[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷153及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 153及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1有些人愿意和父母居住在一起 2 有些人想自己独立居住 3我的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension
2、(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark: Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement
3、 contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Scientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New Orleans As experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated(毁坏 )city, one question is whether to wall off-or work-with-the water. Even
4、before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied, scientists arc cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans. Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S. commerce and culture will be restored, but exactly how to rebuild the city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe
5、 is an open question. Plans for improving its levees and restoring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998, but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived. After the tragedy, thats bound to change, says John Day, an ecologist at Louisiana State Univer
6、sity (LSU) in Baton Rouge. And if there is an upside to the disaster, he says, its that “now weve got a clean slate to start from.“ Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands, a country that, just like bowl-shaped New Orleans, sits mostly below sea level, keeping the water at bay with a constr
7、uction of amazing scale and complexity. Others, pointing to Venices longstanding adaptations, say its best to let water flow through the city, depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidence-a model that would require a radical rethinking of architecture. Another idea is to let nature help by rest
8、oring the wetland buffers between sea and city. But before the options can be weighed, several unknowns will have to be addressed. One is precisely how the current defenses failed. To answer that, LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriqui are picking their way through the destroyed city
9、and surrounding region, reconstructing the size of water surges by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildings and highway structures. They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ordeal. “We cant say for sure until this job is done,“
10、says Day, “but the emerging picture is exactly what weve predicted for years.“ Namely, several canals-including the MRGO, which was built to speed shipping in the 1960s-have the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to the citys eastern levees and the lake system to the n
11、orth. Those surges are to blame for the flooding. “One of the first things well see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal,“ predicts Day, “which could take a couple of years.“ The levees, which have been provisionally repaired, will be shored up further in the months to come, although t
12、heir long-term fate is unclear. Better levees would probably have prevented most of the flooding in the city center. To provide further protection, a mobile clam system, much like a storm Surge barrier in the Netherlands, could be used to close off the mouth of Lake Pontchartrain. But most experts a
13、gree that these are short-term fixes. The basic problem for New Orleans and the Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding, plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands that once buffered the coastline from wind and wa
14、ves. Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable, but the rest stems from the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping. As a result, river sediment is no longer spread across the delta but dumped into th
15、e Gulf of Mexico. Without a constant stream of fresh sediment, the barrier islands and marshes are disappearing rapidly, with a quarter, roughly the size of Rhode Island, already gone. After years of political wrangling, a broad group pulled together by the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a ma
16、ssive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts, called Coast 2050 (now modified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project). Wetland restoration was a key component. “Its one of the best and cheapest hurricane defenses,“ says Day, who chaired its scientific advisory committee. Althou
17、gh the plan was never given more than token funding, a team led by Day has been conducting a pilot study since 2000, diverting part of the Mississippi into the wetlands downstream of the city. “The results are as good as we could have hoped,“ he says, with land levels rising at about 1 centimeter pe
18、r year-enough to offset rising sea levels, says Day. Even if the wetlands were restored and new levees were built, the combination of geologic subsidence and rising sea levels will likely sink New Orleans another meter by 2100. The problem might be solved by another ambitious plan, says Roel Boumans
19、, a coastal scientist at the University of Vermont in Burlington who did his Ph.D. at LSU: shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment piped in from the river. The majority of the buildings in the flooded areas will have to be razed anyway, he says, “so why not take this opportunity to fix
20、the root of the problem?“ The river could deposit enough sediment to raise the bottom of the New Orleans bowl to sea level “in 50 to 60 years,“ he estimates. In the meantime, people could live in these areas Venice-style, with buildings built on stilts. Boumans even takes it a step further: “You wou
21、ld have to raise everything about 30 centimeters once every 30 years, so why not make the job easier by making houses that can float.“ Whether that is technically or politically feasible-Day, for one, calls it “not likely“-remains to be seen, especially because until now, the poorest residents lived
22、 in the lowest parts of the city. Any decision on how best to protect the city in the future will be tied to how many people will live there, and where. “There may be a large contingent of residents and businesses who choose not to return,“ says Bill Good, an environmental scientist at LSU and manag
23、er of the Louisiana Geological Surveys Coastal Processes section. It is also not yet clear how decisions about the reconstruction will be made, says Good, “Since there is no precedent of comparable magnitude.“ Every level of government is sure to be involved, and “the process is likely to be ad hoc.
24、“ Even with the inevitable mingling of science and politics, we still have “a unique chance to back out of some bad decisions,“ says Good, who grew up in New Orleans. “I hope that we dont let this once-in-history opportunity slip through our fingers in the rush to rebuild the city.“ 2 The canals hav
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