【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷193及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 193及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds (1)_ on roof

2、s and telegraph wires. These birds are swallows. They are (2)_ together because, very soon, they will be flying. (3)_ to much warmer lands, where they will find (4)_ the small flying insects on which they (5)_. There are no such insects (6)_ in Britain during the winter; it is (7)_ cold for them. Th

3、e swallows settle, fly off, swoop, and (8)_ again. This they do many times, for they are making short (9)_ flights in order to be fit for the long journey (10)_ them. (11)_ of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly (12)_ for hundreds of miles (13)_ they reach the warm lands of A

4、frica. But not all the birds get there, for many of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with (14)_. In the spring of the following year they“ (15)_ the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the (16)_ district which they had left the (17)_ autum

5、n. How do these birds find their (18)_ there and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly (19)_, but it has something to do (20)_ winds and air currents.（分数：40.00）A.being perchedB.perchedC.being perchingD.be perchedA.gatheringB.assemblingC.waitingD.formingA.to southB.the southC.to southwa

6、rdsD.southA.great number ofB.a great deal ofC.plenty ofD.numerousA.feedB.are fedC.eatD.relyA.nearB.aboutC.nearbyD.overA.tooB.a bitC.veryD.muchA.fly offB.swoopC.settleD.turn backA.practicalB.practisingC.practiceD.practisedA.in advanceB.ahead ofC.in front ofD.in frontA.SwarmsB.HerdsC.FlocksD.SchoolsA.

7、firmlyB.stoutlyC.harshlyD.steadilyA.untilB.beforeC.whenD.asA.in the wayB.on the wayC.half the wayD.all the wayA.haveB.flyC.findD.makeA.oldB.originalC.familiarD.identicalA.beforeB.previousC.above goingD.formerA.wayB.pathC.courseD.routeA.whyB.whenC.howD.whatA.againstB.awayC.forD.with二、Reading Comprehe

8、nsio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._You might be forgiven for thinking that sleep researchers are a dozy bunch. Most of the other things people do regularlyeat, excre

9、te, copulate and so onare biologically fairly straightforward: there is little mystery about how or why they are done. Sleep, on the other hand, which takes up more of most people“s time than all of the above, and which attracts plenty of study, is still fundamentally a mystery. The one view shared

10、by all is that sleep matters. For evidence, look no further than the experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago in the 1980s. They kept experimental rats awake around the clock in an environment where control rats were allowed as much sleep as they want

11、ed. The sleep-deprived rats all died within a month. Carol Everson worked with the Chicago team as a graduate student and now has a job at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. While repeating the Chicago experiments she was struck by the fact that, although the sleep-deprived rat

12、s showed no obvious symptoms of particular diseasesand no such signs were picked up in post-mortemstheir emaciation and generally sorry state was reminiscent of that which befalls many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients, whose immune systems have packed up. While Dr. Everson does not claim t

13、o have hard and fast proof that sleep is needed for resistance to infection, her work does point that wayas does the re search of others around the world. Another approach is to look for chemicals that cause sleep; from these, you should be able to start telling a biological story which will eventua

14、lly reveal the function of sleep. Peter Shiromani of Harvard Medical School has found a protein that builds up at high levels in chronically sleep-deprived cats, but disappears within an hour if the animals are allowed 45 minutes of recovery sleep. Researchers at the University of Veron have found s

15、omething similar. But no one chemical tells the whole story. So new ways of inducing sleep may soon be available; an understanding of its purpose, though, remains elusive. In this, sleep is like the other great biological commonplace that is still mysterious: consciousness, which is also easily alte

16、red chemically but not too well under stood. No one knows how Consciousness arises, or what, if anything, it is for(though there are a lot of theories). Almost the only thing that can be said about it for certain is that you lose it when you fall asleep. Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking mi

17、ght require new insights into the consciousness that is lost and regained in the process. Putting it this way makes the problem sound rather grander, and the lack of progress so far look a bit less dozy.（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the writer say “You might be forgiven for thinking that.“?（分数：2.00）A.Solvi

18、ng the mystery of sleeping and waking requires new insights.B.Most of the other things people do regularly are biologically straightforward.C.The problem sounds rather grand.D.We still lack for progress though we“ve spent much more time studying it.(2).The experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and

19、 Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago _.（分数：2.00）A.couldn“t prove that sleep mattersB.allowed the control rats as much sleep as possibleC.showed that sleep is still fundamentally mysteryD.kept the experimental rats up all day and all night(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true ac

20、cording to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Dr. Everson announced the conclusion of the experiments that sleep is needed for resistance to infection.B.Carol Everson repeated the experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago.C.Carol has been a graduate student at the

21、 University of Chicago.D.Carol“s later experiment found some similarities between sleep-deprived rates and many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients.(4).The protein found by Peter Shiromani _.（分数：2.00）A.eventually revealed the function o? sleepB.built up at high levels in chronically sleep-dep

22、rived ratsC.was similar to that found by researchers at the University of VeronD.lasted for only 45 minutes(5).The writer seems to think that _.（分数：2.00）A.new ways of inducing sleep is still beyond man“s knowledgeB.consciousness is a crucial part in sleep researchC.the understanding of the purpose o

23、f sleep is still hard to achieveD.we“ve got new insights into the consciousnessEinstein“s connection with the politics of the nuclear bomb is well known: he signed the famous letter to President Franklin Roosevelt that persuaded the United States to take the idea seriously, and he engaged in postwar

24、 efforts to prevent nuclear war. But these were not just the isolated actions of a scientist dragged into the world of politics. Einstein“s life was, in fact, to use his own words, “divided between politics and equations.“ Einstein“s earliest political activity came during the First World War, when

