1、大学四级-6 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.B Develop College Students Creative Thinking Ability/B 1当前不少大学生缺乏创新思维能力 2导致大学生缺乏创新思维的原因：应试教育、缺少发挥机会等等 3采取有效措施，鼓励大学生创新（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BDirections: /BIIn this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the p
2、assage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passag
3、e.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage./IB Dare to Dream/BOur dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more than we ever realized, says groundbreaking new research. For 11 years, a 58-year-old anthropologist (人类学家) kept a journal of nearly 5,000 dr
4、eams. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizona-based researcher Robert Hoss could accurately predict certain things about the mans emotional state. Hoss correctly identified two separate years when the man experienced crises in his life. The anthropologist confirmed that in 1997 he clashed
5、 with a colleague over a management issue, and in 2003 he had a falling-out with a friend that left deep emotional scars.Hoss is among a growing group of researchers who, thanks to advanced psychoiogical research and cutting-edge medical technology, are beginning to reveal the secrets .hidden in our
6、 dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives. A look at some of their latest discoveries can give us new insights into the language of dreams and help us make the most of our time asleep.B Why Do We Dream?/BDreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of
7、 something you are worried about, researchers say, is the brains way of helping you get prepared for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, for example, giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your performance. And cognitive (认知的) neuroscientists have discovered
8、that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you are dreaming are linked to our ability to learn and remember.Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,“ says Dr. Cartwright, chairman of the psychology department at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She has found that dreams
9、help people work through the days emotional ups and downs. Its like having a built-in therapist. While we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories. As she puts it, “you may wake up and think, what was uncle Harry doing in my dream? I havent seen him for 50 years. But the old an
10、d new images are emotionally related.“ Its the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship.In fact, dream emotions car help real therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic (创伤性的) life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a 5-mon
11、th period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. If their dreams were calm, they hadnt started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce. For t
12、herapists, this finding will help determine whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.B One Interpretation Doesnt Fit All/BNo device lets researchers read the content of dreams while we sleep, but scientists are finding new ways to interpret once we ha
13、ve awakened. Forget Sigmund Freuds notion that dreams contain images with universal meanings for all his undeniable authority in the field of dream interpretation. A new generation of psychologists insists that dream symbols differ depending on the dreamer. In a recent study, Joseph Koninck, a psych
14、ology professor at the University of Ottawa in Canada, asked 13 volunteers to make two fists: one of details recalled from recent dreams, and another of recent events in their waking fives. When analysts were asked to match which volunteer experienced which dream, they failed. Konincks conclusion: E
15、ach person understands his or her dreams better than anyone else - including traditional psychoanalysts.“Theres just no evidence of universal dream symbols,“ says Koninck. “My advice is to throw away your dream dictionary if you really want to interpret your dreams.“B Your Brain on Dreams/BA century
16、 after the Freud era, scientists are only now decoding the biology of how we manufacture dreams. At the Sleep Research Program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Dr. Nofzinger “looks into“ the brains of sleeping subjects using PET scans normally employed to detect cancer and other disea
17、ses. By injecting subjects with a mildly radioactive substance, he has traced the source of the brain that controls emotions. During dreaming, the limbic system explodes like fireworks with neural (神经的) activity, filling our dreams with drama.“Thats why so many dreams are about emotional states,“ sa
18、ys Nofzinger, “where we are running from danger or facing an anxious situation. The part of the brain that controls dreams also manages our instincts, drives, sexual behavior and fight-or-flight response.“ Thats why dreams are often strange combinations of events and people.B Decoding the Meanings/B
19、Today, psychologists are applying modem technology to probe the content of dreams. Hoss uses a computer-based approach called content analysis to interpret the colors in dreams. More than 80 percent of people dream in color, he says, though only a quarter of them recall the shades the next morning.
