【考研类试卷】考研英语（翻译）-试卷5及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 5及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_The U.S. Secret Service, which studies “targeted violence

2、“, provides insight on the urgency of the need in its 2002 “Safe School Initiative“ report:【F1】 School attacks, instead of being the random impulsive acts of noisy and cruel fellows, are well-planned events mostly carried out by a single studentwho is not evil but mentally ill. Except for being male

3、, the 41 attackers studied fit no profile of family background, race, ethnicity, or even academic performance. Many were A and B students. Few had a history of violent or criminal behavior. But their thoughts were of violence, and their behavior was often frightening.【F2】 They frequently expressed v

4、iolent themes in their writings, in one instance portraying killing and suicide as solutions to feelings of despair. The criminals often had telegraphed to other students and teachers to express their depression or desperation and either talked about or had attempted suicide. Feelings of persecution

5、 by others were common and led to growing resentment and anger. 【F3】 Psychiatrists and psychologists recognize that these are red flags demanding medical intervention. Yet one of most striking findings in the report was that the vast majority of these students never had a mental-health evaluation. N

6、o wonder only 17 percent were diagnosed with a psychiatric illnessit wasn“t looked for. That alone points to a huge mental health gap: If the distress of these students didn“t trigger medical attention, it“s unlikely that less severe struggles that are seen in as many as 15 to 20 percent of other st

7、udents will do so. 【F4】 Only recently have we learned that these are neurodevelopmental disorders whose early signs might well be picked up in routine podiatric screening. For example, a classic behavior in a child that can precede psychosis later in life is speaking to almost no one, even family, s

8、ays Nasrallah. Genes are known to confer vulnerability, but equally important is the environment. Stress or great disappointment can aggravate symptoms; Connecting with an adult in an ongoing relationship can do the opposite. Interventions like social-skills training combined with talk therapy and t

9、argeted medication can make a huge difference.【F5】 Early treatment can lessen the frequency and intensity of psychotic episodes, leaving many patients with only the mildest of symptoms. And the younger the brain, the more malleable is. The ultimate goal is to not only modify evaluation of disease bu

10、t keep it from arising in the first place. This is achievable, and the path to get there is becoming clear.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and

11、the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not

12、to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world.【F2】 Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for

13、upward mobility. In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds.【F3】 The m

14、yth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information. 【F4】 For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted abov

15、e all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in su

16、ccess through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice.【F5】 A

17、nd while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分

18、数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_What accounts for the astounding popularity of Dr. Phil McGraw? Why have so many TV viewers and book buyers embraced this tough warrior of a psychologist who tells them to suck it up and deal with their own problems rather than complaining and blaming everyone else? Obvious

19、ly,Oprah Winfrey has a lot to do with it. She made him famous with regular appearances on her show, and is co-producing the new “Dr. Phil“ show that“s likely to be the hottest new daytime offering this fall. But we decided to put Dr. Phil on the cover not just because he“s a phenomenon.【F1】 We think

20、 his success may reflect an interesting shift in the American spirit of time. Could it be that we“ re finally getting tired of the culture of victimology? This is a tricky subject, because there are very sad real victims among us. Men still abuse women in alarming numbers. Racism and discrimination

21、persist in subtle and not-so-subtle forms.【F2】 But these days, almost anyone can find a therapist or lawyer to assure them that their professional relationship or health problems aren“t their fault. As Marc Peyser tells us in his terrific profile of Dr. Phil, the TV suits were initially afraid audie

22、nces would be offended by his stern advice to “get real! “ In fact, viewers thirsted for the tough talk. Privately, we all know we have to take responsibility for decisions we control. It may not be revolutionary advice(and may leave out important factors like unconscious impulses).【F3】 But it“s sti

23、ll an important message with clear echoing as, a year later, we contemplate the personal lessons of September 11. Back at the livestock farmthe one in Crawford, TexasPresident Bush continued to issue mixed signals on Iraq.【F4】 He finally promised to consult allies and Congress before going to war, a

24、nd signaled an attack isn“t coming right now(“I“m a patient man“). But so far there has been little consensus-building, even as the administration talks of “regime change“ and positions troops in the gulf. Bush“s team also ridiculed the press for giving so much coverage to the Iraq issue. Defense Se

