understand how the world works. For example, a child might want to take a fun, modern dance class with his or her friends and yet par

30、ents understand that a computer class is more important for the childs future. Parents can use their life experience to help their children choose activities that will benefit them in the future. Not only are parents able to view things from a long-term perspective when making decisions, they can al

31、so help their children make hard decisions that they do not have the self-control to make themselves. For example, a child may want to quit his or her extra math class and yet parents know this will affect any future study. Without the parents help, he or she may not have enough self-control to keep

32、 going. Children need their parents help in order to make hard decisions that dont feel good right now, but will help them later. Finally, parents can protect their children from hurting others. For example, a child may not want to invite an unpopular student in the class to his or her birthday part

33、y, and yet parents understand how important it is not to hurt other peoples feelings. Parents can draw upon their years of experience to provide the guidance necessary to help their children make kind decisions that dont hurt others. While many people like to let their children make all their own de

34、cisions, I believe that it is better for parents to make important and hard decisions for their children. 【试题解析】 虽然有人认为对孩子放手有利于培养孩子的独立能力，但是孩子毕竟还小，对很多事情缺乏判断能力。我们从小到大可能都听父母说过一句话 “我们吃过的盐比你吃过的饭都多 ”，这句话话糙理不糙。父母毕竟比我们阅历广，经验多，他们对于很多重要问题，例如学校选择、伴侣选择或者职业选择上可以帮孩子做出最正确的决定，因为往往一个错误的决定会耽误孩子的一生。 2 【正确答案】 When thin

35、king about the issue that people care more about public recognition than an increase in money, different people will have different ideas. While some people may believe money is what employees are fighting for, I think that it is not enough to make a lot of money nowadays; people need recognition fo

36、r their effort. Public recognition is more important to the majority of people than money alone, because it makes them feel more crucial to a company or project, and helps ensure their future success. To begin with, salary doesnt matter when someone is a part of a challenging team. He or she needs o

37、thers to know his or her value. People are looking for vindication for their efforts in an office or other project. If others dont know how important they are to group success, then they will feel that they are useless and may be dismissed quickly. Working in an office, high salary doesnt prove how

38、valuable an employee is, and can even lead to resentment among colleagues. However, when an employee is regarded as vital to the success of any project or undertaking, then he or she will feel secure. Public recognition reassures people of their own value, and this feeling is crucial to happiness. S

39、econd, being recognized for a job well done is more important than any money made when it comes to future success. When someone is vying for a promotion, or career advancement with another company, his or her previous salary has no bearing. Managers dont automatically ask how much money he or she ma

40、de before, but will always ask about prior success in his or her field, so that they can determine whether to give this candidate a chance and the expected salary. Recently, when I applied for a new job, the manager at the company asked me many questions about my prior job responsibilities and succe

41、sses. Only after Id already been offered the position did the new manager ask me about my salary with the previous company. Public recognition looks much better on a CV than any money earned. Money pays our bills, but it does not give us job security or ensure future success. Public recognition is v

42、ital for employees seeking self-worth or a shot at a brighter future in any career. 【试题解析】 这道题讨论的是工作后员工遇到的切身问题：金钱和大家的认可哪个更重要呢 ?我们薪水的高低影响着我们的生活水平，但是，如果我们的工作得不到他人的认可，我们依旧会觉得失落。所以，公众的认可给我们带来存在感和成就感，而且可以为我们的简历增色不少，对我们 的长远发展十分重要。从这个角度来说，公众的认可比现阶段的工资水平更加重要。 Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 【听力原文】

43、As a matter of scientific fact, bees emerged as a distinct species of insect 200 million years ago, and I have a few words Id like to say to all those who might claim otherwise. The reading holds that without the discovery of fossilized remains, it cannot be proven that bees have been living here fo

44、r 200 million years. However, as we all know, fossils are actually formed from the remains of dead animals or plants, which are buried deep underground for quite a long time. Considering this, how could the bee fossils have formed and been preserved 200 million years ago when there were no trees aro

45、und at that time? Without trees, there of course would not be fossils preserved from that time. Conventional wisdom holds that bees feed on flowers, but few people know that on top of flowers, some kinds of pine trees can also be utilized to provide bees with their food. Maybe due to the different c

46、limate and living conditions in the distant past, bees from that period might have sustained themselves on the pollen and nectar of trees rather than flowers. Therefore, even without flowers, bees at that time could still have fed on pine trees to keep alive. Whats more, there was a recently reporte

47、d bee fossil of the genus Melittosphex, which is considered “an extinct lineage of the pollen-collecting apoidea sister to modern bees,“ that dates from the early Cretaceous period. This means the fossil is more than 100 million years old. 3 【正确答案】 The author in the reading section is quite adamant

48、that there is no convincing evidence to support the theory that bees have been living on this planet for up to 200 million years. Conversely, the professor claims that it is a scientific fact that bees already existed as a separate species of insect 200 million years ago. First, the passage states t

49、hat no definitive bee fossils have ever been found, proving they didnt exist so long ago. The professor counters that fossils can only be formed from the remains of dead animals or plants. Therefore, bee fossils could not have been formed 200 million years ago since there were no trees, and that just because their remains have not been found does not mean they did not exist. Next, the passage says that 200 million years ago, there were no flowers for bees to receive their nectar and pollen from, and without flowers, the bees could never have sustained. The