[外语类试卷]托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编1及答案与解析.doc

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1、托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain

2、a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your e

3、ssay in the space provided. Question Which of the following statements do you agree with, and why? Parents should spend more time playing games or doing sports with their children, or they should spend more time helping their children with their schoolwork? Use specific reasons and examples to suppo

4、rt your answer. 2 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience Directions: For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state, explain, and support your opinion on an issue. Typically, an effective essay will contain a minimum of 300 words. Your essay will be judged

5、 on the quality of your writing. This includes the development of your ideas, the organization of your essay, and the quality and accuracy of the language you use to express your ideas. You have 30 minutes to plan and complete your essay. Write your essay in the space provided. Question Do you agree

6、 or disagree with the following statement? Should governments financially support musicians, filmmakers, and artists? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a p

7、assage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as c

8、ompletely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will b

9、e 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space pro

10、vided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. A silver coin was found at the Goddard site, an ancient Native American village in Maine. Scientists said this “Maine penny“ was a Norwegian silver penny. Some people believed the Maine penny was brought here by Vikings. However, there is n

11、o reliable confirmation or documentation of the Goddard coin as a Viking relic. The Norse coin from Maine should probably be considered a hoax. This small silver coin was excavated at the Goddard site, a large prehistoric Native American trade village in Penobscot Bay, Maine. The Norwegian silver pe

12、nny found in Maine is too far away from other silver coins that have been found, so a more likely explanation for the coins presence is that it was obtained by natives somewhere else, perhaps in Newfoundland, and then eventually reached the Goddard site through native trade channels. The suggestion

13、that the coin was brought to America by Vikings is ill-founded. Archaeologists have never found any more silver coins in other surrounding places. The Goddard coin remains the only pre-Columbian Norse artifact generally regarded as genuine found within the United States. The fact is that no Viking c

14、oins have yet been found north or west of Iceland. Finally, Kolbjorn Skaare of the University of Oslo determined the coin had been minted between 1065 and 1080 AD and widely circulated in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. At that time, silver was one of Europes key resources, and silver drachmas

15、 were popular trade coins. However, Native Americans had no concept of the value of silver coins like these. So, Vikings had no reason to bring silver coins over such great distances to America. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Su

16、mmarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage. 4 Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You

17、may take notes while you read and listen. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The ques

18、tion does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the

19、 completeness and accuracy of the content. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided. Reading You will have 3 minutes to read the passage. Speed limits are used in most

20、countries to regulate the speed of on-road motor vehicles. There are several reasons for governments doing this, such as keeping travel safe, protecting the environment and reducing the cost of fuel. Enacting speed limits is often done with the intention of improving road safety and reducing the num

21、ber of traffic casualties from collisions. Data in 1974 showed that speed limits could reduce traffic accidents. In an international report on road traffic injury prevention, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified speed control as one of the various interventions most likely to reduce road c

22、asualties. Speed limits may also be set in an attempt to reduce the environmental impact of road traffic, such as vehicle noise, vibration, and carbon emissions, as well as to adhere to local community demands. Speed limits are often in response to environmental concerns. They can be used to improve

23、 local air quality or tackle other factors affecting the environment. The European Union is also increasingly using speed limits in response to environmental concerns. In addition, lower speed limits are effective at saving fuel. Some cities have reduced limits in certain areas to as little as 30 km

24、/h (19 mph) for fuel efficiency reasons. Significant fuel savings can be achieved by encouraging drivers to maintain a consistent low speed, commonly referred to as “eco-driving.“ For instance, some European countries have already succeeded in “eco-driving“ practices. This works due to effective enf

25、orcement of speed limits. Sometimes, however, drivers ignore this easy way to conserve fuel. Then you will hear: Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. Lecture Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made i

26、n the reading passage. 托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编 1答案与解析 Writing Based on Knowledge and Experience 1 【正确答案】 When thinking about the issue that parents should spend more time playing games or doing sports with their children, different people will have different ideas. While some people may believe sports and ga

27、mes are lots of fun and are great for the mental and physical development of children, I think that for parents kidsstudy will always take precedence. Parents should try to spend more time helping their children with their schoolwork, because schoolwork has more bearing on a child s future. Sports a

28、nd games are a great way to release stress, but they often have little effect on a childs future. Unless a child shows remarkable natural ability and passion for a particular sport, sports and other games should be treated as a hobby only. Very few kids grow up to become professional athletes, so sm

29、art parents will emphasize academic excellence, and encourage their youngsters to study harder and prepare for their future careers. Parents should encourage kids to play games and get daily exercise to stay in good health, but, at the same time, should also make sure that they finish their homework

30、 on time every day and offer assistance as necessary. Although playing sports has many benefits for children that should not be overlooked, it will not ensure a young persons future academic and career success, so parents must emphasize work over play. Furthermore, if parents constantly play games w

