[外语类试卷]2016年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（一）及答案与解析.doc

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1、2016年 6月大学英语四级真题试卷（一）及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） The International Labour Organizatio

2、ns key objective. （ B） The basic social protection for the most vulnerable. （ C） Rising unemployment worldwide. （ D） Global economic recovery. （ A） Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs. （ B） Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis. （ C） Few countries hav

3、e realised the seriousness of the current crisis. （ D） Many countries need support to improve their peoples livelihood. （ A） Serve standardised food nationwide. （ B） Put calorie information on the menu. （ C） Increase protein content in the food. （ D） Offer convenient food to customers. （ A） They wil

4、l be fined. （ B） They will be closed. （ C） They will get a warning. （ D） They will lose customers. （ A） Inability to implement their business plans. （ B） Inability to keep turning out novel products. （ C） Lack of a successful business model of their own. （ D） Failure to integrate innovation into the

5、ir business. （ A） It is the secret to business success. （ B） It is the creation of something new. （ C） It is a magic tool to bring big rewards. （ D） It is an essential part of business culture. （ A） Its hardworking employees. （ B） Its flexible promotion strategy. （ C） Its innovation culture. （ D） It

6、s willingness to make investments. Section B （ A） Hes got addicted to technology. （ B） He is not very good at socializing. （ C） He is crazy about text-messaging. （ D） He does not talk long on the phone. （ A） Talk big. （ B） Talk at length. （ C） Gossip a lot. （ D） Forget herself. （ A） He thought it wa

7、s cool. （ B） He needed the practice. （ C） He wanted to stay connected with them. （ D） He had an urgent message to send. （ A） It poses a challenge to seniors. （ B） It saves both time and money. （ C） It is childish and unprofessional. （ D） It is cool and convenient. （ A） He wants to change his job ass

8、ignment. （ B） He is unhappy with his department manager. （ C） He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime. （ D） He is often singled out for criticism by his boss. （ A） His workload was much too heavy. （ B） His immediate boss did not trust him. （ C） His colleagues often refused to cooperate. （ D） Hi

9、s salary was too low for his responsibility. （ A） He never knows how to refuse. （ B） He is always ready to help others. （ C） His boss has a lot of trust in him. （ D） His boss has no sense of fairness. （ A） Put all his complaints in writing. （ B） Wait and see what happens next. （ C） Learn to say no w

10、hen necessary. （ D） Talk to his boss in person first. Section C （ A） The importance of sleep to a healthy life. （ B） Reasons for Americans decline in sleep. （ C） Some tips to improve the quality of sleep. （ D） Diseases associated with lack of sleep. （ A） They are more health-conscious. （ B） They are

11、 changing their living habits. （ C） They get less and less sleep. （ D） They know the dangers of lack of sleep. （ A） Their weight will go down. （ B） Their mind function will deteriorate. （ C） Their work efficiency will decrease. （ D） Their blood pressure will rise. （ A） How much you can afford to pay

12、. （ B） What course you are going to choose. （ C） Which university you are going to apply to. （ D） When you are going to submit your application. （ A） The list of courses studied. （ B） The full record of scores. （ C） The references from teachers. （ D） The personal statement. （ A） Specify what they wo

13、uld like to do after graduation. （ B） Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying. （ C） Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject. （ D） Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university. （ A） It was equipped with rubber tyres. （ B） It was built in the late 19th c

14、entury. （ C） It was purchased by the Royal family. （ D） It was designed by an English engineer. （ A） They consumed lots of petrol. （ B） They took two passengers only. （ C） They were difficult to drive. （ D） They often broke down. （ A） They were produced on the assembly line. （ B） They were built wit

15、h less costly materials. （ C） They were modeled after British cars. （ D） They were made for ordinary use. （ A） It made news all over the world. （ B） It was built for the Royal family. （ C） It marked a new era in motor travel. （ D） It attracted large numbers of motorists. Section A 26 Physical activi

16、ty does the body good, and theres growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,【 C1】 _to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a【 C2】 _of 14 studies that looked at phy

17、sical activity and academic【 C3】 _, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school,【 C4】 _in the basic subjects of math, English and reading. The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools str

18、uggle to【 C5】 _on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U. S.【 C6】 _in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead

19、 of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be【 C7】 _exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood【 C8】 _to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are【 C9】 _to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve【 C10】 _and relieve stre

20、ss, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when theyre running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well. A)attendance I)mood B)consequently J)mutually C)current K)particularly D)depressing L)performance E)dropping M)review F

21、)essential N)survive G)feasible O)tend H)flow 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Finding the Right Home and Contentment, Too A)When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility a moment few parents or c

22、hildren approach without fear what you would like is to have everything made clear. B)Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an outmoded stereotype(固定看法

23、)? Can doing ones homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know. C)I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for

24、 when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating b

25、ody of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do. D)The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and

26、 smaller residential care homes(known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about t

27、he quality of the facilities. E)“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,“ said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption dont families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if the

28、y cant? F)In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction. G)But when the re

29、searchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents responses. “ It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics how healthy t

30、hey feel they are, their age and marital status,“ Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant. H)An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted l

31、iving(even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, no

32、t the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You cant just say, Lets put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home she will be much better off, “ Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and w

33、hat they find there. “ I)Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables the facilitys type, size or age: whether a chain owned it: how attractive

34、the neighborhood was had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happen

35、ed once they were there. J)As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its reside

36、nts or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.) K)Before we collectively tear our hair out how are we

37、 supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing? here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家 )at the University of North Carolina:“ In a way, that could be liberating for families. “ L)Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators

38、and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they dont have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “ Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,“ Dr. Sloane said. And involving

39、 the future resident in the process can be very important. M)We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place it is elegant, in

40、side and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned: nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table. N)The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided

41、 to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision. 37 Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents. 38 Though it helps for children

42、to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decisionmaking process may prove very important. 39 It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home. 40 How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.

43、 41 The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home. 42 The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place. 43 At first the researchers of the most rece

44、nt study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction. 44 What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think. 45 The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living. 46 A resident

45、s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there. Section C 46 As Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This dange

46、r can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code. Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, its necessary to translate our morals into AI language. For example, if a robot does chores arou

47、nd the house, you wouldnt want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “ You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,“ said Russell. Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep

48、 a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldt think thats the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would to. It will be possible to create more sophisticated mor

49、al machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless. The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌 ). One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a hum