[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷59及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 59及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature. It is a moral quality. The absence of it is not an assured ground of condemnation, but the presence of it is an invariabl

2、e sign of goodness of heart. In proportion to the degree in which it is felt will probably be the degree in which nobleness and beauty of character will be attained. Natural beauty is an all-pervading presence. The universe is its temple. It unfolds into the numberless flowers of spring. It waves in

3、 the branches of trees and the green blades of grass. It haunts the depths of the earth and the sea. It gleams from the hues of the shell and the precious stone. And not only these minute objects but the oceans, the mountains, the clouds, the stars, the rising and the setting sunall overflow with be

4、auty. This beauty is so precious, and so congenial to our tenderest and noblest feelings, that it is painful to think of the multitude of people living in the midst of it and yet remaining almost blind to it. 2 It is an illusion that youth is happy, an illusion of those who have lost it; but the you

5、ng know they are wretched, for they are full of the truthless ideals which have been instilled into them, and each time they come in contact with the real they are bruised and wounded. It looks as if they were victims of a conspiracy; for the books they read, ideal by the necessity of selection, and

6、 the conversation of their elders, who look back upon the past through a rosy haze of forgetfulness, prepare them for an unreal life. They must discover for themselves that all they have read and all they have been told are lies, lies, lies; and each discovery is another nail drivens into the body o

7、n the cross of life. The strange thing is that each one who has gone through that bitter disillusionment adds to it in his turn, unconsciously, by the power within him which is stronger than himself. 3 How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy

8、of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. In the spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud

9、 the first sign of awakening Nature after her winters sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel t

10、he happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open finger. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the page ant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action

11、of which streams through my finger tips. 4 We went fishing the first morning. I fell the same damp moss covering the worms in the bait can, and saw the dragonfly alight on the tip of my rod as it hovered a few inches from the surface of water. It was the arrival of this fly that convinced me beyond

12、any doubt that everything was as it always had been, that the years were a mirage and that there had been no years. The small waves were the same chucking the rowboat under the chin as we fished at anchor, and the boat was the same boat, the same color green and the ribs broken in the same places, a

13、nd under the floorboards the same freshwater leavings and debristhe wisps of moss, the rusty discarded fishhook, the dried blood from yesterdays catch. We stared silently at the tips of our rods, at the dragonflies that came and went. I lowered the tip of mine into the water, tentatively, pensively

14、dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away, poised, darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up the rod. We would be tired at night and lie down in the accumulated heat of the bedrooms after the long hot day and the breeze would stir almost imperceptibly outside and the smel

15、l of the swamp drift in through the rusty screens. Sleep would come easily and in the morning the red squirrel would be on the roof, tapping out his gay routine. 5 It is simple enough to say that since books have classesfiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is

16、right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce o

17、ur own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the

18、fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. 专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷 59答案与解析 SECTION B ENGL

19、ISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【正确答案】 爱美之心是健全人性的必要组成部分。它是一种精神品质。不爱美不一定不好，但爱美则是心地善良的恒久标志。爱美的程度可能与性格高贵美好的程度成正比。 自然之美无处不在。宇宙是其殿堂，美在春天的无数花蕊中绽 放，美在树枝绿草间摇曳，美在陆地和海洋的深处萦绕，美在贝壳和宝石的光芒中闪烁。除了这些微小的事物，海洋、高山、云层、群星、朝阳和落日，都充满着美。这种美是如此珍贵，与我们内心最温柔、最高贵的情感又如此契合，因此一想到大多数人身在其中，却又几乎

20、熟视无睹，就令人倍感痛心。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中的 healthy在这里不是指 “健康的 ”，而是指 “健全的，完善的 ”。 2第一段第三句中的 assured ground指 “充分的理由 ”； condemnation指 “责难 ”。前半句若直译即为 “缺乏爱美之心并不 是招致责难的充分理由 ”；意译即 “不爱美不一定不好 ”。 3第一段第四句是个倒装句， (be)in proportion to指 “与 成比例 ”。 4第二段第一句 an all-pervading presence指 “随处可见的 ”。 5第二段第三句至第六句为四个 It作主语的排比句式， It指 “美 ”，

