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1、 Sedimentation EngineeringThis page intentionally left blank ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 110Sedimentation EngineeringProcesses, Measurements, Modeling, and PracticeEdited by Marcelo H. Garca, Ph.D., P.Eng.Prepared by the ASCE Task Committee to Expand and Update Manual 54 of

2、the Sedimentation Committee of the Environmental and Water Resources InstitutePublished by the American Society of Civil EngineersLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAmerican Society of Civil Engineers. Task Committee for the Preparation of the Manual on Sedimentation.Sedimentation eng

3、ineering : processes, management, modeling, and practice / edited by Marcelo H. Garcia ; prepared by the ASCE Task Committee for the Preparation of the Manual on Sedimentation of the Sedimentation Committee of the Hydraulics Divisionp. cm. (ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice ; no. 110)

4、.Completary to Sedimentary engineering, edited by Vito A. Vanoni.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN13: 9780784408148 (alk. paper)ISBN10: 0784408149 (alk. paper)1. Sediment transport. 2. Soil conservation. I. Garca, Marcelo H., 1959 II. Title.TC175.2 .A432 2007627 . 042dc22 2006027517

5、Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia 20191 www.pubs.asce.orgAny statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibil-ity for any statement made

6、 herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process or service constitutes or implies an endorse-ment, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a r

7、eference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discu

8、ssed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefore. This information should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, including

9、but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Photocopies and reprints. You can obtain instant permission to photocopy ASCE publications by using ASCEs online permission service (http:/pubs.asce.org

10、/permissions/requests/). Requests for 100 copies or more should be submitted to the Reprints Department, Publications Division, ASCE (address above); email: permissionsasce.org. A reprint order form can be found at http:/pubs.asce.org/support/reprints/Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Civil

11、Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 13: 9780784408148 ISBN 10: 0784408149Manufactured in the United States of America.About the cover: River dunes in the Rio Paran near Paso de la Patria, Argentina. Bed morphology measurements were made with a multibeam echo sounder in May 2004. Note the ubiquitous

12、 superimposition of smaller bedforms on the stoss side of the larger dunes. Image courtesy of Dan Parsons and Jim Best, University of Leeds, U.K.MANUAlS AND REPoRTS oN ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and

13、April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of facts on a particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limitations and applications of these facts. It contains information use-ful to the average engineer in his everyday work, rather than the findings that m

14、ay be useful only occa-sionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “standard,” however; nor is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule of thumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which expressed only one persons observations or opini

15、ons), is the work of a committee or group selected to assemble and express infor-mation on a specific topic. As often as practicable the committee is under the direction of one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the product evolved has been subjected to review by the Executive Comm

16、ittee of the Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposed manuscripts are often brought before the members of the Technical Divisions and Councils for com-ment, which may serve as the basis for improvement. When published, each work shows the names of the committees by whic

17、h it was compiled and indicates clearly the several processes through which it has passed in review, in order that its merit may be definitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Direction voted to establish:A series entitled “Manuals and Reports on Engineering Pract

18、ice,” to include the Manuals pub-lished and authorized to date, future Manuals of Professional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. All such Manual or Report material of the Society would have been refereed in a manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and would be bound, wit

19、h applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals. Numbering would be consecutive and would be a continuation of present Manual numbers. In some cases of reports of joint committees, bypassing of Journal publi-cations may be authorized.MANUAlS AND REPoRTS oN ENGINEERING PRACTICE13 Filtering

20、Materials for Sewage Treatment Plants14 Accommodation of Utility Plant Within the Rights-of-Way of Urban Streets and Highways35 A List of Translations of Foreign Literature on Hydraulics40 Ground Water Management41 Plastic Design in Steel: A Guide and Commentary45 How to Work Effectively with Consul

21、ting Engineers46 Pipeline Route Selection for Rural and Cross-Country Pipelines47 Selected Abstracts on Structural Applications of Plastics49 Urban Planning Guide50 Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbors51 Survey of Current Structural Research52 Guide for the Design of Steel Transmis

22、sion Towers53 Criteria for Maintenance of Multilane Highways54 Sedimentation Engineering55 Guide to Employment Conditions for Civil Engineers57 Management, Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems59 Computer Pricing Practices60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction (Seco

23、nd Edition)62 Existing Sewer Evaluation and Rehabilitation63 Structural Plastics Design Manual64 Manual on Engineering Surveying65 Construction Cost Control66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings and Structures68 Aeration: A Wastewater Treatment Process69 Sulfide i

