ASTM C1039-1985(2010)e1 Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes《石墨电极的表观孔隙率 表观比重和体积密度的标准试验方法》.pdf

《ASTM C1039-1985(2010)e1 Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes《石墨电极的表观孔隙率 表观比重和体积密度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ASTM C1039-1985(2010)e1 Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes《石墨电极的表观孔隙率 表观比重和体积密度的标准试验方法》.pdf（3页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Designation: C1039 85 (Reapproved 2010)1An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forApparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and BulkDensity of Graphite Electrodes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the

2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated units of measurement throughout editorially in May

3、 2010.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of apparentporosity, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density of corestaken from graphite electrodes manufactured for use in electricarc furnaces. (See also C559 and C838.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.

4、 No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of r

5、egulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite ArticlesC783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite ElectrodesC838 Test Method for Bulk Density of As-ManufacturedCarbon and Gr

6、aphite Shapes3. Significance and Use3.1 The results of these test methods can be used as a qualitycontrol or quality assurance check of electrodes either duringtheir manufacture or at the users location. The results of thesemethods tend to be operator-sensitive, therefore, care must betaken in the e

7、xecution of the test in order to obtain reproducibleresults.4. Apparatus4.1 Drying Oven.4.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 g.4.3 Autoclave or Pressure Vessel, capable of withstandingone atmosphere externally and designed to withstand at least448 to 483 kPa internal pressure.4.3.1 The

8、 pressure vessel shall be provided with an opentopcontainer to hold the specimens and a means of introducingwater around the specimens while specimens are being held atlow pressure.4.4 Vacuum Pump.4.5 Wire Loop, Halter or Stirrup, fabricated with 22 AWG(9.643 mm) copper wire shall be provided for de

9、terminingsuspended weight.4.6 Smooth Linen or Cotton Cloth.5. Test Specimens and Sampling5.1 Electrodes can be sampled using Practice C783 thatresult in a specimen with approximately 50 mm diameter and191 mm long or a specimen of equivalent volume.5.2 If sizes and shapes which are different from tho

10、sedescribed in 5.1, these shall be included in the report.5.3 For each test, select at least five electrodes, at random,to represent a lot. The lot size will be determined by agreementof the parties desiring the tests.6. Calibration6.1 Prior to obtaining the suspended weights of the speci-mens, the

11、balance shall be adjusted to zero with the wire stirrupsuspended from the balance and immersed into a container ofthe liquid to the same depth in the liquid as occurs when aspecimen is in place.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants a

12、nd is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C103985(2005). DOI:10.1520/C1039-85R10E01.2For referenced ASTM stand

13、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P

14、A 19428-2959, United States.7. Procedure7.1 Determinations of Dry Weight, D:7.1.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight by heatingto 100 to 110C. Cool and determine the dry weight, D,ingrams to the nearest 0.1 g. If the time between drying andweighing exceeds 8 h, the specimens must be stored in

15、 adesiccator.7.1.2 The determination of dry weight may be done eitherbefore or after the saturation operation. If the specimen isfriable or there is evidence that particles have broken looseduring the saturation operation, the dry weight shall beobtained after the suspended and saturated weights hav

16、e beendetermined. Drying as described in 7.1.1 must be carried out.7.2 Saturation:7.2.1 Using the pressure vessel described in 4.3, place thespecimens in the open-top container inside the vessel. Closeand seal the vessel and pump down at least to 133 Pa (1 mmHg) and maintain this pressure for 30 min

17、.7.2.2 Slowly introduce water (preferably distilled water)until the specimens are covered with at least 40 mm of water.Continue to pump for an additional 5 min.NOTE 1Sufficient water must be provided above the specimens tosupply enough water to fill the open pores of the specimens duringpressurizati

18、on. If after pressurization, one or more specimens are exposedto air above the water, these specimens must be dried and process repeated(7.1.1).7.2.3 After the evacuation process is completed, close thevacuum line and introduce air pressure. Pressurize to 207 6 7kPa gauge pressure and hold for 4 h.

