[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷54及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 54及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 The payroll register constitutes the treasurer departments authority to pay the employees. Payment is usually made in the form of a check drawn on the companys regular bank account. Pre-numbered payroll checks should be used, and there should be ind

2、ependent verification of the agreement of the checks with the payroll register in detail and in total. Payroll checks should be distributed directly to employees, on proper identification, by treasurers department personnel. The checks should not be returned to payroll for distribution since the pay

3、roll department would then have control over both preparing and paying the payroll. Alternatively, payroll checks may be deposited directly in the employees checking account. Payment of employees in cash is the exception rather than the rule. This form of payment is more easily influenced by errors,

4、 irregularities, and robbery than payment by check. Following payment, check numbers are entered on the register, the preparation and payment of the payroll are programmed on a computer. A termination notice should be issued by the personnel department on the completion of an individuals employment

5、with the company. Copies of the termination authorization should be sent to the employees supervisor and to payroll, and a copy should be filed in the employees personnel record. The proper execution of this function is vital in preventing terminated employees from continuing on the payroll. The sub

6、sequent diversion of such payroll checks to an unauthorized individual has been responsible for many payroll cheat through the years. Every company is expected to fulfill the legal requirements relevant to the filing of payroll tax returns and the payment of the resulting taxes. Ordinarily, the payr

7、oll department prepares the tax returns and a check is issued through the guarantor system in payment of the taxes. The responsibility for the filing of returns before due dates should be assigned to a payroll department supervisor. Furthermore, there should be independent verification within that d

8、epartment of the accuracy and completeness of the return. Effective control over tax returns is necessary to avoid penalties for late or incorrect filings. 1 According to the passage employees should be paid_. （ A） monthly in cash （ B） weekly by bank （ C） regularly by check （ D） properly in time 2 P

9、ayroll checks should be_. （ A） identified by treasurers department personnel （ B） distributed to employees by the companys bank （ C） sent to employees directly and responsibly by post （ D） deposited regularly in the employees account 3 Which of the following statements may NOT be the weakness of pay

10、ment in cash? （ A） Its easily affected by mistakes. （ B） It may be distributed irregularly. （ C） There is possibility of robbery. （ D） It can be done conveniently. 4 When an employee stops working in the company, all of the following should be done except_. （ A） a termination notice should be issued

11、 by the personnel department （ B） a copy of the termination authorization should be given to the employee personally （ C） a copy of the termination authorization should be sent to the employees supervisor （ D） a copy of the termination authorization be delivered to the payroll register 4 Tight-lippe

12、d elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“ Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually mak

13、ing these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of p

14、aper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education

15、, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will

16、pay him to employ you and your “wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible informatio

17、n about your could-be job, make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. 5 What do the elders me

18、an when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get“ ? （ A） Youll certainly get what you want. （ B） Its no use dreaming. （ C） You should be dissatisfied with what you have. （ D） Its essential to set a goal for yourself. 6 A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is us

19、ed in this passage as_. （ A） an illustration of how to write an application for a job （ B） an indication of how to secure a good job （ C） a guideline for job description （ D） a principle for job evaluation 7 According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job

20、 because_. （ A） that is the first step to please the employer （ B） that is the requirement of the employer （ C） it enables him to know when to sell his services （ D） it forces him to become clearly aware of himself 8 When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you hav

21、e something_. （ A） definite to offer （ B） imaginary to provide （ C） practical to supply （ D） desirable to present 8 The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained by means of supervision and regulation, inspections, deposit insurance, and loans to troubled banks. For over 50 years, these pre

22、cautions have prevented banking panics. However, there have been some close calls. The collapse of Continental Illinois Bank & Trusted Company of Chicago in 1984 did not bring down the banking system, but it certainly rattled some windows. In the late 1970s, Continental soared to a leadership positi

23、on among Midwestern banks. Parts of its growth strategy were risky, however. It made many loans in the energy field, including $1 billion that it took over from Penn Square Bank of Oklahoma City. To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans, Continental relied heavily on short term borrowing fr

24、om other banks and large 30-day certificates of deposit “hot money“, in banking jargon. At least one Continental officer saw danger signs and wrote a warning memo to her superiors, but the memo went unheeded. Although the Comptroller of the Currency inspected Continental on a regular basis, it faile

25、d to see how serious its problems were going to be. Penn Square Bank was closed by regulators in July 1982. When energy prices began to slip, most of the $1 billion in loans that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned out to be bad. Other loans to troubled companies such Chrysler,

26、International Harvester, and Braniff looked questionable. Seeing these problem, “hot money“ owners began to pull their funds out of Continental. By the spring of 1984, a run on Continental had begun. In May, the bank had to borrow $3.5 billion from the Fed to replace overnight funds it had lost. But

27、 this was not enough. To try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continental, the FDIC agreed to guarantee not just the first $100,000 of each depositors money but all of it. Nevertheless, the run continued. Federal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that could take over Continental a commo