24、n Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems70 Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management72 Design of Steel Transmission Pole Structures73 Quality in the Constructed Project: A Guide for Owners, Designers, and Constructors74 Duidelines for

25、 Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading76 Design of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants77 Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems78 Structural Fire Protection79 Steel Penstocks80 Ship Channel Design81 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation82 Odor Cont

26、rol in Wastewater Treatment Plants83 Environmental Site Investigation84 Mechanical Connections in Wood Structures85 Quality of Ground Water86 Operation and Maintenance of Ground Water Facilities87 Urban Runoff Quality Manual88 Management of Water Treatment Plant Residuals89 Pipeline Crossings90 Guid

27、e to Structural Optimization91 Design of Guyed Electrical Transmission Structures92 Manhole Inspection and Rehabilitation93 Crane Safety on Construction Sites94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, and Channels95 Urban Subsurface Drainage96 Guide to Improved Earthquake Performance of Electric Power Syste

28、ms97 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts and Practice98 Conveyance of Residuals from Water and Wastewater Treatment99 Environmental Site Characterization and Remediation Design Guidance100 Groundwater Contamination by Organic Pollutants: Analysis and Remediation101 Underwater Investigations102 Design Guide

29、 for FRP Composite Connections103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining Great Civil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products for Overhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment in Lagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel Design108 Pipeline Desig

30、n for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling109 Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants110 Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice111 Reliability-Based Design of Utility Pole Structures112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substa

31、tion Structure Design Guide114 Performance-Based Design of Structural Steel for Fire ConditionsNo. Title No. TitleviiCoNTENTSForeword xviiDedication xxiCHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF SEDIMENTATION ENGINEERING 1Robert C. MacArthur, Charles R. Neill, Brad R. Hall, Vic J. Galay, and Andrey B. Shvidchenko1.1 Int

32、roduction 11.2 Overview of Erosion 41.3 Overview of Sediment Transport 81.4 Overview of Sediment Deposition 111.5 Management and Treatment of Sedimentation Problems 14References 17CHAPTER 2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND MORPHODYNAMICS 21Marcelo H. Garca2.1 Sediment Transport Mechanics and Related Phenomena

33、 212.2 Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics for Sediment Transport 242.3 Sediment Properties 342.4 Threshold Condition for Sediment Movement 442.5 Sediment Transport 602.6 Bed Load Transport 662.7 Bed Forms 772.8 Bed Forms, Flow Resistance, and Sediment Transport 992.9 Suspended Load 1072.10 Dimensionless

34、 Relations for Total Bed-Material Load in Sand-Bed Streams 1232.11 Morphodynamics of Rivers and Turbidity Currents 1292.12 Morphodynamics of Lake and Reservoir Sedimentation 133References 146CHAPTER 3 TRANSPORT OF GRAVEL AND SEDIMENT MIxTURES 165Gary Parker3.1 Fluvial Phenomena Associated with Sedim

35、ent Mixtures 1653.2 Engineering Relevance 1713.3 Grain-Size Distributions 1753.4 Dimensionless Bank-Full Relations for Gravel-Bed and Sand-Bed Streams 1783.5 The Active Layer Concept 1833.6 General Formulation for Bed-Load Transport of Mixtures 1863.7 Relations for Hiding and Bed-Load Transport in M

36、ixtures 1913.8 Field Data 2093.9 Abrasion 2103.10 Numerical Modeling of Bed Level Variation with Sorting 2133.11 Static and Mobile Armoring: Observations, Experiments, and Modeling 2163.12 Downstream Fining: Observations, Experiments, and Modeling 2233.13 Morphodynamics of Local Planform Sorting 227

37、3.14 The Case of Suspension-Dominated Sand-Bed Rivers 2293.15 Tracers and Vertical Sorting 237Notation 239References 243CHAPTER 4 FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT 253Ashish J. Mehta and William H. McAnally4.1 Introduction 2534.2 Sediment Characterization 2544.3 Sediment Transport Processes 2594.4 Agg

38、regation 2614.5 Settling Velocity 2664.6 Deposition Under Flow 2704.7 Consolidation and Gelling 2724.8 Erosion 2754.9 Wave-Induced Erosion 2834.10 Diffusion 2914.11 Applications 293References 297CHAPTER 5 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MEASUREMENTS 3075.1 General 307P. Diplas, R. Kuhnle, J. Gray, and D. Glysson