25、cretary Rumsfeld called it a “frenzy“, and Press Secretary Ari Fleischer dismissed it as “self-inflicted silliness“. But as Michael Hirsh notes in our lead story, much of the debate has been inside the Republican Party,【F5】 where important voices of experience argue Bush needs to prepare domestic an

26、d world opinion and think through the global consequences before moving forward. With so much at stake, the media shouldn“t pay attention? Now who“s being silly?（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_As a young bond trader, Buttonwood was

27、given two pieces of advice, trading rules of thumb, if you will: that bad economic news is good news for bond markets and that every utterance dropping from the lips of Paul Volcker, the then chairman of the Federal Reserve, and the man who restored the central bank“s credibility by stomping on runa

28、way inflation, should be respected than Pope“s orders. Today“s traders are, of course, a more sophisticated bunch. But the advice still seems good, apart from two slight drawbacks. The first is that the well-chosen utterances from the present chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, is of mo

29、re than passing difficulty.【F1】 The second is that, of late, good news for the economy has not seemed to upset bond investors all that much. For all the cheer that has crackled down the wires, the yield on ten-year bondswhich you would expect to rise on good economic newsis now, at 4.2%, only two-fi

30、fths of a percentage point higher than it was at the start of the year. Pretty much unmoved, in other words. Yet the news from the economic front has been better by far than anyone could have expected. On Tuesday November 25th, revised numbers showed that America“s economy grew by an annual 8.2% in

31、the third quarter, a full percentage point more than originally thought, driven by the ever-spendthrift American consumer and, for once, corporate investment.【F2】 Just about every other piece of information coming out from special sources shows the same strength. New houses are still being built at

32、a fair clip. Exports are rising, for all the protectionist crying. Even employment, in what had been mocked as a jobless recovery, increased by 125, 000 or thereabouts in September and October.【F3】 Rising corporate profits, low credit spreads and the biggest-ever rally in the junk-bond market do not

33、, on the face of it, suggest anything other than a deep and long-lasting recovery. Yet Treasury-bond yields have fallen. If the rosy economic backdrop makes this odd, making it doubly odd is an apparent absence of foreign demand Foreign buyers of Treasuries, especially Asian certral banks, who had b

34、een swallowing American government debt like there was no tomorrow, seem to have had second thoughts lately.【F4】 In September, according to the latest available figures, foreigners bought only $5-6 billion of Treasuries, compared with $ 25.1 billion the previous month and an average of $38.7 billion

35、 in the preceding; four months. 【F5】 In an effort to keep a lid on the yen“ s rise, the Japanese central bank is still busy buying dollars and parking the money in government debt. Just about everyboby else seems to have been selling.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4

36、).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 5答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：The U.S. Secret Se

37、rvice, which studies “targeted violence“, provides insight on the urgency of the need in its 2002 “Safe School Initiative“ report:【F1】 School attacks, instead of being the random impulsive acts of noisy and cruel fellows, are well-planned events mostly carried out by a single studentwho is not evil

38、but mentally ill. Except for being male, the 41 attackers studied fit no profile of family background, race, ethnicity, or even academic performance. Many were A and B students. Few had a history of violent or criminal behavior. But their thoughts were of violence, and their behavior was often frigh

39、tening.【F2】 They frequently expressed violent themes in their writings, in one instance portraying killing and suicide as solutions to feelings of despair. The criminals often had telegraphed to other students and teachers to express their depression or desperation and either talked about or had att

40、empted suicide. Feelings of persecution by others were common and led to growing resentment and anger. 【F3】 Psychiatrists and psychologists recognize that these are red flags demanding medical intervention. Yet one of most striking findings in the report was that the vast majority of these students

41、never had a mental-health evaluation. No wonder only 17 percent were diagnosed with a psychiatric illnessit wasn“t looked for. That alone points to a huge mental health gap: If the distress of these students didn“t trigger medical attention, it“s unlikely that less severe struggles that are seen in

42、as many as 15 to 20 percent of other students will do so. 【F4】 Only recently have we learned that these are neurodevelopmental disorders whose early signs might well be picked up in routine podiatric screening. For example, a classic behavior in a child that can precede psychosis later in life is speaking to almost no one, even family, says Nasrallah. Genes are known to confer vulnerability, but equally important is the environment. Stress or great disappointment can aggravate symptoms; Connecting with an adult in an ongoing relationship can do the o