大学六级-8及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-8 及答案解析(总分：518.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 目前，在中国的农村和城市都有“ 啃老族” 2. 这种现象产生的原因 3. 如何应对这种现象 注:“ NEET“是“ Not Currently Engaged in Education, Employment or Training“或“ Not in Education, Employment or Training“的缩略语，即我们说的“啃老族”。（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BDirecti

2、ons:/B IIn this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions, on, Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage./

3、IBThe East India Company/BThe concept of corporations was first established under ancient Roman law. But it wasnt until England emerged from the Middle Ages that it created what we recognize as the modern corporate structure. It all began on Dec. 31,1600, when Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to

4、the British East India Corporation, naming the corporation“ The Governor and Company of Merchants of London, trading with the East Indies“. The corporation conducted business in the East Indies (land that we now consider India and the Middle East) at the order of the queen.The East India Company est

5、ablished a few major precedents for modern corporations. But it also shaped the world in countless other ways. With both the financial and military support of the Crown, the EIC served as an instrument of imperialism (帝国主义) for England. The company had its own private army and raised soldiers in the

6、 areas it conquered. Its expansionism spurred several wars that produced at least two sovereign nations. Among its many claims to fame (and notoriety), the EIC indirectly built Yale University, helped create two nations and was the worlds 1orgest drug-dealing operation in the 18th century.The compan

7、y was ruthless (无情的)in its quest for profits. Parliament even called the EIC tyrannical(残暴的). However, without the EIC, England may have never developed into the nation it is today.BThe Creation of the East India Company/BWhen the British East India Company (EIC) was formed in 1600, there were alrea

8、dy other East India Companies operating on behalf of France, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal. Thanks to the naval route that explorer Vasco da Gama discovered, riches from the Orient were pouring into Europe. With other nations importing fortunes in goods and plunder, Queen Elizabeth decided Eng

9、land should get some, too. So she granted the charter for the East India Company.The charter she issued created the first official joint-stock corporation. A joint-stock corporation is composed of investors who are granted shares in a company. In return for their initial Investments, shareholders ar

10、e given dividends, or percentages, of the companys profits based on the number of shares the investor holds.Shares and dividends were not new Concepts in. England. Twenty years prior to the EIC s charter, Queen Elizabeth was already a major stakeholder In Sir Francis Drakes ship, the Golden Hind. Al

11、though its not certain how much she made from Drakes voyages to the New World, the captain himself made a 5 000 percent return on his initial investment.So a joint-stock corporation like the one Queen Elizabeth formed in the East India Company wasnt much of a financial leap. But it was the first of

12、its kind, and following the establishment of the EIC,its Dutch, French and other competitors followed suit. But granting charter to the EIC wasnt the only part of the prototype for modern corporations that Queen Elizabeth devised.Under the support of her royal authority, Elizabeth also limited the l

13、iability of the EIC s investors-including hers. This made the company the worlds first limited liability corporation (abbreviated as LLC in the United States and Ltd. in the United Kingdom). Under an LLC, the investors in a corporation are granted protection from losing any more money than their ini

14、tial investments in the venture. If the company goes under, the investors only lose the amount of money they put into the LLC. The companys outstanding debts arent divided up among its investors.Although it took several decades for the East India Company to become truly profitable, once it did, the

15、company rose to global domination-both in business and in government. In a symbiotic way, as the company grew in power, so, too, did England. So its no surprise that during its existence, the company was directly involved in major geopolitical changes: The EIC literally changed the course of history

16、. Two nations, India and the United States, revolted against East India Company rule, which led to the establishment of their current political structures.BThe East India Company and the United States/BAmerican and British schoolchildren are taught about the notorious Tea Act of 1773, which led to t

17、he rebellious Boston Tea Party. But exactly why the Boston colonists threw thousands of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor may be less clear. Its actually due to a secret agreement between the government and the East India Company.The Tea Act was designed by Parliament specifically to help the EIC unl

18、oad the millions of pounds of unsold tea in its English warehouses. The Americas were the designated recipients of the surplus tea. The Tea Act withdrew any taxes levied on the EIC for the tea it stored and sold-but it maintained the tax on all other tea sold in the colonies. This was equal to outla

19、wing (宣布为不合法) tea from any source other than the EIC, including small, colonial tea outfits. It would be like the United States government forcing all of todays Americans to purchase Apple computers only. Ultimately, the Tea Act allowed the EIC to drive its competition out of business. Colonists dee

20、med this an unfair practice-government was supporting one businesss interests at the expense of the liberty-and it gave rise to the famous slogan“ no taxation without representation“.Rather than agree to this corporate/government secret agreement, about 150 colonists dumped the EIC s new shipment of

21、 tea into Boston Harbor. The English government showed its allegiance to the East India Company when Parliament demanded that colonists reimburse(偿还) the company for the nearly $ i million (in 21st-century dollars) worth of tea. To enforce this demand, the British Navy was called in to blockade the

22、harbor. The tension created by this situation directly led the colonists into the Revolutionary War.BThe East India Company and India/BPerhaps it was being stationed halfway across the world from the East India Companys home offices in London. Or maybe it was the potential for wealth afforded by Ind

23、ias riches. Either way, Elihu Yale (the benefactor for whom Yale University is named) was tempted into .building his own smuggling operation. His dismissal from his post as the EIC governor of Madras was a light sentence compared to the fates of others who ran afoul of the company.Perhaps Yale got a