39、5.2 Bed-Material Measurement Techniques 309P. Diplas5.3 Suspended-Sediment Samplers and Sampling Methods 320J. Gray, D. Glysson, and T. Edwards5.4 Bed Load Samplers 339R. Kuhnle References 346CHAPTER 6 FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY 355D. S. Biedenharn, C. C. Watson, and C. R. Thorne6.1 Basic

40、 Concepts 3556.2 Channel Morphology 359viii contents6.3 Sediment Transport 3636.4 Channel-Forming Discharge 3646.5 Relationships in Rivers 3676.6 Channel Stability and Instability 3716.7 Channel Classification 3756.8 Channel Evolution Models 3796.9 Geomorphic Assessment 3816.10 Closure 382Notation 3

41、82References 383CHAPTER 7 STREAMBANK EROSION AND RIVER WIDTH ADJUSTMENT 387James E. Pizzuto and the ASCE Task Committee on Hydraulics, Bank Mechanics, and Modeling of River Width Adjustment7.1 Introduction 3877.2 Geomorphic Context of River Width Adjustment 3877.3 Factors Influencing Bank Erosion an

42、d Width Adjustment 3917.4 Methods for Evaluating Bank Erosion and Width Adjustment 4087.5 Procedure for Approaching Width-Adjustment Problems 4267.6 Conclusions 428Appendix. Data Sources 429Acknowledgments 430References 430CHAPTER 8 RIVER MEANDERING AND CHANNEL STABILITY 439A. Jacob Odgaard and Jorg

43、e D. Abad8.1 Introduction 4398.2 Meandering Process 4398.3 Flow and Bed Topography in Meanders 4438.4 Channel Stability 4458.5 Applications of Flow and Stability Relations 4498.6 Simulation of Meander Evolution 4508.7 Channel Stabilization 451References 454CHAPTER 9 STREAM RESTORATION 461F. Douglas

44、Shields, Jr., Ronald R. Copeland, Peter C. Klingeman, Martin W. Doyle, and Andrew Simon9.1 Introduction 4619.2 Preparation of Sediment Studies Plan 4669.3 Selecting Values for Design Discharge and Bed Material Size 4699.4 Stability Assessment 474contents ixx contents9.5 River Restoration Design 4859

45、.6 Stability Checks 4949.7 Implementation and Construction 4969.8 Monitoring and Postconstruction Adjustment 4969.9 Conclusions 497Acknowledgments 497References 497CHAPTER 10 BRIDGE SCOUR EVALUATION 505J. R. Richardson and E.V. Richardson10.1 Introduction 50510.2 Total Scour 50610.3 Clear-Water and

46、Live-Bed Scour 50710.4 Long-Term Bed Elevation Changes 50710.5 General Scour 50810.6 Critical Velocity for Movement of Bed Material 51010.7 Local Scour 51110.8 Local Scour at Piers 51210.9 HEC 18 Pier Scour Equation 51310.10 Scour Depths with Debris on Piers 52310.11 Jain and Fishers Equation 52310.

47、12 Melvilles Equation 52410.13 Other Pier Scour Equations 52510.14 Top Width of Pier Scour Holes 52510.15 Local Scour at Abutments 52510.16 Chang and Davis Abutment Scour Equation 52710.17 Sturm Abutment Scour Equation 52810.18 Richardson and Trivino Abutment Scour Equation 52910.19 Richardson et al

48、. Equation for L/y 25 53010.20 Computer Models 53010.21 Stream Instability 53010.22 Scour in Tide-Affected Waterways 53110.23 Scour Calculations for Tidal Waterways 53210.24 Overview of Tidal Processes 53310.25 Preliminary Analysis 53410.26 Determination of Hydraulic Variables 536References 539CHAPT

49、ER 11 BRIDGE-SCOUR PREVENTION AND COUNTERMEASURES 543Bruce W. Melville, Arthur C. Parola, and Stephen E. Coleman11.1 Introduction 54311.2 Scour Processes 54311.3 Protection against General Scour and Contraction Scour 54911.4 Countermeasures for Local Scour at Bridge Piers 55711.5 Abutment Protection 56811.6 Environmental Considerations 574References 574contents xiCHAPTER 12 RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION 579Gregory L. Morris, George Annandale, and Rollin Hotchkiss12.1 Introduction