25、he was a professor in Berlin. Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives, he became involved in anti-war demonstrations. His advocacy of civil disobedience and public encouragement of people? to refuse conscription did little to endear him to his colleagues. Then following the war, he direc

26、ted his efforts toward reconciliation and improving international relations. This, too, did not make him popular, and soon his politics were making it difficult for him to visit the United States, even “to give lectures. Einstein“s second great cause was Zionism. Although he was Jewish by descent, E

27、instein rejected the biblical idea of God. However, a growing awareness of anti-Semitism, both before and during the First World War, led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community, and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism. Once more unpopularity did not stop him from speaking

28、his mind. His theories came under attack; an anti-Einstein organization was even set up. One man was convicted of inciting others to murder Einstein (and fined a mere six dollars). But Einstein was phlegmatic: when a book was published entitled 100 Authors Against Einstein, he retorted, “If I were w

29、rong, then one would have been enough!“ In 1933, Hitler came to power. Einstein was in America, and declared he would not return to Germany. Then, while Nazi militia raided his house and confiscated his bank account, a Berlin newspaper displayed the headline “Good News from EinsteinHe“s Not Coming B

30、ack.“ In the face of the Nazi threat, Einstein renounced pacifism, and eventually, fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb, proposed that the United States should develop its own. But even before the first atomic bomb had been detonated, he was publicly warning of the dangers of nu

31、clear war and proposing international control of nuclear weaponry. Throughout his life, Einstein“s efforts toward peace probably achieved little that would lastand certainly won him few friends. His vocal support of the Zionist cause, however, was duly recognized in 1952, when he was offered the pre

32、sidency of Israel. He declined, saying he thought he was too naive in politics. But perhaps his real reason was different: to quote him again, “Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity.“（分数：10.00）(1).What does the writer mean

33、by saying “But these were not just the isolated actions of a scientist“?（分数：2.00）A.Einstein was not isolated in his postwar effort to prevent nuclear war.B.Einstein was isolated from other scientists in his political advocacy.C.Einstein was more than once connected with the political world.D.It was

34、the only action that dragged Einstein into the world of politics.(2).Which of the following is not listed as one of Einstein“s activities?（分数：2.00）A.He became involved in anti-war demonstration in Berlin.B.He encouraged people to refuse conscription.C.He rejected the biblical idea of God.D.He became

35、 an outspoken supporter of Zionism.(3)._ led Einstein gradually to identify with the Jewish community.（分数：2.00）A.His Jewish descentB.His unpopularity among his colleaguesC.His growing awareness of anti-semitismD.His rejection of the biblical idea of God(4).The writer wants to tell us that _.（分数：2.00

36、）A.Einstein is one of the great scientists in the worldB.Einstein was too naive in politicsC.Einstein was also a great politicianD.Einstein was also involved in politics in his lifetime as a great scientist(5).What“s the main reason Einstein declined the presidency of Israel?（分数：2.00）A.Because scien

37、ce seemed more important to him than politics.B.Because he was already an American citizen.C.Because he rejected the biblical idea of God.D.Because he could not forget his sad memory of living in German.Painting your house is like adding something to a huge communal picture in which the rest of the

38、painting is done either by nature or by other people. The picture is not static; it changes as we move about, with the time of day, with the seasons, with new painting, new buildings and with alterations to old ones. Any individual house is just a fragment of this picture, nevertheless it has the po

39、wer to make or mark the overall scene. In the past people used their creative talents in painting their homes with great imagination and in varied but always subtly blending colors. The last vestiges of this great tradition can still be seen in the towns of the extreme west of Ireland. It has never

40、been recognized as an art form, partly, because of the physical difficulty of hanging a street in a gallery and partly because it“s always changing, as paint fades and is renewed. Also it is a communal art which cannot be identified with any one person, except in those many cases where great artists

41、 of the past found inspiration in ordinary street scenes and recorded them in paint. Following the principles of decoration that were so successful in the past, you should first take a long look at the house and its surroundings and consider possible limitations. The first concerns the amount of col

42、or and intensity in the daylight in Britain. Colors that look perfectly in keeping with the sunny, clear skies of the Mediterranean would look too harsh in the grayer light of the north. Since bright light is uncomfortable for the eyes, colors must be strong in order to be seen clearly. Viewed in a

43、dimmer light they appear too bright. It is easy to see this if you look at a brick house while the sun is alternately shining and then going behind a cloud. The brickwork colors look much more intense when the sun is hidden. The second limitation is the colors of the surroundings: the colors which g

44、o best with Cotswold stone and a rolling green countryside will be different from those that look best by the sea or in a red-brick/blue-slate industrial town. In every area there are always colors that at once look in keeping. In many areas there are distinctive traditions in the use of color that

45、may be a useful guide. The eastern counties of England and Scot land, particularly those with a local tradition of rendering or plastering, use colors applied solidly over the wall. Usually only the window frames and doors are picked out in another color, often white or pale gray. Typical wall color

46、s are the pink associated with Suffolk and pale buffs and yellows of Fife. Much stronger colors such as deep earth red, orange, blue and green are also common. In the coastal villages of Essex, as well as inland in Hertfordshire, the house-fronts of overlapping boards are traditionally painted black

47、originally tarred like shipswith windows and doors outlined in white. In stone areas of Yorkshire and farther north, color is rarer: the houses are usually left in their natural color, though many are painted white as they probably all were once.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage when putting pa

48、int on the outside of your house, you should be careful _.（分数：2.00）A.not to let other people interfereB.to use paint that will withstand both winter and summer conditionsC.to take into account the general appearance of the areaD.to allow for slight fading of the colors(2).The reason the painting of the house has not been looked on as an art form seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.the public“s inability to appreciate the range of colors involvedB.the failure of art galleries to convince the criticsC.the impossibili