21、翻译时注意让译文也体现出排比效果。 6第二段第三句中的 unfolds指 “展开，呈现 ”。 7第二段第五句中的 haunts指 “经常到 ” ，引申为 “随处可见 ”。 8第二段第六句中的 gleams指 “闪现 ”。 9第二 段倒数第二句中的 minute是形容词，指 “细微的 ”； ovenflow with指 “充满着 ”。 10最后一句中的 congenial to指 “与 相宜的 ”； the multitude of people指 “大多数人 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 认为青春是快乐的，这是一种错觉，是那些失去了青春的人的一种错觉。年轻人知道，自己是不幸的，

22、因为脑子里充斥了被灌输的不切实际的想法，每次与现实接触时，都被撞得头破血流。年轻人似乎是某种阴谋的受害者：他们所阅读的书籍因为经过精心挑选而过于理想化； 长辈们的教导谏言也因他们透过遗忘的美丽朦胧去回望过去而不合时宜。所有的这些都给年轻人呈现了并不真实的生活。他们必须为了自身去发现他们所有读到的东西是谎言，听到的东西也是谎言，一切全是谎言。每一次这样的发现，都像是又一根钉子钉入他们的身体 那个已经束缚在生活这个十字架上的身体。可是奇怪的是，每个曾经遭受这种错觉的人会不自觉地接着产生错觉，因为其体内有一股本身无法控制的力量在左右着他们。 【试题解析】 1第一句是由分号隔开的并列句，翻译分号前的内

23、容要注意汉语习惯将表达观点的成分放在后面，因此需调整语序 ；翻译分号后的内容要注意将定语从句译为汉语的前置定语； wretched意为 “不幸的 ”； truthless ideals可译为“不切实际的想法 ”； bruised and wounded可引申译为 “撞得头破血流 ”。 2第二句要注意后置定语和定语从句的翻译。 ideal by the necessity of selection是the books theyread的定语，可译为 “他们所阅读的书籍因为经过精心挑选而过于理想化 ”； who引导的是非限制性定语从句，翻译时要注意和中心词的关系，避免生硬、拗口； selectio

24、n可译为 “精心挑选 ”； a rosy haze of forgetfulness可译为 “遗忘的美丽朦胧 ”。 3第三句要注意三个 lies的翻译。如果按照原文结构进行重复，一来不符合汉语表达习惯，二来不能充分展现作者的语气，因此译文要采取排比的表达手法，可增加气势；其中 on thecross of life翻译时，需补充出其中的深意 “身体被束缚在生活这个十字架上 ”。 4第四句结构复杂，翻译时要搞清各成分之间的逻辑关系。本句的难点在于表语从句的翻译，其句子主干是 each oneadds to it by the power within him ，其他成分要补人相应的位置；将 wh

25、o has gone through that bitter disillusionment译为 each one的前置定语 “每个曾经被这种错觉折磨过的人 ”；which is stronger than himself也译为 the power的前置定语 “一股本身无法控制的力量 ”；其中 in his turn可译为 “接着 ”； unconsciously可译为 “不自觉地 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 我问 自己，在树林中走一小时怎么可能看不到值得注意的景色呢 ?而我，一个看不到任何东西的盲人只是通过触摸都能发现很多有趣的东西。我感受到树叶的精巧匀称。我深情地抚摸着白

26、桦树光滑的树皮，松树粗糙毛绒的树皮。春天里，我满怀希望地触摸着树枝寻找新芽，那是大自然冬眠后醒来的第一个征象。我感受到花朵的可爱和茸茸的质感，知道它层层叠叠地绽放着，大自然的神奇就这样展现在我的面前。有时我把手轻轻地放在小树上，如果幸运的话，会感受到小鸟唱歌时欢快的颤动。当清凉的溪水从手指之间流过时，我也无比愉快。 【试题解析】 1第一句的 worthy of note可译为 “值得注意的 ”；翻译 see nothing 时，可将否定转移到修饰动词 see上，译为 “看不到 ”。 2第二句的 hundreds of things直译为 “成百上千 ”，引申为 “很多 ”。 3第六句的 vel

27、vety意为 “茸茸的 ”； convolutions本义为 “回旋，卷旋 ”，在此形容花朵，引申为 “层层叠叠 ”。 4在翻译第六句后半句 something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me时，应转化为主 动表达形式。 5在翻译最后一句时要注意，汉语习惯将表情感的成分后置，故将 have the cool waters of abrook rush through my open finger提前翻译。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 头天上午我们去湖边垂钓。我捻搓着盖在鱼饵罐上昔日的那种湿润苔藓，眼望着蜻蜓时而停歇在竿尖上，时而

