[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷151及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 151及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1目前网络教育形成热潮 2我认为 形成这股热潮的原因是 3我对网络教育的评价 二、 Part II Reading Comprehen
2、sion (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark: Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the stat
3、ement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Will We Run Out of Water? Picture a “ghost ship“ sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and ch
4、emical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages. Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral sea (咸海 ) in Central Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea
5、in order to irrigate (provide water for) farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding (使搁浅 ) ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species offish. Similar largecale efforts to redirect water in other p
6、arts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for wat
7、er, and more people will need more water in the next century. “Growing populations will worsen problems with water,“ says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that b
8、y the year 2025, as many as one-third of the worlds projected (预测的 ) 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages. WHERE WATER GOES Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Proje
9、ct in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers (冰山 ) and ice caps (冰盖 ). In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation (rain or snow)
10、. Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live, In fact, the worlds population has access to only 12,500 cub
11、ic kilometers of freshwater about the amount of water in Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖 ). And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,“ says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic (水的 ) environment.“ CLOSE TO HOME Water woes(灾难 ) may seem
12、remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers (地下蓄水层 ), layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface
13、 water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.) Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish(补充 ) it. In northwest Texas, for example, overpumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, a
14、ccording to Postel. Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the
15、 Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell iii in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium (隐孢子虫 ), a microbe (微生物 ) that causes fever, diarrhea (腹泻 ) and vomiting. THE SOURCE Where so contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw (未经处理的
16、) sewage(污水 ) into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne (饮水传染的 ) diseases. In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals poll
17、ute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (多氯化联二苯 ), or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.) But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners (稀释剂
18、 ) down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste. Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and i
19、nsects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen rich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc (大破坏 ) on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas, Too many nitrates “over-enrich“ these bodies of water, encou
20、raging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of tile water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. WHATS THE SOLUTION? Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-re
21、lated problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building smallscale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than I billion people worldwide dont have access to basic clean drinking water,“ says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push o
22、n the part of everyonegovernments and ordinary people to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.“ 2 That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink. ( A) Y ( B) N ( C) NG 3 The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more good than h
23、arm. ( A) Y ( B) N ( C) NG 4 The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution. ( A) Y ( B) N ( C) NG 5 The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution ( A) Y ( B) N ( C) NG 6 According to the passage all water pollutants com
24、e from household waste. ( A) Y ( B) N ( C) NG 7 The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages. ( A) Y ( B) N ( C) NG 8 Water expert Gleick has come up with the best solution to water-related problems. ( A) Y ( B) N ( C) NG 9 According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2
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