20、To collect data, he analyzed nearly 24,000 dreams, catalogued in two databases. His study suggested that specific colors represent particular emotions. For example, red means action, excitement and desire; blue equals calmness and harmony; black hints fear, anxiety and intimidation.The clues are in
21、the colors. Hoss has been trying to determine the emotional states of a dreamer based on his/her dream colors. But, as with symbols and action, one size doesnt fit all when it comes to interpretation. Using color is your brains way of painting dreams with your emotion, and different people have diff
22、erent ways of using color.B What Dreams Can Do for You/BPsychologists have long known that people can solve their problems at work and home by “sleeping on it“. The challenge has always been to train yourself to dream up the solutions. Dr. Barret, editor of the journal Dreaming, advises individuals
23、to consider questions just before falling asleep (Should I take this job? Should I marry this guy?), and then let the subconscious provide the answers. “Ive known artists looking for inspiration who simply dream up a future show of their art and wake up with plenty of new painting ideas,“ says Barre
24、tt. “More and more people are learning these techniques to control their dreams.“Some researchers believe you can guide your dreams while you are sleeping. In recent years, Stephen La Berge, PhD, has pioneered a way of directing the sleeping mind through “lucid dreaming“, in which a sleeping person
25、realizes he/she is dreaming while it is happening. Lucid dreamers can experience fantasy adventures - like flying to the moon, traveling through time or making love on a beach - while fully aware that they are dreaming.According to La Berge, lucid dreamers can use the experience for a variety of pur
26、pose: problem solving, developing creative ideas and healing. Patricia Keelin, a 55-year-old photographer has used lucid dreaming for everything from talking to her long-dead father to feasting on sweets. “Chocolate always tastes better in lucid dreams since you dont have to worry about calories,“ s
27、he says, “Lucid dreaming is great and exciting, because its free and available to everybody.“Well, not entirely free. Although everyone has the potential to dream lucidly, it rarely happens routinely without special training. Instructional workshops are needed to help individuals participate in thei
28、r dreams. If you have repeating nightmares that make it difficult to sleep, try to change the endings. Once you awaken from a bad dream, imagine a change in the action to create a more positive outcome. If you are trapped, try to fly. In you dream, you can do what you want.Indeed, your dreams are li
29、ke private movies where you are the star, director and writer all at once. And as the latest research indicates, you are also the most insightful movie critic. The best interpreter of your dreams is you.（分数：70.00）(1).By means of dreams, the human subconscious is sending important messages to the con
30、scious mind.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Dreaming is a mood regulatory system in that nightmares can make us feel ill-tempered and nice dreams make us feel happy during the next day.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Sigmund Freud pioneered the field of dream analysis one century ago, but his very popular concept of univer
31、sal dream symbols is now completely rejected by current psychologists.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Researches on the biology of dream production indicate that the limbic system in the brain takes charge of dream emotions and plots through neural activity.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).A lucid dream is like a daydream,
32、in which you can go through fantastic experiences while fully awake.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Robert Hoss discovers that over 80 percent of people dream in color, but only 25 percent of them are able to remember the color the following morning.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).To some people lucid dreaming doesnt happe
33、n automatically and they need special training to learn to dream lucidly.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).The passage mainly discusses _ of dreams.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Professor Konincks study about 13 volunteers proves that you are _ of your own dreams.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).A computer-based approach has been adop
34、ted to find out a dreamers emotional states on the basis of his or her _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BDirections:/BI In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions
35、 will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answe
36、r Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre./IBQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：56.00）(1). A. She hasnt cleaned her room either. B. She left her room on time this morning. C. She can help the man clean up his room. D. She doesnt know the mess the man ha
37、ve made in her room.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The man should watch a different program. B. Shed like to watch television with the man. C. The man shouldnt waste his time watching television. D. The television program doesnt start until later in the evening.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. He hadnt noticed a
38、lot of the womans mistakes. B. Hes not qualified to proofread the womans report. C. He thinks the woman should have asked him earlier. D. Hell be able to talk to the woman in a few minutes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. She lost Sallys new address. B. Sally had to move unexpectedly. D. Shes no longer in co
39、ntact with Sally. C. Shell be glad to take the mail to Sallys house.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. He had to cancel his interview. B. Hes disappointed with his interview. C. He shouldnt have applied for the job. D. He doesnt want to discuss the interview now.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. At 9: 00. B. At 9: 15.
40、 C. At 9: 30. D. At 10: 00.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7). A. She didnt go to the game. B. She also left the game early. C. Shes also curious about who won the game. D. She was sitting right behind the man at the game.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8). A. She had to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspec
41、ted. B. The man should have had his car inspected earlier. C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month. D. The man doesnt need to have his car inspected until next month.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：28.00）(1).
42、A. The relationship of purchases to time spent in shopping. B. The length of time required for drugstore shopping. C. The increases in the size and stock of drugstores. D. The buying of clothing from department stores.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. A druggists suggestion. B. An article. C. An advertisemen
43、t. D. A sales clerks comment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. People enjoy shopping in them. B. People spend little time in them. C. People are more likely to buy something in them if time is limited. D. People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold in drugstores.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A
44、. They know what they want to buy. B. They have little money to spend. C. They talk themselves out of purchase. D. They shop at the cheapest stores.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：21.00）(1). A. A standard unit for measuring weight. B. How
45、 to care for precious metals. C. The value of precious metals. D. Using the metric system.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. To measure amounts of rainfall. B. To cheek the accuracy of scales. C. To observe changes in the atmosphere. D. To calculate the density of other metals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. It is t
46、oo high for such a light weight. B. It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. C. It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal. D. It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BDirections:/BI In this section, you w
47、ill hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre./IBPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B （分数：21.00）(1). A. 15 points. B. 30 points. C. 45 points. D. 75 points.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. B. Monday, Thursday and Friday. C.
