【考研类试卷】西医综合-外科学-16及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-外科学-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated (1) an ongoing struggle against (2) and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle (3) as an upward movement is (4)

2、toward ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of (5) is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics (6) been the enemy of an (7) group of people. A certain machine is put (8) work in a certain waythe purpose (9) which it was designed

3、. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to (10) a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, (11) the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization (12) the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only (13) money

4、 as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by (14) this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have (15) it, blacks are allowing. (16) to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, howe

5、ver, they will be (17) from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs (18) ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks

6、must change as well. The ways that (19) their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks (20) to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.（分数：10.00）(1).A. like B. as C. for D. with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A.

7、charity B. clarity C. cohesion D. oppression（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. charting B. charts C. charted D. to chart（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. progressing B. progressed C. clutched D. clutching（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. itself B. themselves C. ourselves D. himself（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. have B. to have C. has D.

8、 to has（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. entirely B. enter C. entire D. entrance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. for B. off C. on D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. for B. to C. with D. before（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. envelop B. accomplish C. enveloping D. accomplishing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. followed B. follows C. to follo

9、w D. following（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. since B. on C. in D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. before B. to C. with D. from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. to tolerate B. tolerate C. tolerated D. tolerating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. encountered B. encountering C. to encounter D. encounters（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. the

10、m B. us C. themselves D. ourselves（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. excluding B. included C. including D. excluded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. where B. that C. how D. what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. servicing B. encircle C. encircling D. served（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. is B. were C. are D. have（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Sec

11、tion Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each

12、 sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st ce

13、ntury, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute“.We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that th

14、e definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19tb century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing f

15、or its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out tc conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war whe

16、n necessary.The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the “place“ appropriat

17、e to each. Womens place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identit

18、y. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved“. To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics wh

19、ich were thought natural in a man.Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides, the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social l

20、ife and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.（分数：10.00）(1).It is only in recent years that we have recognized thatA there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.B the role distincti

21、on between different sexes is conspicuous.C the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.D the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a caree

22、r becauseA the change in sex roles is out of the question.B womens lib has been going on for many years.C ideas about the roles of women have been changing.D the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the womens roles.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author believes that sex discrimination in the West befor

23、e the 1960s wasA preferable.B prevalent.C presumable.D precedent.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the fourth paragraph, the author seems to think thatA female passivity is natural.B men and women are physically identical.C men are born competitive and aggressive.D some different sex identity is acq

24、uired.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the author, which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work?A Wish to claim their rights and freedom.B Ambition and self-fulfillment.C Financial incentives.D Desire for a social life.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This boo

25、k is written expressly for students in an attempt to present the material that is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inor

26、ganic section will better enable them to master the organic and biochemistry sections that follow. The author has felt that in the past there was an improper selection of material from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurse. The tendency has been

27、 to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an extent that organic and biochemistry is covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread application to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely alli

28、ed to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursing but also it is of more interest to the student. In the authors experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefore, the sections on inorganic,

29、 organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged that a good share of the time is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorganic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry. The fundamental points sugges

30、ted in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book, with some additions in the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hormones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course. The book has been

31、planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistry. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty

32、to ninety hours, the entire contents of the book may be used to advantage. While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing, it could readily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry. The apathetic attitude of nonprofess

33、ional students toward a course in inorganic chemistry may well be overcome by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry. （分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE about reading the book? A One must first review his high school courses. B Previous cours

34、es in chemistry are necessary. C A good mastery of biochemistry is essential. D One neednt have studied chemistry before.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors experience, the students are most interested in_. A chemistry as a whole B biochemistry C inorganic chemistry D organic chemistry（分数：2.00）A.B.C

35、.D.(3).Para. 4 suggests that one characteristic of this book is its_. A vividness of the language B simplicity in presentation C adaptability to various needs D complexity of the plot（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors attitude towards this book is_. A doubtful B critical C apathetic D approving（分数：2.0

36、0）A.B.C.D.(5).The purpose of this book is_. A to provide students with helpful and interesting material B to preface the Curriculum Guide with a brief account of biochemistry C to present inorganic and organic chemistry in details D to raise nonprofessional students interests in chemistry（分数：2.00）A.

37、B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“This is a really exciting timea new era is starting,“ says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol, the television company behind “Big Brother“ and other popular shows. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry

38、at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile- network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm. Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are “ streamed“ a

39、cross their third-generation (3G) networks. In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks; similar broadcasts will begin in Japan in April. In Europe, the Italian arm of

40、 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Canale 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006. Similar mobile-TV networks will also be built in Finland and America, and are being tested in many other countries. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, w

41、hich launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost“, “Desperate Housewives“ and “Law use “ Li Ming “ instead. Do not write the add

42、ress.（分数：10.00）_十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Directions:There has been a discussion recently on the issue of job-hopping. Write an essay to the newspaper to1. show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below1) the content of the picture2) the meaning/your understanding2. give a spe

43、cific example/comment, and3. present your suggestionsYou should neatly write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.（分数：20.00）_西医综合-外科学-16 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated (1) an ongoing struggl

44、e against (2) and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle (3) as an upward movement is (4) toward ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of (5) is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics (6) been the e

45、nemy of an (7) group of people. A certain machine is put (8) work in a certain waythe purpose (9) which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to (10) a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, (11) the imperative of innovation

46、and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization (12) the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only (13) money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by (14) this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining

47、 the folkways that have (15) it, blacks are allowing. (16) to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be (17) from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs (18) ring the decay of Har

48、tford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks must change as well. The ways that (19) their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks (20) to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.（分数：10.00）(1).A. like B. as C. for D. with（分数：0.50）A.B. C.D.解析：“narrateas”被描述为。这句话的意思是：在过去的 400 年里，美国黑人的历史被传统地描述为是对漠然和压迫的不断斗争。其他选项的搭配不对，故选 B。(2).A. charity B. clarity C. cohesion D. oppression（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：“oppression”镇压，压迫。句子意思参见上题。(3