28、贴近水面低空盘旋。正是这蜻蜓的光临使我坚信世间万物永葆旧颜，岁月只不过是海市蜃楼般的幻象之物，了然无痕。 将划艇停泊在湖边，我们就在艇上钓起鱼来。湖 上涟漪荡漾依旧，轻轻摩挲着小艇。小艇还是旧模样，绿色的艇身，几根断梁仍在，舱板下面昔日那些残留废弃之物仍然可见：废弃的锈鱼钩、死去的虫饵、还有捕鱼留下的斑斑血迹。我们都静静地盯着竿尖，注视着那来回飞窜的蜻蜓。我试探性地，小心翼翼地把竿尖低垂至水中，希望能把它赶离我的鱼竿，可惜那只蜻蜓飞出两英尺外，在半空中稍作停留后，又飞回竿尖不远处休息。 【试题解析】 1首段第二句为一个复合句，主句包含了两个并列谓语： felt the same damp mo

29、ss covering theworms in the bait can和 saw the dragonfly alight on the tip of my rod，后面是一个 as引导的状语从句。在翻译时，状语转化成谓语：卣接译出，构成 “时而停歇在竿尖上，时而贴近水面低空盘旋 ”这样的平行句式，增强语句的节奏感。 2首段第三句是一个强调句，句子主语是 the arrival of this fly， convinced me之后出现了三个由 that引导的同位语从句作宾语补足语。同样，翻译时要注意句式平衡和语句的节奏感。例如，冒号前一部分内容的字面意思是 “正是蜻蜓的到 访使我确信每一个

30、事物总会保持着它固有的模样 ”，在语义不变的情况下，可以翻译得更优美，更有节奏感，即 “正是这蜻蜓的光临使我坚信世间万物永葆旧颜 ”。 3第二段首句是个长句，主要分为两部分，第一个分句的主干结构是 The small waves were thesame chucking the rowboat， as we fished at anchor是时间状语从句。句中 chuck的意思是 “轻拍 ”， chucking the rowboat under the chin的字面意思是 “轻轻地抚弄着划艇的下巴 ”，而 句中的第二个 same是指主语中的 small waves。译文可为： “湖上涟漪

31、荡漾依旧，轻轻摩挲着小艇 ”。翻译时，把这个分句拆分成两部分译出，按照汉语表达习惯，将状语提前。 4第二段首句第二个分句出现了几个并列表语，翻译时注意表达顺畅，符合汉语表达习惯即可。例如， the ribs broken in the same places字面意思是 “被打断的肋骨也没有痊愈 ”，这与语境不符，想象当时的场景，可译成 “几根断梁仍在 ”。此外，破折号后面的几个名词在翻译时要处理得当。 5第二段第三句为主从复合句， I lowered the tip of mine into the water为主干部分， which引导定语从句，为了符合汉语表达习惯，需进行断句处理。 【知识

32、模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 显而易见，因为书籍有很多种类一一譬如小说、传记、诗歌 故应加以区分，从每种体裁中汲取相应的营养。然而鲜有人从书中求索其真味。我们读书时多是思维模糊，内心矛盾，想让小说真实，让诗歌虚构，让传记不吝溢美之词，让历史强化个人偏见。 如果读书时能够摒弃这些先人之见，便是开了一个好头。不应对作者颐指气使，而 要与之感同身受，当他的伙伴，做他的 “同谋 ”。如果一开始就退避三舍，有所保留，横加指责，那么你就无法从阅读中获得最大的收益。但是如果你尽可能地敞开心扉，那么字里行间的草蛇灰线，就会带你曲径通幽，洞开旁人无法领略的一片天地。 【试题解析】 1第一段第一句中，人称主语

33、可有可无，可略译； what it is right that each should give us是宾语从句作直接宾语， what若译为 “一切 ”较为抽象，可具体化为 “营养 ”。 2第二段首句中，应将 would be译为实意动词 “开了好头 ”，以 满足汉语动态化的特点。 3第二段第二句中， dictate to意为 “发号施令，强人所难 ”，故可译为 “颐指气使 ”； try tobecome him根据上下文，可译为 “与之感同身受 ”。 4第二段第三句中的 accomplice意为 “同伙，帮凶 ”，作者以戏谑的口吻将读者与作者的关系比作共犯。翻译时可保留此效果，但为了避免歧义，宜加引号。 【知识模块】 英译汉