【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(八)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-阅读理解(八)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a

2、very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system“ of prices. The price of

3、 any particular product or service is linked to a broad complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price“, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buye

4、r to the seller for a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the

5、 amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and other factors. For example, when the payme

6、nt will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, and return privileges. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package“ b

7、eing exchanged for the asked-for amount o money in order that they may evaluate a given price.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the best title for the passage?A. The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System.B. The Complexities of the Price System.C. Credit Terms in Transactions.D. Resource Allocation and the Pub

8、lic Sector.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product. B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product. D. Warranties that cover a product.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the l

9、ast sentence of the passage, the word “they“ refers to _.A. return privileges B. all the factorsC. buyer and seller D. money（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. all the factorsC. moneyD. how certain elements of a pri

10、ce “package“ influence its market value（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Unlike their American or European counterparts, car salesmen in Japan work hard to get a buyer. Instead of wandering around showrooms waiting for customers to drop by, many Japanese car salesmen still go out to get th

11、em. They walk on the streets selling cars door-to-door. New customers are hunted with a vengeance and existing ones entertained with fruit and cakes on their birthdays. But life is getting toughand not just because new-car sales are falling.With more Japanese women (who often control the household b

12、udget) going out to work, the salesmen increasingly find nobody at home when they call. That means another visit in the evening or at the weekend. Then they face an extra problem: more people, especially the young, prefer to choose a new car from a showroom where they can compare different models.Ev

13、en as late as the mid-1980s some 90% of new cars were sold door-to-door. In some rural areas most new cars are still sold this way. But in the big cities more than half the new cars are now sold from showrooms.Although investing in showrooms is expensive because of the high cost of Japanese land, de

14、alers have little choice. A labor shortage and higher expectations among Japans workforce are making it difficult to recruit door-to-door salesmen. Most of a Japanese car salesmans working day is spent doing favors for customers, like arranging insurance or picking up vehicles for servicing, rather

15、than actually selling.Japans door-step car salesmen are not about to vanish. The personal service they provide is so deep-rooted in Japan that they are likely to operate alongside the new showrooms. The two systems complement each other. What increasingly happens is that the showroom attracts the in

16、terest of a potential buyer, giving the footsore salesmen a firm lead to follow up with a home visit.（分数：20.00）(1).The one reason why dealers life is getting tough is that _.A. new car sales are fallingB. Japan is in recessionC. car prices are increasing fastD. high inflation has dented the customer

17、s purchasing power（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).More working women pose a great threat to _.A. their families B. car sales C. workforce D. mens career（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true?A. More new cars are sold in big cities than in rural areas.B. More new cars are sold in rural areas than i

18、n big cities.C. About 10% of new cars were sold in showrooms in the mid-1980s.D. European car salesmen are lazier than American car dealers.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The number of Japanese car salesmen is reducing because of _.A. a labor shortageB. higher expectation among Japans workforceC. high cost of

19、 landD. both A and B（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)“There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that,“ says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with

20、their parents. “There is a major shift in the middle class,“ declares sociologist Allen Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that ma

21、kes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively

22、 great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all

23、 that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.“ But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy; some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Tu

24、rco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,“ she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends houses.“Just how long should adult children live with their parents be

25、fore moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.“ And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with res

26、ponsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author, there was once a trend in the U.S. _.A. for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB. for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC. for married young adu

27、lts to move back home after a lengthy absenceD. for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest?A. Young adults find housing costs too much.B. Young adults are psychologically a

28、nd intellectually immature.C. Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.D. Quite a number of young adults attend local schools.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is that _.A. there will inevitably be inconveniences in everyda

29、y lifeB. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, what is the best for both parents and children?A. They

30、should adjust themselves to sharing the family expenses.B. Children should visit their parents from time to time.C. Adult children should leave their parents when they are grown-up.D. Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Ima

31、gine eating everything delicious you wantwith none of the fat. That would be great, wouldnt it?New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers

32、can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.C

33、hemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) “grab“ molecules of regular

34、 fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestine

35、s with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its

36、 that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent th

37、e absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made wi

38、th the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.（分数：20.00）(1).We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that _.A. contains plenty of nutrientsB. makes foods fat-free while keeping them deliciousC. renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitamins

39、D. makes foods easily digestible（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _.A. just as anticipated B. commercially uselessC. quite unexpected D. somewhat controversial（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that _.A. it facili

40、tates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyB. it passes through the intestines without being absorbedC. it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD. it prevents excessive intake of vitamins（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?A. It may inc

41、rease the risk of cancer.B. It may spoil the consumers appetite.C. It may impair the digestive system.D. It may affect the overall fat intake.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A. People may be induced to eat more than necessary.B. It may trigger a

42、new wave of fake food production.C. It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.D. The function of the intestines may be weakened.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War and instituted

43、 austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consu

44、mer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board w

45、as organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed b

46、y President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of us

47、e. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same

48、result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Lat

49、er the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.（分数：20.00）(1).What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?A. The impact of the Great Depression.B. The shrinking of overseas markets.C. The destruction caused by the First World War.D. The increased exports of European countries.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was _.A. to increase farm productionB. to