[外语类试卷]托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编2及答案与解析.doc

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1、托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 2及答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain

2、a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your e

3、ssay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rules that societies today expect young people to follow and obey are too strict. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this

4、 task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, th

5、e organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your essay in the space provided. Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has more effect on your happ

6、iness than your living environment does. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the sam

7、e topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lect

8、ure. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writi

9、ng and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. The term “databas

10、e“ is one of the many increasingly common words dealing with technology coined in our time. The term refers to an organized collection of data. The data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information. The modern medical field i

11、n particular has benefited a great deal from this innovation. Traditionally, medical data was usually recorded on paper, which naturally required an adequate supply of paper and enough space for its storage. So, hospitals had to spend a lot of money on purchasing the paper, having it delivered, and

12、storing it. In addition, paper was made from processed wood, and was not environmentally friendly. Thankfully, due to the advancements in record-keeping technology, if we need to look up a patients medical history, theres no need to waste time and energy storing and referencing paper records; we can

13、 simply search a database to find the required information. In this way, computer-based databases of medical records are more economical and efficient than traditional paper records. Precision is a necessity in the medical field, as any tiny mistake could become life-threatening. The traditional way

14、 of documenting medical records on paper increased the probability of handwritten mistakes. Conversely, when medical records are stored in a database, all records are entered directly into computers, and the computers process the whole message at once. This eliminates common handwriting mistakes and

15、 in doing so, leads to better medical care for patients. No advanced medical accomplishments can be achieved without years of research. However, research requires numerous experiments and the resulting quantities of data can be difficult for humans to analyze on their own. With the assistance of med

16、ical databases and modern computing power, scientists can analyze these vast stores of data in greater depth and with greater speed than ever before, which can lead to medical breakthroughs that benefit all of humanity. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read a

17、bout. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 4 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture a

18、bout the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage

19、and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality o

20、f your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. The s

21、milodons, a type of sabre-toothed tiger, despite having been extinct for thousands of years, nevertheless continue to attract much scientific research. Recently the question of whether they were social animals or not has aroused a heated debate. As far as we are concerned, they belong to the social

22、animal classification, which is explained in the following paragraphs. First, smilodons lived in both South and North America from 1.8 million to 100,000 years ago, and through observing fossils from that period, scientists found evidence that some smilodons were wounded but still managed to survive

23、. This raises an obvious question: Without the company of other members, how could the wounded smilodons survive? The wounded tigers needed other members of the pack to hunt for them and tend to their wounds. Fossils suggest that smilodons are social animals. Second, smilodon fossils discovered in t

24、he Rhea Kapoor tar pit in Los Angeles reflect a scene of their joint hunting at that time. An herbivore was caught in the sticky tar pit and on the verge of dying, and began attracting many hungry predators such as smilodons. However, during the process of capturing and eating the wounded beast stuc

25、k in the tar, many smilodons were also trapped in the gooey mess and died together as a group. Third, living and hunting together would have improved smilodons competitive advantages. Though nowadays most tigers live and hunt alone, smilodons were quite different. Living in a time period where the n

26、atural environment was harsh and game was limited, smilodons had to cooperate with each other to hunt successfully, and in turn survive as a species. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you ju

27、st heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 2答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 【正确答案】 Social rules play an important role in every society, but whether or not the rules for young people are reasonable can be controversial. Some peopl

28、e believe that social rules for young people today are too strict, while others think they are reasonable. I believe that social rules for young people are not only reasonable, but good, because they help young people behave themselves and prevent them from hurting themselves. First and foremost, so

29、cial rules exist as a way to instruct young people in proper conduct. For example, society expects young people to go to school every day and spend most of their day studying this is to his or her own benefit. If this rule didnt exist, young people might waste all their time playing video games or p

30、articipating in other unimportant activities instead of spending their time learning how to read, write, and do mathematics. In this way, social rules help young people to use their time well and make good preparations for the future. Another reason that social rules are good for young people is tha

31、t they protect them from hurting themselves. As has always been the case, young people today are likely to make foolish decisions if they do not have rules that set clear boundaries for their behaviors. For example, many students today get involved in drugs. Without rules against these substances, e

32、ven more students would try these things. Drugs can do long-term damage to young peoples futures because their minds and bodies can be severely damaged; some even die from overdosing. Social rules should therefore not be seen as strict and restrictive, but as good guides for young people that are in