19、Following this period oftime return the vessel to atmospheric pressure.7.3 Determination of Suspended Weight, S:7.3.1 Within1hofthetime the vessel returns to atmo-spheric pressure, the suspended weights and saturated weightsmust be obtained.7.3.2 Place the container used in the vacuum-pressurevessel

20、 near the immersion container to facilitate rapid transferto the weighing stirrup (see 4.5).7.3.3 Obtain the suspended weight, S, to the nearest 0.1 g, ofeach specimen. The specimens can be transferred through airbut the transfer must be made quickly. Following the weighing,each specimen should be r

21、eturned to a separate container ofwater or the saturated weight, W, should be obtained immedi-ately according to 7.4.7.4 Determination of Saturated Weight, W:7.4.1 After determining the suspended weight, blot eachspecimen lightly with a moistened smooth linen or cotton clothto remove all drops of wa

22、ter from the surface and weigh in air,to the nearest 0.1 g, to obtain the saturated weight, W. The clothmust be prepared by previously saturating it with water andthen pressing only enough to remove the water which woulddrip from the cloth. Avoid excessive blotting or rubbing whichwill remove water

23、from the pores of the specimen.8. Calculation8.1 Exterior VolumeObtain the exterior volume by sub-tracting the suspended weight from the saturated weight.V, cm35 W 2 S (1)where:V = exterior volume, cm3,W = saturated weight, g, andS = suspended weight, g.NOTE 2This assumes that one cubic centimetre o

24、f water weighs 1 g.This is true within about 3 parts in 1000 for water at 20 to 25C.8.2 Volume of Open PoresObtain the volume of openpores by subtracting the dry weight, D, from the saturatedweight, W.Volume of open pores, cm35 W 2 D (2)8.3 Volume of Impervious PortionObtain the volume ofimpervious

25、portion by subtracting the suspended weight, S,from the dry weight, D.Volume of impervious portion, cm35 D 2 S (3)8.4 Apparent Porosity, PThe apparent porosity, P,isexpressed as a percentage of the volume of open pores to theexterior volume, and may be calculated as follows:P,%5 W 2 D!/V# 3 100 5 W

26、2 D!/W 2 S!#3 100 (4)8.5 Bulk Density, BThe bulk density of a specimen, B,ingrams per cubic centimetre, is its mass per unit volume,including pores. Calculate as follows:B, g/cm35 D/V 5 D/W 2 S! (5)8.6 Apparent Specific Gravity, TCalculate the apparentspecific gravity, T, of that portion of the spec

27、imen which isimpervious to water under these test conditions as follows:T 5 D/D 2 S! (6)9. Report9.1 Report sizes of specimens tested.9.2 Report the values of all properties for individual speci-mens and the averages.9.3 Calculate apparent porosity values to one decimal place.9.4 Calculate bulk dens

28、ity and apparent specific gravityvalues to two decimal places.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Interlaboratory TestsAn interlaboratory study usingthe vacuum-pressure method, was conducted among six labo-ratories who tested three specimens of each of three graphitematerials representing a range of apparent

29、 porosities and bulkdensities. The three materials were chosen from premiumgrade electrodes, regular grade electrodes, and connectingnipples.10.2 PrecisionTables 1-3 show the applicable data forprecision in terms of percent apparent porosity (Table 1),grams per cubic centimetre of bulk density (Tabl

30、e 2) andapparent specific gravity (Table 3).TABLE 1 Precision of Apparent Porosity, PercentStandard DeviationsMaterial Average Within Labs Between Labs1 23.1 0.70 0.712 18.6 1.21 0.913 13.1 1.37 0.33C1039 85 (2010)1210.3 BiasA bias statement is not possible because nostandard reference materials are

31、 available.11. Keywords11.1 bulk; carbon; density; electrodes; graphite; physical;porosity; specific gravityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised t

32、hat determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapp

33、roved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you

34、feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual r

35、eprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the

36、 ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Precision of Bulk Density, Grams per CubicCentimetreStandard DeviationsMaterial Average Within Labs Between Labs1 1.61 0.011 0.0052 1.70 0.018 0.0103 1.81 0.025 0.014TABLE 3 Precision of Apparent Specific GravityStandard DeviationsMaterial Average Within Labs Between Labs1 2.10 0.008 0.0182 2.09 0.019 0.0263 2.09 0.011 0.018C1039 85 (2010)13