【考研类试卷】考研英语-374及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-374 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A new study finds that blacks on death row (1) of killing whites are more likely to be executed than whites who kill minorities. It also concludes that blacks who kill (2) minorities are (3) likely to be executed than blacks who

2、 kill whites. For example, there is more than a twofold greater risk that an African-American who killed a white will be executed than a white person who kills a (4) victim. A Hispanic is at least 1.4 (5) more likely to be executed (6) such an offender kills a white. The researchers of the study bel

3、ieve that there are two (7) explanations First, prosecutors often win (8) office if they win well-publicized cases. When a black kills a white, such killings gets more (9) and this idea can be (10) by many famous cases. (11) , the court judges at the state level are often (12) to elections, called r

4、etention elections. Retention election or judicial retention within the United States court system, is a periodic process, in which the voter (13) approval or disapproval for the judges presently (14) their position, and a judge can be removed from the position if the (15) of the citizens vote him o

5、r her out. Just as the researchers (16) out, death penalty is (17) political. The findings of the study, in short, show that American justice systems clearly (18) white lives more than those of blacks or Hispanics. The researchers also say their findings (19) serious doubts about (20) that the U.S.

6、criminal justice system is colorblind.（分数：10.00）A.convictedB.chargedC.believedD.sentencedA.theB.aC.someD.otherA.evenB.sameC.lessD.moreA.nonwhiteB.AmericanC.foreignD.minorA.longerB.yearsC.timeD.timesA.onlyB.evenC.ifD.unlessA.paradoxicalB.plausibleC.absurdD.ironicA.previousB.sameC.lowerD.higherA.atten

7、danceB.attractionC.temptD.publicityA.supportedB.approvedC.ratifiedD.holdA.moreoverB.secondlyC.accordinglyD.generallyA.submitB.proneC.subjectD.familiarA.decideB.expressesC.makesD.takesA.presentingB.chargingC.preservingD.holdingA.majorityB.minorityC.priorityD.superiorityA.pointB.showC.workD.implyA.int

8、uitionallyB.instinctivelyC.intrinsicallyD.distinctivelyA.convictB.valueC.indictD.accuseA.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.rinseA.dissertationsB.affirmsC.claimsD.suggestions二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It seemed so promisingmirrors sprawled across desert land i

9、n the scorching southwest delivering clean electricity and helping Americans out of the increasing fuel crisis. Some scientists and industry developers claim that Nevadas empty and sun-drenched expanses alone could supply enough electricity to power the entire country. Now even the optimists fear th

10、is wonderful prospect may be a mirage. Congress cannot make up their mind to extend the tax-reducing bill for solar-energy projects, which solar advocates say is critical to the future of their industry but which is due to expire at the end of the year. The latest attempt failed in the Senate earlie

11、r this month, prospects for a deal before Novembers presidential and congressional elections now look dim. Uncertainty has led some investors to delay or abandon projects in the past few months. Rhone Resch, the president of the Solar Energy Industries Association, said if the tax-reducing bill is a

12、llowed to expire at the end of the year, “it will result in the loss of billions of dollars in new investments in solar. “ Further dampening hopes for a big solar-energy boom, the federal Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has abruptly suspended new applications to put solar collectors on federal land.

13、 The agency says it has received more than 130 applications and needs to conduct a region-wide environmental impact study on the industry before it will accept any more. The study will take 22 months to complete, however. Few argue against trying to preserve precious water sources and protect desert

14、 tortoises and other creatures that might not enjoy cohabiting with sprawling fields of mirrors. But many solar advocates wonder why the government is not acting as cautiously when it comes to drilling for oil and gas. Senator Maria Cantwell, a Democrat from Washington State, wants a congressional p

15、robe into the proposed suspension. “The fact that the BLM pops this out without people even knowing about it, especially when solar thermal looks extremely promising as a power source, is not right,“ she says. Harry Reid of Nevada, who is the majority leader in the Senate, also condemns the BLMs fre

16、eze, saying that it could “slow new development to a crawl“. The BLM is not without its supporters, however. At a public meeting on June 23rd in Golden, Colorado, Alex Daue, of the Wilderness Society, said that his organization supports renewable energy development as long as it doesnt damage other

17、important resources. The message is clear: no rubber stamps, even for renewable energy.（分数：10.00）(1).“mirrors sprawled across desert land“ is mentioned to_.（分数：2.00）A.show the technology of solar energyB.spotlight the high technology in the United StatesC.introduce the prospect of solar energyD.expl

18、ain how to make use of Nevadas empty and sun-drenched expanses(2). The word “mirage“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.insightB.crazeC.visionD.prospect(3).According to Senator Maria Cantwell,_. （分数：2.00）A.the BLM should suspend new applications to put solar collectors on federal

19、landB.the BLM should not suspend new applications to put solar collectors on federal landC.the congress should decide whether to suspend new applications or notD.the congress should send experts to help the BLM to make decisions(4).What does the last sentence of the text mean?（分数：2.00）A.Even the pro

20、ject of renewable energy should not be granted.B.Even the project of renewable energy should not produce wastes.C.Even the project of renewable energy should not pollute the environment.D.Even the project of renewable energy should not be suspended.(5).Which of the following titles is closest to the

21、 message the text tries to convey?（分数：2.00）A.Renewable EnergyB.A heavy Blow for Solar EnergyC.Environment and Solar EnergyD.Do We Need Solar Energy?五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A bite of a cookie containing peanuts could cause the airway to constrict fatally. Sharing a toy with another child who had earl

