大学四级-6及答案解析.doc
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1、大学四级-6 及答案解析(总分:712.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1.B Develop College Students Creative Thinking Ability/B 1当前不少大学生缺乏创新思维能力 2导致大学生缺乏创新思维的原因:应试教育、缺少发挥机会等等 3采取有效措施,鼓励大学生创新(分数:106.00)_二、BPart Reading (总题数:1,分数:70.00)BDirections: /BIIn this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the p
2、assage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passag
3、e.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage./IB Dare to Dream/BOur dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more than we ever realized, says groundbreaking new research. For 11 years, a 58-year-old anthropologist (人类学家) kept a journal of nearly 5,000 dr
4、eams. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizona-based researcher Robert Hoss could accurately predict certain things about the mans emotional state. Hoss correctly identified two separate years when the man experienced crises in his life. The anthropologist confirmed that in 1997 he clashed
5、 with a colleague over a management issue, and in 2003 he had a falling-out with a friend that left deep emotional scars.Hoss is among a growing group of researchers who, thanks to advanced psychoiogical research and cutting-edge medical technology, are beginning to reveal the secrets .hidden in our
6、 dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives. A look at some of their latest discoveries can give us new insights into the language of dreams and help us make the most of our time asleep.B Why Do We Dream?/BDreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of
7、 something you are worried about, researchers say, is the brains way of helping you get prepared for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, for example, giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your performance. And cognitive (认知的) neuroscientists have discovered
8、that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you are dreaming are linked to our ability to learn and remember.Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,“ says Dr. Cartwright, chairman of the psychology department at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She has found that dreams
9、help people work through the days emotional ups and downs. Its like having a built-in therapist. While we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories. As she puts it, “you may wake up and think, what was uncle Harry doing in my dream? I havent seen him for 50 years. But the old an
10、d new images are emotionally related.“ Its the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship.In fact, dream emotions car help real therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic (创伤性的) life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a 5-mon
11、th period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. If their dreams were calm, they hadnt started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce. For t
12、herapists, this finding will help determine whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.B One Interpretation Doesnt Fit All/BNo device lets researchers read the content of dreams while we sleep, but scientists are finding new ways to interpret once we ha
13、ve awakened. Forget Sigmund Freuds notion that dreams contain images with universal meanings for all his undeniable authority in the field of dream interpretation. A new generation of psychologists insists that dream symbols differ depending on the dreamer. In a recent study, Joseph Koninck, a psych
14、ology professor at the University of Ottawa in Canada, asked 13 volunteers to make two fists: one of details recalled from recent dreams, and another of recent events in their waking fives. When analysts were asked to match which volunteer experienced which dream, they failed. Konincks conclusion: E
15、ach person understands his or her dreams better than anyone else - including traditional psychoanalysts.“Theres just no evidence of universal dream symbols,“ says Koninck. “My advice is to throw away your dream dictionary if you really want to interpret your dreams.“B Your Brain on Dreams/BA century
16、 after the Freud era, scientists are only now decoding the biology of how we manufacture dreams. At the Sleep Research Program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Dr. Nofzinger “looks into“ the brains of sleeping subjects using PET scans normally employed to detect cancer and other disea
17、ses. By injecting subjects with a mildly radioactive substance, he has traced the source of the brain that controls emotions. During dreaming, the limbic system explodes like fireworks with neural (神经的) activity, filling our dreams with drama.“Thats why so many dreams are about emotional states,“ sa
18、ys Nofzinger, “where we are running from danger or facing an anxious situation. The part of the brain that controls dreams also manages our instincts, drives, sexual behavior and fight-or-flight response.“ Thats why dreams are often strange combinations of events and people.B Decoding the Meanings/B
19、Today, psychologists are applying modem technology to probe the content of dreams. Hoss uses a computer-based approach called content analysis to interpret the colors in dreams. More than 80 percent of people dream in color, he says, though only a quarter of them recall the shades the next morning.
20、To collect data, he analyzed nearly 24,000 dreams, catalogued in two databases. His study suggested that specific colors represent particular emotions. For example, red means action, excitement and desire; blue equals calmness and harmony; black hints fear, anxiety and intimidation.The clues are in
21、the colors. Hoss has been trying to determine the emotional states of a dreamer based on his/her dream colors. But, as with symbols and action, one size doesnt fit all when it comes to interpretation. Using color is your brains way of painting dreams with your emotion, and different people have diff
22、erent ways of using color.B What Dreams Can Do for You/BPsychologists have long known that people can solve their problems at work and home by “sleeping on it“. The challenge has always been to train yourself to dream up the solutions. Dr. Barret, editor of the journal Dreaming, advises individuals
23、to consider questions just before falling asleep (Should I take this job? Should I marry this guy?), and then let the subconscious provide the answers. “Ive known artists looking for inspiration who simply dream up a future show of their art and wake up with plenty of new painting ideas,“ says Barre
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