31、ith their children but take no interest in their studies, then parents are setting a bad example for their kids. If a child sees his or her parents take great interest in playing games but none in going over homework, then that kid may end up feeling that homework and school are not important. Too m

32、any parents obsessed with sports and games have seen their children underperform first in school, and later in a career. My nephews school performance doesnt reach his full potential, and in my opinion, this can be largely attributed to the fact that his father makes sure to play football with his s

33、on regularly, but never sits down and helps with his homework. Good parents will always emphasize the insurmountable importance of schoolwork and remind their kids that sports and games are only a way to release stress from studies. Sports and games are great ways for parents to bond with their chil

34、dren, but they should always come second to the kids schoolwork. After all, it is the schoolwork that will have a greater influence on the childrens future success. 【试题解析】 我们小的时候父母总是说 “先把作业 做完再出去玩 ”这样的话，这并不是没道理的。体育锻炼和做游戏虽然可以锻炼身体，沟通感情，但是从更加长远的角度来说，学习影响着我们未来的发展，因此更加重要。所以，父母要首先关注孩子的学习，再陪他们一起玩耍。 2 【正确答案

35、】 Whether or not governments should financially support musicians, filmmakers, and artists is an often debated topic. While some people may feel that governments should not financially support artists for they contribute little to the countrys finance, I do not believe that this is the case. A world

36、 without music, film, or other arts would be very boring, and very bleak. The arts enrich peoples lives and provide an outlet for self-expression. I believe that governments should financially support musicians, filmmakers, and artists because people need the release that art gives them. In addition

37、, art can often bring in massive profits for all those involved and says a lot about the culture from which it originates. First, governments must understand that art gives both the artists and audiences a sense of pleasure and release, which is important for a happy population. Whether it is a time

38、 of peace or war, economic prosperity or recession, people are always creating art to comment on the times. If the government does not fund arts, then people may be left without an outlet for self-expression and relaxation, which may affect the happiness of a countrys population as a whole. In count

39、ries that do not sponsor musicians and filmmakers, there is often a great sense of general dissatisfaction. Nations with a strong interest in arts tend to have a much higher index of happiness. Therefore, if governments want to avoid a distrustful public, they should invest in different kinds of art

40、s. Furthermore, investing in the arts often yields great profits for all parties involved, if governments are smart about whom they invest in. Many government-sponsored art projects throughout the world have brought in increased tourism and millions of dollars in state revenue. Putting some money in

41、to music, film, and other art forms can actually make a country stronger economically. For example, most of Frances tourism comes from people interested in their museums, architecture, music, and film. The same goes for many Asian countries. On the contrary, countries that do not sponsor arts are al

42、ways the ones that struggle to appeal to tourists. Finally, a nations art tells about its culture and character, and every government should be interested in this. When historians look back on ancient cultures, the first thing they examine is always the art and architecture that culture produced, be

43、cause we know that a culture and the art it produces are deeply intertwined. Almost everything we know about ancient China comes from their architecture, paintings, poetry, stories, and music. The same is true of many other cultures. If governments want people to remember and respect their nation in

44、 the future, they should dedicate more attention and resources to sponsoring the arts. When governments ignore artistic expression, it is usually indicative of an ignorance about the nations culture and history. Art gives release, brings in national revenue, and documents history, so conservation an

45、d support of the arts is something all governments should focus more on. 【试题解析】 表面上看，艺术和政治联系很不紧密。但是这种精神产品常常潜移默化地影响着我们的生活，比如我们通过看电影和听歌来舒缓压力。旅游出行时，我们参观历史文化景点的同时，也在感受当地的艺术文化气息。在这一过程中，我们老百姓获得了精神上的满足，投资者也从中收获了丰厚的利润。因此，政府应该支持艺术创作，做一箭双雕的好事儿。 Writing Based on Reading and Listening 3 【听力原文】 Lecture-Script We

46、ll, I hope you enjoyed todays reading. Unfortunately, the whole passage is one long fairy tale. Lets consider the evidence presented, which is not very convincing. The first thing I want to say is that Nordic explorers liked to travel around the known world. Its highly likely that Norse living in Gr

47、eenland visited North America. According to historic records, the Vikings settled in Greenland and Iceland, and even lived for a time in several places between Newfoundland and Massachusetts. With this in mind, explorers could have taken silver coins to any location, anywhere in the known world, on

48、their journeys. I can explain why there isnt any other Norwegian silver penny found in Maine. At that period, silver coins were important currency in circulation. Silver coins were treasured by Vikings as highly as gold and precious stones back then. So when European explorers left America, they pro

49、bably took all of their silver coins back with them. Its no surprise, then, that archaeologists have not found more Norwegian silver pennies in North America. In my opinion, even if the natives did not know the value of silver coins or any currency at that time, they were easily attracted to the shining silver coins, and made necklaces of them. I have important evidence to prove my speculation. By some accounts, the penny found in the Goddard site, the ancient village in Maine, was with a perforation, hinting it was used as a pendant. 3 【正确答案】 The reading