28、n way of rescuing failing banks. But Continental was just too big for anyone to buy. By July, all hope of a private sector rescue was dashed. Regulators faced a stark choice: Let Continental collapse, or take it over themselves. Letting the bank fail seemed too risky. It was estimated that more than

29、 100 other banks had placed enough funds in Continental to put them at risk if Continental failed. Thus, on a rainy Thursday at the end of July, the FDIC in effect nationalized Continental Illinois at a cost of $4.5 billion. This kept the banks doors open and prevented a chain reaction. However, in

30、all but a technical sense, Continental had become the biggest bank failure in U.S. history. 9 In the spring of 1984, Continental experienced_. （ A） a fast growth period （ B） a stability period （ C） a run （ D） an oil price decrease 10 By July, all hope of a private sector rescue was_. （ A） destroyed

31、（ B） absurd （ C） desperate （ D） damaged 11 The nationalization of Continental_. （ A） saved it （ B） made “hot money“ owners continue to pull their funds out of Continental （ C） almost brought down the banking system （ D） fired many high-ranking officers 12 Banking panics may be prevented by means of_

32、. （ A） deposit insurance （ B） growth strategy （ C） long-term borrowing （ D） warning memo 12 If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the

33、United States. Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or rented at the lowest possible cost much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the

34、corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, often at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decis

35、ions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on trainin

36、g their work-forces, in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more nar

37、rowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to op

38、erate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and cre

39、ates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to b

40、e operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. 13 Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies? （ A） They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. （ B） They see the gaining of skills as thei

41、r employees own business. （ C） They attach more importance to workers than to equipment. （ D） They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. 14 What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American firm? （ A） He is one of the most important executives in the firm.

42、 （ B） His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. （ C） He is directly under the chief financial executive. （ D） He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm. 15 The money most American firms spend in training mainly goes to_. （ A） workers who can operate ne

43、w equipment （ B） technological and managerial staff （ C） workers who lack basic background skills （ D） top executives 16 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management. （ B） Extensive retraining is indispensable to

44、effective human resource management. （ C） The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firms hierarchy. （ D） The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 54答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案

45、】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 1段中的 Payment is usually made in the form of a checkdrawn on the companys regular bank account从中可知 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 2段的第 1句话 Payroll checks should be distributed directly toemployees， on proper identification， by treasurers department personnel从中

46、可知 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 3段的第 2句话 This form of payment is more easilyinfluenced by errors， irregularities， and robbery than payment by check从中可知 D项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章第 4段。从中可知，员工的雇佣期结束时，公司的人事部门应该发出一份终止通知。终止授权书应该发给该员工的主管和工薪发放部门，并归入员工的人事档案。因此 B项为正确答

47、案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题中， A项 “你肯定会得到你想要的东西 ”之意与文章第 2段的意思不符；在文中没有提到 C项的 “你应该不满足于你所拥有的东西 ”之意； D项不正确， “为你自己确定一个目标很有必要 ”之意是本文作者提倡的观点，不是年长者说这句话的意思。从文章第 1段的内容可知，出言谨慎的年长者过去常说：在这个世界上，重要的不是你想要什么，而是你能得到什么；从第 2段的内容可知，心理学教育人们，如果你知道你想要什么，并且你想要的东西又合乎情理，那么你肯定会得到它。据此可知，年长者们说这句话的意思应该是：要面对现实，不

48、要想那些不合乎情理的东西。 B项中说 “梦想没有用 ”与文章的意思相符，因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题中， B项 “如何获得一份好工作的暗示 ”不是作者使用该例子的目的。本文作者提倡的是 “要现实，不要想那些不合乎情理的东西 ”。 C项 “描述工作的方针 ”不是作者使用该例子的目的，文中没有描述过工作。 D项 “评估工作的原则 ”之意不是作者使用该例子的目的，文中并没有评估过工作。从文章第 3段的内容可知，如果我们想请朋友吃饭，我们就要定菜谱，列购物清单，并决定先做哪道菜；对于要招待的任何一种饭局来说，这样的计划都是必要的；从第 4段的

49、内容可知，同样，如果你想找到一份工作，你就应该取一张纸，写下你的自我简介。据 此可知，作者列举请朋友吃饭前所制订的计划这个例子，是为了说明找工作时应该怎样制订计划这个问题。 A项的 “如何写求职申请的例证 ”与文章的意思相符，因此 A项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题中， A项 “那是取悦雇主的第一步 ”和 B项 “那是雇主的要求 “两项之意明显与文章的意思不符； C项的 “自我简介能够使他知道何时推销自己的服务 ”之意不对，文中是说 “你才能明智地计划到哪儿去求职 ”，不是说何时去求职。从文章第 4段的内容可知：同样，如果你想找到一份工作，你就应该取一 张纸，写下你的自我简介；为寻找工作制订计划时，应该以自己的实际情况为出发点，因为，只有当你确切地知道你可以提供什么时，你才能明智地计划到哪儿去求职。据此可知，找工作前之所以要写自我简介，是因为自我简介可以让你清楚地了解你自己。 D项的 “自我简介促使他清楚地了解他自己 ”与文中的 “whenyou know exactly what you have to offer， you can intelli