33、 place to help both the individual as well as society as a whole. Since young people today are both helped and protected by social rules, I do not believe the rules are overly strict. Young people should be thankful for these rules rather than complain about them. 【试题解析】 “社会规则 ”一词听上去非常高大上，无从下手。但是我们只

34、要把它和我们的生活联系起来题目就会变得容易多了。 “未成年人禁止进入网吧 ”， “禁止吸食毒品 ”， “中高考的设置 ”等等都是社会规则。这些规则看似很严格，却是十分合理和有必要的。如果没有这些规则的约束，年轻人在自控力不强的情况下很容易走错路。 2 【正确答案】 For a truly peaceful existence, a person needs both a comfortable and satisfying career, as well as a happy living environment. However, ones living environment is pro

35、bably more important for contentment than ones job, because people spend far more time at home than they do at work, and it is easier to change jobs than living environments. One way of judging the impact a certain factor has on our lives is by looking at how much time we spend exposed to it In this

36、 sense, theres no contest between the career and living environment: even the hardest-working employees still spend the majority of their time at home. Even if problems occur on the job, most people try to put those problems aside when they get to their house or apartment. People eat, sleep, bond wi

37、th friends and family, and relax in their homes. My mother sometimes works as many as sixty hours per week, but she still gets to relax when she gets home each night. Despite working so many hours, she still spends the majority of her time in her own house. Since we experience the majority of our ha

38、ppy times at home, it is obvious that living environment affects us more than our job. Another reason living environment is more crucial to happiness than career is that it is much more difficult to change our home environment than it is a job. Most people only change apartments or houses at most on

39、ce a year, due to lease agreements and mortgages. However, changing jobs or companies is much easier, and more common. Changing living situations requires more planning and commitment. When I had to transfer to a new city for my career, it was much harder to deal with my living situation than to get

40、 settled into a new position at work. Due to the relative difficulty associated with changing ones home environment as opposed to changing ones job, it should be abundantly clear just how important said home environment is to our overall happiness. Home is our comfort zone, the place where we unwind

41、 and relax. Home life affects our happiness more than our career. After all, because of the amount of time spent at home as well as the difficulty of changing homes, the place we choose to live is often the very cornerstone of our entire lives. 【试题解析】 工作和生活是我们人生最重要的两部分，但是哪一个更重要呢 ?从时间上看，哪怕是工作狂，待在家里的时

42、间也比工作的时间多。一个舒适的环境能够为我们工作后疲惫的身心提供一个避风港，而且房子换起来要比工作更麻烦，更需要我们审慎考虑。因此，从这些方面来看，生活环境比工作更重要。 Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 【听力原文】 The modern medical record database can be regarded as a technological product of our age, and again, like any other product, it has its own limitations. The superfici

43、al convenience brought on by the medical record database cannot cover up its unavailability. Most doctors, in all the years preceding computer technology, have formed the habit of writing medical records on paper. Whats more, imagine this scenario: is it likely that in an emergency, doctors will sti

44、ll choose to turn on the computer and input all the records and pertinent information on a keyboard with 26 letters scattered about arbitrarily? Of course not. Instead, they will find a piece of paper immediately and write down whats on their minds. Therefore, the expenses put into the transportatio

45、n and storage of paper cannot actually be saved, because they are necessary in the medical profession. When in the process of examining patients, doctors are accustomed to writing medical records on paper, and they often will have nurses or assistants input the data into a computer for them. This me

46、thod causes more mistakes, because the typists, due to the doctors poor handwriting, may confuse one word with another and therefore input the wrong data into the computer. So, medical record databases cannot reduce the possibility of life-threatening mistakes. As to the possible benefits of using p

47、atients medical records as references for future research mentioned in the reading, as everyone with common sense should know, it is absolutely illegal. All patients medical records are protected by very stringent laws and cannot be cited easily. Only if the patients themselves agree to publicize th

48、eir records can hospitals make use of them for future research. Hence, reality is a far cry from being as easy as what was discussed in the reading. 3 【正确答案】 In the reading passage, the author mentions that “database“ means an organized collection of data and it particularly benefits modern medicine

49、 in many ways. The professor disagrees, and points out flaws with the computerized database approach. First, the reading suggests that the use of paper for medical records is inefficient, expensive, and bad for the environment; in contrast, the use of databases to store medical records is more economical and efficient. Countering this argument, the professor says that doctors are used to jotting down their findings on paper, and it is inconvenient for them to log onto a computer and type in data that could have been written by hand much faster. The next point in