GRE-9 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、GRE-9 (1)及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 Analytical(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1.Issue Topic“A formal education is nothing more than the relentless revelation of one“s own ignorance.“ Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim made above. Use relevant reasons and examples to support

2、 your point of view. （分数：25.00）_二、SECTION 2 Analytical(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Argument TopicPresented with a serious deficit, the county administrator in Kindle County suggested reducing sanitation workers“ pay by 1 percent to avoid layoffs. The union balked and called for a raise, as in previous years, o

3、f 4 percent. The county board decided it would be only fair to split the difference, and agreed to a 2.5 percent increase in wages along with a slight increase in the county“s share of health benefits. Critique the reasoning used in the argument presented above by examining assumptions, assessing ev

4、idence, or suggesting ways to make the argument stronger or easier to evaluate. （分数：25.00）_三、SECTION 3 Verbal Rea(总题数：19，分数：25.00)3.When they purchased the hilltop property, they were blissfully _ of the fact that it stood directly in the flight path of the local airport.（分数：1.00）A.ignorantB.apprise

5、dC.charyD.unconsciousE.staggeredF.extolled4.Morels are related to cup fungi, but they are both more anatomically complex and more widely _ for their flavor.（分数：1.00）A.soughtB.valuedC.promotedD.confiscatedE.idyllicF.prized5.Over the course of just a few years, the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

6、constructed parks, bridges, and _ buildings in neighborhoods all over America.（分数：1.00）A.schoolB.innovativeC.refurbishedD.municipalE.prominentF.public6.Emily Post, who died fifty years ago, was probably the best-known on American manners and etiquette; her books are still in use today.（分数：1.00）A.wri

7、terB.authorityC.expertD.spokespersonE.mentorF.strategistIn 2007, Mother Jones published an article on “the ethanol effect,“ showing the negative ramifications of switching from foreign oil to corn-based ethanol. It pointed out that over just five years, the amount of corn used for ethanol had risen

8、from 7 percent to 20 percent. That led to a rise in the price of corn, which in turn led to a rise in food prices. Since so much corn was used to manufacture ethanol, less was exported. This meant less corn on the global market and the potential of an increase in global hunger. Ironically, the produ

9、ction of corn requires a great deal of gasoline for tractors and harvesters, reducing the energy savings to below that of gasoline.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the passage, what are some negatives involved in switching from foreign oil to ethanol?（分数：1.00）A.The amount of corn needed means less corn ava

10、ilable as food.B.It takes more and more corn to manufacture a single gallon of ethanol.C.Production of corn in general is surprisingly energy inefficient.(2).In the final sentence, the author suggests that（分数：1.00）A.using ethanol in place of gasoline does not ultimately save energyB.producing corn f

11、or ethanol rather than for food uses more energyC.retrofitting cars and tractors to run on ethanol is surprisingly costlyD.farm equipment cannot be retrofitted to run on corn-based fuelE.gasoline is far more energy efficient than most people believe7.You“re more likely to see a tavern or restaurant

12、named the Whistle Post than to notice the little signs along the tracks marked with a W or an X. The whistle-post signs tell train engineers where to begin blowing a warning prior to crossing an intersection. They are especially useful where the railroad crossing has no automatic barrieron rarely tr

13、aveled crossings or when approaching rail yards, for example. Train whistles have largely been replaced by air horns, but the rules of rail travel still call for two short, one long, and one short blast of the horn to be repeated until the train reaches the crossing. The noise may be a nuisance, but

14、 studies have shown that accidents double when the horn is not used. Based on the information in the passage, which of these can be inferred about whistle posts?（分数：1.00）A.They have been largely replaced in modern times by air horns.B.They alert an engineer to begin a series of two short, one long,

15、and one short blast of the horn.C.Their occasional removal or ban has led to observable increases in train-automobile collisions.Water beetles have a number of adaptations that make them able to live in water rather than on land as their countless beetle cousins do. Their spiracles open and close to

16、 take in air when they are on the surface and keep water out when they are underwater. Whirligig beetles have a clever division in their eyes that allows them to see above and below the surface at the same time. A number of water beetles, especially those that dive to find prey, trap and carry air b

17、ubbles with them on their abdomens, much as scuba divers carry air in their oxygen tanks. The legs of water beetles differ from those of their landlubber cousins. Often they are covered with fringelike hairs that help them speed across the water“s surface. Like all beetles, water beetles are capable