22、ier eaten a peanut butter and jelly sandwich could raise a case of hives. A peanut butter cup dropped in a Halloween bag could contaminate the rest of the treats, posing an unknown risk. These are the scenarios that “make your bone marrow turn cold“ according to L. Val Giddings, vice president for f

23、ood and agriculture of the Biotechnology Industry Organization. Besides representing the policy interests of food biotech companies in Washington, D. C., Giddings is the father of a four-year-old boy with a severe peanut allergy. Peanuts are only one of the most allergenic foods; estimates of the nu

24、mber of people who experience a reaction to the beans hover around 2 percent of the population. Giddings says that peanuts are only one of several foods that biotechnologists are altering genetically in an attempt to eliminate the proteins that do great harm to some peoples immune systems. Although

25、soy allergies do not usually cause life-threatening reactions, the scientists are also targeting soybeans, which can be found in two thirds of all manufactured food, making the supermarket a minefield for people allergic to soy. Biotechnologists are focusing on wheat, too, and might soon expand thei

26、r research to the rest of the “big eight“ allergy-inducing foods: tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish and fish. Last September, for example, Anthony J. Kinney, a crop genetics researcher at DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Del., and his colleagues reported using a technique called RNA interfe

27、rence (RNAi) to silence the genes that encode p34, a protein responsible for causing 65 percent of all soybean allergies. RNAi exploits the mechanism that cells use to protect themselves against foreign genetic material; it causes a cell to destroy RNA transcribed from a given gene, effectively turn

28、ing off the gene. Whether the public will accept food genetically modified to be low-allergen is still unknown. Courtney Chabot Dreyer, a spokesperson for Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a subsidiary of DuPont, says that the company will conduct studies to determine whether a promising market exists

29、for low allergen soy before developing the seeds for sale to farmers. She estimates that Pioneer Hi-Bred is seven years away from commercializing the altered soybeans. Doug Gurian-Sherman, scientific director of the biotechnology project at the Center for Science in the Public Interesta group that h

30、as advocated enhanced Food and Drug Administration oversight for genetically modified foodscomments that his organization would not oppose low-allergen foods if they prove to be safe. But he wonders about “identity preservation“ a term used in the food industry to describe the deliberate separation

31、of genetically engineered and no nengineered products. A batch of nonengineered peanuts or soybeans might contaminate machinery reserved for low-allergen versions, he suggests, reducing the benefit of the gene-altered food. Such issues of identity preservation could make low-allergen genetically mod

32、ified foods too costly to produce, Chabot Dreyer admits. But, she says, “its still too early to see if thats true. /（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, foods have been genetically altered to_.（分数：2.00）A.taste more deliciousB.to cure peoples ineffectiveness in immune systemC.to promote sales of pean

33、utD.to lower the chance to get allergy(2). What can be inferred about genetically modified foods from the text?（分数：2.00）A.People do not accept any genetically modified foods.B.All genetically modified foods will be of benefit to peoples health.C.Genetically modified foods still have a long way to go

34、.D.Genetically modified foods will soon be sold in supermarkets.(3).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Genetically modified foods have been supervised by the authority.B.Genetically modified foods have proved to be safe.C.The nonengineered foods absolutely ca

35、n be contaminated by the engineered foods.D.The engineered foods are immediately profitable for the food companies.(4).From the text, we can know that RNAi_. （分数：2.00）A.can deprive cells of certain mechanismB.can protect cells against foreign genetic materialC.can be effective on 34 kinds of genesD.

36、can cause soybean allergies(5).What is the authors attitude towards genetically modified foods?（分数：2.00）A.Supportive.B.Unbiased.C.Partial.D.Skeptical.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While the ripples of Americas subprime-mortgage crisis have spread far and wide, Latin Americaa place long associated with fin

37、ancial disasterhas remained improbably calm. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been

38、one of the worlds fastest-growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. Quite simply, it barely has any credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive curr

39、ency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13% ; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36.5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term ba

40、sis. Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investme

41、nts. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit. But such a lucky confluence of factors could not last. Star

42、ting in early 2005 ,.inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starting to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes in farm exports. Now, just as

43、companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow. So, the time is ripe for the countrys financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentinas business

44、risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to the taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hol

45、d about four-fifths of their deposits abroad. Inflation, fuelled by a public-spending binge, state-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer-price index is doctored to keep the official rate below 10%, but private estimates sugges

46、t it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is almost impossible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend their wages rather than to save.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first

47、paragraph that_. （分数：2.00）A.Latin America has been greatly influenced by Americas subprime-mortgage crisisB.Latin America is suffering a financial disasterC.Argentina has suffered a financial crisis at the beginning of this centuryD.Argentinas economy grows faster than any other countries economy(2)

48、.Argentinas economy began its recovery in 2002. According to the text, which of the following is not the reason?（分数：2.00）A.Low wages.B.Low unemployment.C.Low value of currency.D.Low commodities prices of exports.(3). According to the author, Argentinas financial recovery has been blocked because_.（分

49、数：2.00）A.companies never pay the taxB.the banks cannot offer enough financial helpC.they do not have enough foreign investmentD.companies increased caution for the crisis(4).There is no reliable index of inflation, because_.（分数：2.00）A.the currency is cheapB.there are different ways to get the indexC.the index have been manipulated by the governmentD.the central bank has kept rates low(5).what is the main idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Credit does not play a role in economy.B.Banking sector and capital markets sometimes are not