职称英语理工类A类分类模拟题5及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A类分类模拟题 5及答案解析(总分：100.10，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：补全短文(总题数：5，分数：50.00)False Fear of Big FishMany people believe sharks (鲨鱼) are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans. 1 A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆) in Baltimore, US, proves this. Visitors can touch young sha

2、rks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don“t happen very often. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. 2 There, kids can learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks.

3、“People fear what they don“t know,“ said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. “Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean“s food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection.“ 3 A study,

4、published in January in the US magazine, Science , found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past eight to 15 years. Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin (鱼翅) soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting ot

5、her fish. 4 “Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks,“ said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium“s ocean health programme. 5 A. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers. B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every

6、year around the world by humans. C. In fact, 94 per cent of the world“s 400 species are harmless to humans. D. It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these special fish. E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for childr

7、en. F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than 1 meter long.（分数：10.00）Science and TechnologyThere is a difference between science and technology. 6 Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that s

8、erve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. 7 Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy

9、and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people“s likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. 8 But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have t

10、he choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic (超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. 9 The purpose of technology is to serve peoplepeople in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain adv

11、antage for themselves. 10 Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in generalso much so that the promise of technology is “obscured“. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do no

12、t lead to a better world, what else will? (2003年) A. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. C. What scientists discover may shock or anger peopleas did Darwin“s t

13、heory of evolution. D. Science and technology are different. E. We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. F. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.（分数：10.00）Einstein Named “Person of Century“Albert Einstein, whose

14、theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as “Person of the Century“ by Time magazine on Sunday. A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent 11 the flowering of 20th century scientific thoug

15、ht that set the stage for the age of technology. “The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technologicaltechnologies 12 ,“ wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein“s

16、significance. “Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.“ Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial fac

17、tors in global politics. “What we saw Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom“s fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that bro

18、ught with it amazing technological advances 13 ,“ said Time Magazine editor Walter Isaacson. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not

19、 stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams. In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. In his “Special Theory of Relativity,“ Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light

20、. Everything elsemass, weight, space, even time itselfis a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared E=mc 2 . “Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics,“ Isaacson wrote in an essay 14

21、 . “There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality.“ Einstein“s famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, a

22、n avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the “Manhattan Project“ 15 . Einstein did not work on the project. Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955. A. explainin

23、g Time“s choices B. how he thought of the relativity theory C. more than any other person D. that secretly developed the first atomic weapon E. that flowed directly from advances in basic science F. that helped expand the growth of freedom（分数：10.00）Read with Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty readi

24、ng in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain. At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. 16 Researchers from Yale University, US,

25、studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State. As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring. Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). 17 By the end of the school year, these ch

26、ildren could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year. As part of their study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students“ brains. 18 This is the same part of the brain that bec

27、omes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure remains inactive. A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone thro

28、ugh the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests. 19 However, some researchers still doubt the study. 20 A. Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters. B. The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling. C. The biggest challenge for many of these kids,

29、scientists say, is matching sounds with letters. D. Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn“t show the same progress. E. The pictures showed all increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side. F. They believe that reading without making any

30、 noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.（分数：10.00）The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that 21 . There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which a

31、re different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step“ pyramid and the “Bent“ pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of m

32、en who were looking for treasure or, more often, 22 . The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape 23 . These are good reasons why they can still he seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever. It is practically certain

33、that plans were made for the building of the pyramids, 24 . However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools

34、which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them. One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning 25 . The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert aro

35、und, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome. A. for stone to use in modern buildings B. has made them less likely to fall into ruin C. before they could begin to build D. because the plans of other large works have fo

36、rtunately been preserved E. while building the pyramids F. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet（分数：10.00）二、第 2部分：完形填空(总题数：2，分数：50.00)The Great Newspaper WarUp until about 100 years ago, newspapers in the United States appealed only to the most serious readers. They used 1 illustrat

37、ions and the articles were about politics or business. Two men changed thatJoseph Pulitzer 2 the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal . Pulitzer bought the New York World 3 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very 4 one overnight. He added 5 illustra

38、tions and cartoons. And he told his reporters to write articles on 6 crime or scandal they could find. And they did. One of them even pretended she was crazy and then she 7 to a mental hospital. She then wrote a series of articles about the poor treatment of 8 in those hospitals. In 1895, Hearst cam

39、e to New York from 9 California. He wanted the Journal to be more sensational and more exciting 10 the World . He also wanted it to be 11 , so he reduced the price by a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his headlines were bigger than 12 . He often said, “Big print makes big news.“ Pulitzer a

40、nd Hearst did anything they 13 to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator, 14 pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was 15 . Hearst answered, “You furnish the pictures. I“ll furnish the war.“（分数：25.05）A.n

41、oB.manyC.a lotD.littleA.onB.forC.inD.ofA.onB.inC.atD.aboutA.exciteB.excitinglyC.excitingD.excitedA.a lotB.fewC.a fewD.lots ofA.everyB.allC.bothD.manyA.admittedB.was admittedC.could admitD.has admittedA.patientsB.patienceC.patientD.patiencesA.anB.theCaD./A.thanB.asC.inD.forA.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD

42、.the cheapestA.anyoneB.anyone“sC.anyone elseD.anyone else“sA.mayB.mightC.canD.couldA.drawB.drewC.to drawD.drawnA.goingB.going outC.going onD.going offImportance of the Public ImagePublic image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community

43、, by the communities in which it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable 16 , just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. A firm“s public image 17 a vital role in the attractiveness of the firm and its products to employees, customers, 18 to s

44、uch outsiders as stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as diverse special groups. With some things it is 19 to satisfy all the diverse publics, for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders, but 20 will undoubtedly find resi

45、stance from employees who see their 21 threatened. On the other hand, high-quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, 22 low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon. A firm“s public image, 23 it is good, should be treasured and protected.

46、 It is a valuable asset 24 usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with its publics. If a firm has 25 a quality image, this is not easily countered or imitated by competitors. 26 an image may enable a firm to charge higher prices, to woo the best distributors and dealer

47、s, to attract the best employees, to expect 27 favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm“s stock to command a higher price-earnings ratio than other firms in the same industry 28 such a good reputation and public image. A number of factors affect the

48、public image of a corporation. 29 include physical facilities, contacts of outsiders with company employees, product quality and dependability, prices 30 competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.（分数：25.05）A.

49、at considerable extentB.to considerable extentC.to considerate extentD.at considerate extentA.establishesB.playsC.makesD.obtainsA.butB.howeverC.andD.asA.possibleB.easyC.not impossibleD.impossibleA.theyB.someC.itD.weA.plantB.jobsC.machinesD.themselvesA.whileB.whenC.asD.andA.thatB.ifC.whichD./A.thatB.whoC.whoseD.of whichA.beenB.developedC.foundD.learnedA.WithB.SuchC.LikeD./A.a moreB.moreC.mostD.the mostA.withB.withoutC.inD.ofA.TheyB.ItC.SomeD.MostA.related toB.connected withC.relative toD.related with职称英语理工类 A类分类模拟题 5答案解析(总分：100.10，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：补全短文(总题数：5，分数：50.00)False Fear of Big