【考研类试卷】中国矿业大学真题2008年及答案解析.doc

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1、中国矿业大学真题 2008年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part One Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Most parent, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their 3 and they must have 2 how difficult it is to write a good childrens book. Either the author has aimed too 3 , so that the children can follow

2、what is in his (or more often, her) story, 4 the story seems to be talking to the readers.The best childrens books are neither very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the children who 5 the story and the adult who 6 it. Unfortunately, there are in fact 7 books like this, so the problem of f

3、inding the right bedtime story is not 8 to solve. This may be why many of books regarded as works of childrens literature were in fact written for 9 Alices Adventure in Wonderland is perhaps the most obvious of this.Children, left for themselves, often 10 the worst possible interest in literature. J

4、ust leave a child in bookshop or 11 and he will more willingly choose the books written in an imaginative way, or have a 12 at most childrens comics, full of the stories and jokes which are the objections of teachers and right-thinking parents.Perhaps we parents should 13 trying to brainwash childre

5、n into accepting our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so 14 that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the 15 books. So I suppose well just have to compromise over that bedtime story.（分数：15.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

6、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Part Two Reading Com(总题数：6，分数：40.00)Passages 1With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or

7、 at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university scholars, literary economists,

8、scientists or even poets. Disastrous deaths may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the liv

9、es of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate acquaintances. A story set in a more remote African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London appeals to our interest in geography or history, and mos

10、t detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably true background. The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modem intellectual critics and creators of “significant“ novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with appa

11、rent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from real life nagging gently, we secretly take delight in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so u

12、njustly over the innocent.Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from a

13、t least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, wi

14、th a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that

15、has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.（分数：10.00）(1).The crime novel is regarded by the author as_A. not a respectable form of the traditional novelB. not a true novel at allC. related in some ways to the historical n

16、ovelD. a distinct branch of the traditional novel（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The creation of detective stories has its origin in_A. seeking rest from work or worriesB. solving mysterious deaths in this societyC. restoring expectations in polite societyD. preventing crimes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The characters

17、 of the detective stories are, generally speaking,_A. more profound than those of the traditional novelsB. as real as life itselfC. not like human beings at allD. not very profound but not unlikely（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The setting of the detective stories is sometimes in a more remote place because_A

18、. it is more real B. our friends are familiar with itC. it pleases the readers in a way D. it needs the readers support（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The writer of this passage thinks_A. what people hope for from life can finally be granted if they have confidenceB. people like to feel that justice and goodne

19、ss will always triumphC. they know in the real world good does not prevail over evilD. their hopes in life can only be fulfilled through fiction reading（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 2Low-level slash-and-bum farming doesnt harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This

20、is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1 000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today.Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the

21、heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor. This means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming.But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, has studied unexpected patc

22、hes of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter. Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from “black carbon“the organic particles from camp fires and charred (烧成炭的) wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-burn faring.“ The so

23、ils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70 times more black carbon than the surrounding soil,“ says Glaser. Unbumt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1000 yea

24、rs old.“Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesnt completely burn all the vegetation, and leaves behind charred wood,“ says Glaser. “It can be better than manure (粪肥) .“ Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of

25、years. And rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment, Glaser says,“black carbon combined with human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils.“Terra Preta soils turn up in large patches all o

26、ver the Amazon, where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall within 500 square kilometers in the central Amazon. Glaser says the widespread presence of pottery confirms the soils human origins. The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so we

27、ll from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for “virgin“ forest. During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters high and cover up to a square kilometer. Glase

28、r claims that these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at the heart of urban civilizations. Now it seems the richness of the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations managed to feed themselves.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the passage that the traditional view of slash-and-bu

29、rn farming is that_A. it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforestB. it destroys rainforest soilsC. it helps improve rainforest soilsD. it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because_A. the composition of the topsoil is ra

30、ther unstableB. black carbon is washed away by heavy rainsC. organic matter is quickly lost due to heat and rainD. long-term farming has exhausted the ingredients essential to plant growth（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Glaser made his discovery by_A. studying patches of fertile soils in the central AmazonB. e

31、xamining pottery left over by ancient civilizationsC. test-burning patches of trees in the central AmazonD. radiocarbon-dating ingredients contained in forest soils（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does Glaser say about the regrowth of rainforests?A. They take centuries to regrow after being bumt.B. They ca

32、nnot recover unless the vegetation is burnt completely.C. Their regrowth will be hampered by human habitationD. They can recover easily after slash-and-bum farming.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the passage it can be inferred that_A. human activities will do grave damage to rainforestsB. Amazon rainfores

33、t soils used to be the richest in the worldC. farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon rainforestsD. there once existed an urban civilization in the Amazon rainforests（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 3As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans

34、 are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French soci

35、ologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism“ over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on (扰乱) Europeans private lives.Europes n

36、ew economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer ch

37、oice, todays tech-savvy (精通技术的) workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modem Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-tw

38、enty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceiv

39、ed to be negative, dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for rela

40、tionships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.“ Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufm

41、ann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,“ thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last long- if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the morning. I

42、n the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did- give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life./（分数：5.00）(1).More and more young Europeans

43、 remain single because_A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC. they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD. they are pessimistic about their economic future（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is said about European society

44、in the passage?A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free marketD. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of si

45、ngles are_A. warm and lighthearted B. on either side of marriageC. negative and gloomy D. healthy and wealthy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author quotes Eppendorfto show that_A. some modem women prefer a life of individual freedomB. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC

46、. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high eamers.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying i

47、ndividualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 4It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance youve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker. I

48、t is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The ov