【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(五)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-阅读理解(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the pro

2、cess and the innards (内在部分) are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the bu

3、siness of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick

4、with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it wont stand much blowing up, and it wont stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, a

5、nd the laughter becoming mysterious and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad peopleclowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it

6、is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyones life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made troub

7、le pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boot (or as Josh Bil

8、lings wittily called them, “tire boots“). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite a fiction nor quite a fact either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.Practically everyone is a manic-depressive of sorts, with his up moments

9、and his down moments, and you certainly dont have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem l

10、ikely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poetry, has an extra content. It plays close to the bit hot fire, which is truth, and sometimes the reader feels the heat.（分数：20.00）(1).In the first paragraph the author wants to say that _.A. just as scientists can dissect a fro

11、g, so analysts can dissect humorB. detailed, scientific analysis is not appropriate for humor, for it may make humor lose its aesthetic valueC. some peoples analysis of humor are too scientificD. analysts attempts at humor are not instructive enough to interest the author（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The aut

12、hor uses the example of the soap bubble blower to show that _.A. skill is required to produce humorB. neither too much exaggeration nor absolute explicitness is fit for humorC. people should perfect the art of humor just as the bubble blower does to the bubblesD. humor should make people frantic for

13、 a while（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, humorists differ from ordinary people in the sense that _.A. they give vent to their sorrows in a laughable wayB. they have much trouble in their life and they are melancholyC. they are more sensible of the sadness of life and they endure and exp

14、ress the pain cheerfullyD. they are mostly clowns with a breaking heart（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A humorous piece of writing can make the readers emotional responses untrustworthy becauseA. it expresses the truth of the sadness of human life with a sparkling surfaceB. everyone has his happy moments and u

15、nhappy momentsC. there is an obvious line between laughing and cryingD. it is like poetry, very rhythmic（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passages success lies in its extensive use of _.A. parallelism B. metaphors C. metonymy D. similes（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The habits of those who const

16、antly play video games are of great interest to people working in the video-game industry. If video games are going to be one of the most attractive features of future interactive television systems, it is important for manufacturers to know what types of games to produce, how best to present such g

17、ames on interactive video, and how to ensure that such games maintain their fascination for people. Above all, it is essential to build up detailed profiles of people who are addicted to video games.Until recently, the chief market for video games has been boys aged 8 to 15. The fascination for inte

18、ractive video games is seen in its purest form in this group. Video games appeal to some deep instinct in boys, who find it impossible to tear themselves away from them. Schoolwork is neglected, health is damaged, and even eating habits are affected. Girls of the same age, however, are entirely diff

19、erent, demonstrating far greater freedom from the hold of video games. Quite simply, they can accept and deal with video games easily, being able to play them when they want and then leave them alone.Aware of the reliance on boys of such a relatively narrow age group, some video-game manufacturers h

20、ave tried to attract younger boys while others have concentrated on providing an older audience with an excuse to extend its game-playing habits into adulthood. These attempts have certainly had some success, though it must be admitted, of a fairly limited nature in comparison with the huge success

21、of the 8 to 15 age group.No one has yet succeeded, however, in making video games attractive to the largest market of all: young adult women. These women buy more novels and watch more films and television dramas than any other single section of the populationbut few show interest in video games.（分数

22、：20.00）(1).Producers of video games are keen on _.A. developing computer techniques in making such gamesB. finding the best ways of continuing to attract peopleC. devising ways to change their video games into television programsD. learning about drugs to which people are addicted（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2

23、).The addiction to video games can be so powerful that it can _.A. make people physically ill B. destroy peoples instinctsC. make people seek protection D. separate boys from girls（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).There appears to be the most difference in the attitude towards playing video games between _.A. gi

24、rls and boys below the age of eight B. boys and girls from 8 to 15C. girls and boys above the age of 15 D. adult women and men（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Attracting young women to video games has been _.A. far more successful than attracting older teenage boysB. as successful as attracting younger teenage

25、boysC. less successful than attracting both younger and older teenage boysD. only a little more successful than attracting very young boys（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking test when she began college. “I was

26、 always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldnt think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what

27、 I knew to the teacher.“ Another student in microbiology had similar experiences. He said, “My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pe

28、ncil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldnt even write them down.“These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or

29、think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.Special u

30、niversity counseling courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help t

31、hem deal with their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work easy. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.An expert at the Un

32、iversity of California explains, “With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great./（分数：20.00）(1).To “blank out“ is probably _.

33、A. to be like a blanket B. to be sure of an answerC. to be unable to think clearly D. to show knowledge to the teacher（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Test anxiety has been recognized as _.A. an excuse for laziness B. the result of poor study habitsC. a real problem D. something that cannot be changed（分数：5.00）A

34、.B.C.D.(3).To deal with this problem, students say they want to _.A. take a short course on anxietyB. read about anxietyC. be able to manage or understand their anxietyD. take tests to prove they are not anxious（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A University of California counselor said _.A. all students could ov

35、ercome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety programB. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California counseling courseC. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety courseD. students found it easy to relax as soon

36、as they entered a University of California counseling course（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing (把固定) legal responsibility on those who conti

37、nue to treat our environment with reckless abandon (放任). Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something a

38、bout it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for envi

39、ronmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the diff

40、erence. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the

41、 charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our v

42、iews clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment

43、and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars tru

44、ly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：20.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _.A. they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB. they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests

45、C. time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD. it is difficult for them to take effective measures（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _.A. to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB. to

46、 arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC. to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD. to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “tunnel-visioned“ most probably means “_“.A. narrow-minded B. blind

47、to the factsC. short-sighted D. able to see only one aspect（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?A. Legislation and government intervention.B. The industrys understanding and support.C. The efforts

48、 of environmental health professionals.D. The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.B. More money

49、 should be spent in order to stop pollution.C. Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.D. Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Theres a simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it.Myers is the founder of Auburn Universitys Institute for Biological Detection Systems, the main task of which is to chase the ultimate in detection devicesan artifici