18、 of flight, but they usually use this skill only to escape predators or to move from puddle to pond.（分数：2.00）(1).The sentence in the passage that connects LEAST to the main idea is probably（分数：1.00）A.the sentence about spiracles that open and closeB.the sentence about seeing above and below the surf

19、aceC.the sentence about trapping and carrying air bubblesD.the sentence about fringelike hairsE.the sentence about water-beetle flight(2).It can be inferred that the author mentions scuba divers primarily to（分数：1.00）A.argue that members of the animal world have a good deal in commonB.give the reader

20、 a clear visual reference that will help clarify a pointC.contrast a natural means of diving with an artificial mode of divingD.explain how scientists have analyzed the water beetle“s motilityE.provide a humorous aside in an otherwise serious study8.Neurogenesis, the (i) 1 by which the brain generat

21、es neurons, is most (ii) 2 during prenatal development. Blank (i) A. situation B. process C. experience Blank (ii) D. insensible E. active F. noteworthy （分数：1.00）9.Shin guards are protective gear worn in a (i) 1 of sports, from ice hockey to rugby, to protect against (ii) 2 leg injuries. Blank (i) A

22、. variety B. phenomenon C. training Blank (ii) D. significant E. frivolous F. indefinite （分数：1.00）10.The Joint Chiefs of Staff were not officially assembled until after World War II, but they _ from an earlier attempt by Theodore Roosevelt to create a board that would work and plan jointly across th

23、e armed forces.（分数：1.00）A.counteractedB.increasedC.alteredD.evolvedE.accrued11.Maui is the second largest of the Hawaiian islands, _ only the Big Island (Hawaii) in size.（分数：1.00）A.exceedingB.surpassingC.trailingD.engagingE.reducingHis name has become synonymous with seduction, but many people fail

24、to realize that Casanova was not a fictional character but rather a real, fascinating person. The book about his escapades is a memoir, not a novel. He was the son of an actress and her paramour, born in Venice in 1725. His patrons sent him to the University of Padua when he was only 12 years old, a

25、nd he graduated with a degree in law, although he was far more interested in medicine. He became a professional gambler (not a good one, and he lived off the kindness of patrons, moving from city to city across Europe, often one step ahead of the law or his own debts. It was in his later years that

26、he began writing the enormous and unfinished memoir that would be his legacy. His chronicling of the famous people he met along his way makes his memoir a valuable document of an era.（分数：3.00）(1).The author of the passage would most likely agree with which of the following statements?（分数：1.00）A.Casa

27、nova“s low birth predestined that every step upward would be a struggle.B.Casanova“s reputation as a rou6 is only a small element of his vibrant personality.C.Casanova“s memoir provides an intriguing portrait of eighteenth-century life and manners.(2).The author uses a parenthetical element primaril

28、y to（分数：1.00）A.point out that Casanova“s talents were not in the area of self-financeB.contrast amateur gambling with Casanova“s more professional gamingC.support the notion that Casanova was not cut out for an ordinary lifeD.suggest that Casanova would have been a better doctor than a gamblerE.enga

29、ge the reader in an ongoing analysis of Casanova“s descent(3).Underline the sentence that suggests that Casanova was unusually precocious.（分数：1.00）12.In 1881“s Egbert v. Lippmann, the Supreme Court determined that public use of an invention (in this _, corset steels) meant that one could be barred f

30、rom patenting the invention.（分数：1.00）A.positionB.instanceC.settingD.prospectE.viewpoint13.The Adirondack range in upstate New York is frequently (i) 1 part of the Appalachians by geographers, but geologists point to its close geological (ii) 2 to Canada“s Laurentian Mountains. Blank (i) A. taken int

31、o B. regarded as C. kept in mind Blank (ii) D. familiarity E. immediacy F. resemblance （分数：1.00）14.The Eighty Years“ War, sometimes (i) 1 the Dutch War of Independence, started as a (ii) 2 against Philip II of Spain. Led by William of Orange, residents of the Low Countries (iii) 3 Spanish taxes and

32、the presence of Spanish troops. Blank (i) A. alluded to B. talked about C. known as Blank (ii) D. revolt E. fiat F. tribunal Blank (iii) G. forfeited H. rejected I. hindered （分数：1.00）15.The horizontal lines of the (i) 1 of architecture called the Prairie School are supposed to (ii) 2 the horizon of

33、the flat prairie grassland. The (iii) 3 of this style was that architecture should rise naturally out of its site. Blank (i) A. focus B. brand C. style Blank (ii) D. equate E. reveal F. evoke Blank (iii) G. premise H. tenor I. belief （分数：1.00）16.A novel sequence is a form prominent in the nineteenth