24、way with his life because of the work hed done on behalf of the EIC. Thanks to factories (colonies or settlements) nm by men tike Yale ,the East India Company was able to subjugate India and its tribal rulers. The company built forts in India to house its private army. The EIC also raised soldiers f

25、rom within the native populations. With the establishment of martial rule (the government set up in a land occupied by military) profits could be garnered easily. Perhaps the most profitable export for the companys India operations was opium (鸦片).By 1750, the EIC had established control over Indias

26、most productive sites of opium cultivation. By 1793, Britain had a monopoly on opium, and no Indian grower was allowed to sell his crops to any other company,The British colonialism carried out through the EIC was pretty brutal. It included the forceful seizure of land and deposing of rulers. Tribut

27、e, taxes and loyally were extracted from average citizens through methods. up to and including torture. Ultimately, the British presence proved to be unacceptable for some Indians. A number of sepoys (native Indians who joined the EICs militia) revolted against the EICs rule during the. Sepoy Rebell

28、ion of 1857. Some historians consider this Indias first war for independence, even though it was queued by the British army. Afterward, Great Britain officially occupied the country. India would remain an English colony until 1947, when it became a constitutional republic.The eventual creation of mo

29、dern-day India and the United States are but two major world events that have the East India Companys fingerprints. It would be nearly impossible to trace the entire legacy-both positive and negative impacts-that the East India Company had on the world. With direct involvement in so many different a

30、spects of our world, perhaps the question isnt “how did the East India Company change the world“, but “how didnt it?“（分数：70.00）(1).The establishment of the modern corporate structure started _. A. from early seventeenth century B. from the Middle Ages C. under ancient Roman law D. from the ending of

31、 the industrial revolution（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What did the East India Company get from British sovereign at its expansion? A. The qualification of establishing its branches. B. The permission to build Yale University. C. Financial as well as military support. D. The private army to protect its empl

32、oyees.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why did Queen Elizabeth want to establish the EIC ? A. Because she wanted to learn the corporation style of France. B. Because she wanted to follow Vasco da Gamas route. C. Because she needed fortunes to conquer other European countries. D. Because she wanted to share fort

33、unes with other European countries.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A joint-stock corporation allows people to _. A. divide the corporations property B. hold shares of the corporation C. return their percentage back to the corporation D. divide their initial investments to a corporation（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A li

34、mited liability corporation protects investors in that _. A. they lose only the first sum of money put in the corporation B. they only divide equally the corporation debts C. they neednt pay tax to the government D. they can put more investment into the corporation（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What advantage

35、s did EIC get from the Tea Act? A. EIC didnt have to pay taxes for the tea it had. B. Only EIC could sell tea to the American colonies. C. EIC finally won the trust of the British government. D. EIC got a huge amount of tea from the American colonies.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).How did people in colonies r

36、espond to the Tea Act? A. They showed their loyalty to the British government. B. They were dedicated to the Revolutionary War. C. They paid nearly $1 million to the EIC. D. They threw a huge amount of tea into Boston Harbor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Yale University is named after Elihu Yale, who once wo

37、rked for EIC as _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Since Britain got the exclusive control on opium, Indian growers must sell their crops to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It was not until 1947 that India became _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BDirections:/B IIn this secti

38、on, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the

39、 four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre./IBQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：56.00）(1). A. In a restaurant. B. In an airplane. C.

40、At a political convention. D. At a movie theater.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He always liked reading more than watching television. B. He used to watch television more than he does now. C. Its important to select television programs carefully. D. The woman should do more reading.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A

41、. Put a stamp on the letter. B. Make his letter shorter. C. Keep working on the letter. D. Send the letter as it is.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. She doesnt know much about painting. B. She should have started sooner. C. She ought to know when the class begins. D. She worries too much.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5

42、). A. He is happy that his parents are coming. B. Hes thinking about a number of things. C. Hes not feeling very well. D. Hes looking for a new apartment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. The woman blames the man for his absence. B. The woman thinks that everything was all right. C. The woman thanks the man

43、for his efforts. D. The woman doesnt think it was the mans fault.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7). A. To run into each other. B. To get bargains. C. To avoid the crowds. D. To join the crowds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8). A. Bill should not talk to John any more. B. John should tell Bill to think negatively. C. Bill sh

44、ould not take Johns remarks seriously. D. John should pay little attention to anything of Bill.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：21.00）(1). A. She feels terribly upset by losing her leather boots. B. She is still excited at the news shes ju

45、st got. C. She is violently horrified by the sudden loot. D. She feels extremely disgusted by the mans disturbance.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Require working part time and sponging off relatives. B. Provide the round-trip transportation fee to students. C. Offer stipend for vacation expenses and misce

46、llaneous costs. D. Cover tuition, room and board for an academic year.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The womans father might be a writer on IJterature. B. The womans father is teaching English as a foreign language. C. The womans father is a tutor in Education. D. The womans father must be an adviser of m

47、asters degree.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：28.00）(1). A. A reporter and the head of the Labors union. B. A correspondent and the head of WHO. C. Both staff members of the International Labor Organization. D. The correspondent and Ms. L

48、inlyn from International Labor Organization.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. There has been definite progress in employment. B. They have entered preciously male dominated occupations. C. Their employment have not been matched by their remuneration. D. They share equal total work load with men.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Preparing food, looking after children and other housework. B. Nursing, cleaning, mowing the lawn a