【考研类试卷】西医综合-外科学-14及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-外科学-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money. He may (1) the repayment of the money at any time, either (2) cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. (3) , the banker-customer relat

2、ionship is that of debtor and creditor who is (4) depending on whether the customers account is (5) credit or is overdrawn. But, in (6) to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer (7) a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give (8) to problems and

3、 complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is (9) against him.The bank must (10) its customers instructions, and not those of anyone else. (11) , for example, a customer opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in (12) of

4、checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank (13) of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or (14) to pay out a customers money (15) a check on which its customers signature has been (16) It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very (17) one: the bank

5、must recognize its customers signature. For this reason there is no (18) to the customer in the practice, (19) by banks, of printing the customers name on his checks. If this (20) Forgery, it is the bank that will lose, not the customer. (254 words)（分数：10.00）(1).A acquire B deposit C demand D derive

6、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A for B through C as D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A However B Primarily C Moreover D Presumably（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A which B what C how D that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A on B with C in D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A support B contrast C regard D addition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A owe B commit

7、C attribute D embark（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A purpose B rise C priority D thought（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A loaded B offended C discriminated D directed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A conform B comply C obey D abide（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Unless B Although C Since D When（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A respect B charge C l

8、ine D place（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A specifics B signs C symbols D specimens（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A reputation B prestige C authority D impact（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A by B on C with D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A printed B confirmed C forged D justified（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A delicate B skillful C unusua

9、l D unique（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A risk B guarantee C fault D benefit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A engaged B intended C adapted D adopted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A contributes B facilitates C results D leads（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For

10、years Internet merchants have poured millions of dollars into new technologies to make their sites easier to use. So why arent online customers happier?Customer satisfaction levels have remained almost fiat through the last several years. The problem, according to Larry Freed, chief executive of a c

11、onsulting and research firm called ForeSee Results, is not so much that consumers have ignored the many improvements made in recent years. Rather, be said, they still expect more from Internet shopping than it has delivered.“If we walk into a local store, we dont expect that experience to be better

12、than it was a couple years ago,“ Mr. Freed said. “But we expect sites to be better. The bar goes up every year.“ In ForeSees latest survey, released last month, just five e-commerce sites registered scores higher than 80 out of 100, and no site scored higher than 85. It was much the same story a yea

13、r ago, when just five scored higher than 80, with no site surpassing 85. “Scores have inched up over time for the best e-commerce companies, but the overall numbers havent moved drastically,“ Mr. Freed said. “At the same time though, if you dont do anything you see your scores drop steadily.“That dy

14、namic has been a challenge for online merchants and investors, who a decade ago envisioned. Internet stores as relatively inexpensive (and therefore extremely profitable) operations. Now some observers predict a future where online retailers will essentially adopt something like the QVC model, with

15、sales staff pitching the sites merchandise with polished video presentations, produced in a high-tech television studio.QVC.com is evolving in that direction. The Web site, which sold more than $1 billion in merchandise in 2006, has for the last five years let visitors watch a live feed of the netwo

16、rks broadcast. But in recent months, QVC.com has also given visitors the chance to watch archives of entire shows, and in the coming months visitors will be able to find more video segments from recent shows, featuring individual products that remain in stock. Bob Myers, senior vice president of QVC

17、.com, said the Web sites video salesmanship is especially effective when combined with detailed product information, customer reviews and multiple photographs.About eight months ago, for instance, a customer said that she could not determine the size of a handbag from the photographs on the site bec

18、ause she could not tell the height of the model who was holding it. Within two weeks the site tested and introduced a new system, showing the bags with women of three different heights. The results were immediate: women who saw the new photographs bought the bags at least 10 percent more frequently

19、than those who had not.Still, Mr. Myers said, video is a critically important element to sales. “E-commerce started with television commerce,“ he said. “The sites who engage and entertain customers will be winning here in the near future.“ Such a prospect is not necessarily daunting to other e-comme

20、rce executives. Gordon Magee, head of Internet marketing for Drs. Foster for hard-drug users it is practically 100% . The message that smoking kills has been heard, it seems, but not by all.Having defeated the big killers of the pastwant, exposure, poor sanitationgovernments all over the developed w

21、orld are turning their attention to diseases that stem mostly from how individuals choose to live their lives. But the same deafness afflicts the same people when they are strongly encouraged to give up other sorts of unhealthy behavior. The lower down they are on practically any pecking orderjob pr

22、estige, income, education, background-the more likely people are to be fat and unfit, and to drink too much.That tempts governments to shout ever louder in an attempt to get the public to listen and nowhere do they do so more aggressively than in Britain. One reason is that pecking orders matter mor