34、 century, in which a series of novels by an author share themes or settings or even a main character. However, the novels are not necessarily organized chronologically, nor must they be read in a certain order. Some works by James Fenimore Cooper fall into this category. His Leatherstocking Tales fe

35、ature a single protagonist, Natty Bumppo, but their publication dates have nothing to do with the order of events in Natty Bumppo“s life. Honor6 de Balzac“s many novels and stories in La Comdie Humaine contain recurring characters, but Balzac“s intent was to look at a broad swath of humanity. Althou

36、gh he had a plan and outlined how he thought the works might fit together, the reader can plunge into the novels at any point. The primary purpose of the passage is to（分数：1.00）A.distinguish between serial novels and novel sequencesB.contrast American novel sequences with that of French writersC.expr

37、ess a critical opinion about the works of Cooper and BalzacD.provide an outline for the reading of Cooper“s and Balzac“s novelsE.define and provide examples of a particular literary form17.The pluses of polycarbonate plastics are easy to see. A child“s cup now bounces rather than shatters when it“s

38、tossed out of the high chair. People with terrible eyesight can wear featherweight glasses rather than massive, heavy glass lenses. People like polycarbonates for their lightweight clarity and their toughness under fire. Nevertheless, polycarbonates appear to have some minuses, too. Until recently,

39、when a few manufacturers changed their processing, all polycarbonates were found to leach a chemical called bisphenol A (BPA). This chemical, once studied as a potential estrogen replacement, is believed to inhibit the endocrine system and to be especially harmful to young children. It is possible n

40、ow to buy BPA-free products, but the consumer should assume that BPA is in a polycarbonate product unless it is labeled otherwise. Which of the following generalizations is supported by the passage?（分数：1.00）A.All polycarbonates are durable and light.B.All polycarbonates leach bisphenol A.C.All child

41、ren should avoid bisphenol A.Geographic labels for lunar features often suggest, wrongly, that the moon is covered with bodies of water. Blame early astronomers, who were unable to distinguish lava flows from seas or oceans. Primarily to blame is probably Giovanni Riccioli, a priest and astronomer w

42、hose nomenclature for Francesco Grimaldi“s lunar map is still used today. The Mare Tranquillitatis, or Sea of Tranquility, is really a volcanic basalt basin surrounded by high walls. The Oceanus Procellarum, the Ocean of Storms, is a vast, flat lowland that some call the Great Plains of the moon. Th

43、e Lacus Felicitatis, the Lake of Happiness, is another low-lying patch of lava, and the Palus Putredinis, or Marsh of Decay, is a lava flow with a crater on one end and a mountain on the other. The dampness implied by the names is simply an illusion; basalt reflects less light than the surrounding r

44、ock, making these regions appear dark and deep.（分数：3.00）(1).According to the author, what did Giovanni Riccioli do wrong?（分数：1.00）A.Named moon structures for bodies of waterB.Mistook lava flows for marine featuresC.Renamed objects on Grimaldi“s lunar map(2).Based on the passage as a whole, the autho

45、r most likely feels that the mistakes made by the early astronomers were（分数：1.00）A.problematicB.inconsequentialC.deliberateD.preventableE.understandable(3).Underline the sentence that provides a logical explanation for the early astronomers“ errors.（分数：1.00）四、SECTION 4 Verbal Rea(总题数：18，分数：25.00)Par

46、is in the Twentieth Century is the title of Jules Verne“s “lost novel.“ His second work of fiction after Five Weeks in a Balloon, the manuscript was deemed too pessimistic and dark by his editor, and Verne never revised it, forging ahead instead with such blockbusters as A Journey to the Center of t

47、he Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. The lost novel, first penned in 1863, was rediscovered and published in 1994. Like most of Verne“s science fiction, it accurately predicts certain technological advances, among them modern subways, air conditioning, fax machines, and television. Un

48、like many of Verne“s more mature works, it lacks strong characterization and plot development. The hero of the book is a kind of Luddite, a humanities scholar who fails to connect to the Soviet-style technoworld that is Verne“s imagined 1960s Paris.（分数：3.00）(1).According to the passage, how does Par

49、is in the Twentieth Century differ from Verne“s later works?（分数：1.00）A.It contains eerily precise predictions about technological advances.B.The action in the book is not particularly well developed.C.It was not a runaway success while the author was alive.(2).When the author refers to the protagonist of Paris in the Twentieth Century as a Luddite, she primarily means that he（分数：1.00）A.