23、e than in most other rich countries: income distribution is very unequal and the unemployed, disaffected, ill-educated rump is comparatively large. Another reason is the frustration of a government addicted to targets, which often aim not only to improve some-thing but to lessen inequality in the pr

24、ocess. A third is that the National Health Service is free to patients, and paying for those who have arguably brought their ill-health on themselves grows alarmingly costly.Britain s aggressiveness, however, may be pointless, even counter-productive. There is no reason to believe that those who ign

25、ore measured voices will listen to shouting. It irritates the majority who are already behaving responsibly, and it may also undermine all government pronouncements on health by convincing people that they have an ultra-cautious margin of error built in.Such hectoring may also be missing the root ca

26、use of the problem. According to Mr. Marmot, who cites research on groups as diverse as baboons in captivity, British civil servants and Oscar nominees, the higher rates of ill health among those in more modest walks of life can be attributed to what he calls the “status syndrome“. People in privile

27、ged positions think they are worth the effort of behaving healthily, and find the will-power to do so. The implication is that it is easier to improve a persons health by weakening the connection between social position and health than by targeting behavior directly. Some public-health experts speak

28、 of social cohesion, support for families and better education for all. These are bigger undertakings than a bossy campaign; but more effective, and quieter.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “pariah“ (line 5, paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA prohibition. B strictness. C pardon. D punishment.（分数：2.00）A.B.

29、C.D.(2).The author seems to be suspicious of the public-health success becauseA the message that smoking kills isnt voiced loudly enough.B unskilled workers are more willing to pay for the heavy tax in cigarettes.C single mothers are more likely to use their benefits to buy cigarettes.D the positive

30、 effects are yielded mostly on the richer population.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, why does the same deafness afflict the same people?A Because governments all turned their attention to these people.B Because these people are more likely to have unhealthy behaviors.C Because these peop

31、le suffer more from their poor income and education.D Because governments always neglect the real needs of these people.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT a reason for Britains aggressiveness in the public-health campaign?A The government is frustrated in curing smoking-related disea

32、ses.B The government is keen on eliminating social unfairness.C The free health service proves very expensive.D The gap between the rich and the poor is very big.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author seems to believe that status syndrome may be curedA if the measures can actually weaken the relationship b

33、etween social position and health.B if the government shouts louder in their campaign against diseases resulting from unhealthy habits.C if the government helps people find a stronger will power to give up their unhealthy habits.D if the government undertakes bigger and more effective ad campaigns a

34、gainst poor education.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Soon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform the world body in six weeks. “But what are you complaining about?“ asked the Russian ambass

35、ador. “Youve had more time than God.“ Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, “but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and all the committees.“Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration

36、on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th-16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March. “With 191 member states“, he sighed, “its not easy

37、 to get an agreement.“Most countries put the blame on the United States, in the form of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last-minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost settled. But a grou

38、p of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the worlds leaders to come to New York for, was averted only by marathon all-ni

39、ght and all-weekend talks.The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Righ

40、ts Council; the recognition of a new “responsibility to protect“ peoples from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an “early“ reform of the Security Council. Although much pared down, all these proposals have at least sur

41、vived.Others have not. Either they proved so contentious that they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and

42、 the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it “in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes“, but fails to provide the clear definition the Americans wanted.Both Mr. A

43、nnan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheless sought to put a good face on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as “an important step forward“ and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken “the first steps“ towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are determined to go a lot furt

44、her. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out the documents skeleton proposals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim.（分数：10.00）(1).Who have recently listened to the story in the first paragraph of the text?A Ambassadors.B UN officials.C The worlds leaders.D Reporters.

45、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.A it took much time to have a UN documentB it was a piece of cake to reach an agreement with approximately 200 member statesC few nations were resented at American diplomatic activitiesD only developing countries came up with la

46、st-minute changes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors attitude toward the UN final document is _.A biasedB indifferentC skepticalD impartial（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, empty platitudes might be found in the section on _.A Peacebuilding CommissionB UN Commission on Human RightsC terrorism

47、D the Security Council（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the last paragraph, the General Assembly _.A is deleting the documents skeleton proposalsB is determined to go further toward disarmamentC is attempting to put forward new proposalsD is unlikely to work out relevant details and advance novel pr

48、oposals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Researchers at the University of Arizona, led by Teresa Cummins, conducted an exploratory study on the online learning modules, designed to supplement hands-on classes taught by local experts and supported by an overview text, to help users increase th

49、eir understanding of key concepts in the Arizona Master Watershed Steward program. They also sought to determine whether program participants would use the non-compulsory modules.Their evaluation revealed that module users increased their understanding of key watershed concepts; participants in the evalua