【考研类试卷】考研数学三-无穷级数、常微分方程与差分方程(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研数学三-无穷级数、常微分方程与差分方程(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before

2、entering school, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature u

3、ntil about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (1

4、0) for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11) . Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simp

5、ly arent any early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about the

6、ir experiences and hear others talk about (17) -Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childh

7、ood amnesia 儿童失忆症。（分数：10.00）(1).A figure B interpret C recall D affirm（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A now that B even if C as though D just as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A largely B rarely C merely D really（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A refuted B defied C proposed D witnessed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A responsible B suitable C

8、favorable D available（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A declines B assesses C estimates D maintains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A reflect B attain C access D acquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A narratives B forecasts C communications D descriptions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A the rest B another C the other D others（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

9、.(10).A deposits B dreams C flashes D files（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A model B pattern C frame D formula（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A emphasis B assertion C explanation D assumption（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A recall B remember C reflect D respond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A instincts B feelings C sensations D experien

10、ces（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A impressions B beliefs C minds D insights（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A senses B cases C words D aspects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A him B their C it D them（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A taken B utilized C applied D spent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A habitual B verbal C unique D particular（分数：0.50）

11、A.B.C.D.(20).A permanent B mental C spiritual D conscious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Rupert Murdoch sees beams of light in the American advertising market, it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses. Last October

12、, when the impact of September 11th was only beginning to tell, the boss of NASCAR, a media group, had already identified “ strong rays of sunshine“. With ad sales still languishing, Mr. Murdoch declared last month that “ there are some hints of a modest upswing in tile US advertising market“. His e

13、arly optimism turned out to be misplaced. Now, however, other industry observers are beginning to agree with him.Advertising usually exaggerates the economic cycle, falling sharply and early in a downturn, and rebounding strongly once the economy has begun to recover. This is because most managers p

14、refer to trim their ad budgets rather than their payrolls, and restore such spending only once they feel sure that things are looking up. Last year, Americas ad market shrank by 9. 8% , according to CMIR, a research firm. Although ad spending has not yet recovered across all media, some analysts now

15、 expect overall ad spending to start to grow in the third quarter.The signs of improvement are patchy, however. Ad spending on radio and television seems to be inching upadvertising on American National Radio was up 2% in January on the same period last year, according to Aegiswhile spending on maga

16、zines and newspapers is still weak. Even within any one market, there are huge differences; just pick up a copy of one of the now-slimline high-teeh magazines that once bulged with ads, and compare it with the hefty celebrity or womens titles. Advertisers in some categories, such as the travel indus

17、try, are still reluctant to buy space or airtime, while others, such as the car and movie businesses, have been bolder. The winter Olympics, held last month in Salt Lake City, has also distorted the spending on broadcast advertising in the first quarter.Nonetheless, there is an underlying pattern. O

18、ne measure is the booking of ad spots for national brands on local television. By early March, according to Mr. Westerfields analysis, such bookings were growing fast across eight out of the top ten advertising sectors, led by the financial and motor industries. UBS Warburg now expects the “ upfront

19、“ market, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots on the TV networks for the new season in September, to be up 4% on last year. On some estimates, even online advertising could pick up by the end of the year.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “it is not necessarily time to

20、 reach for the sunglasses“ (Para. 1)?A The sunshine is not terribly strong.B It is not good time to develop advertising.C There is no need to worry about economy now.D The real economic recovery has yet to take place.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mr. Murdochs early market estimation was_.A exaggerating the s

21、ituationB being too cautiousC underestimating the developmentD probably describing the reality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true according to the text?A Advertising is a sensitive marker of economic change.B Managers will first cut salary during economic downturn.C CMR was wrong abo

22、ut last years US ad market.D Advertising spending has started overall growing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Signs of improvement are visible in the advertising of_.A high-tech magazines and sports industryB celebrity magazines and travel industryC womens magazines and car industryD movie industry and high-te

23、eh magazines（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors view of the prospect of US advertising market?A Recovery will be slow but sure.B There will be a big jump.C Patchy improvement will occur.D The situation will remain pessimistie.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every second, 1 hectare of t

24、he worlds rainforest is destroyed. Thats equivalent to two football fields. An area the size of New York City is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31 million hectares-more than the land area of Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has serious consequences for the environment; scientist

25、s estimate, for example, that 137 species of plant, insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In British Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clearcut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many

26、other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it.Much of Canadas forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian

27、 Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the worlds wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists an

28、d environmentalists: a plant called hemp.Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the rop

29、es and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world wide trading network would not have been possible without hemp. Nowadays, ships cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be rev

30、ived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canadas forests.However, there is a proble

31、m : hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual

32、 banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in pri

33、son-despite the fact that marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legal-both t

34、he hemp plant and the marijuana plant-and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana i

35、s less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, C

36、anada legalized the farming of hemp for fiber. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.（分数：10.00）(1).Logging is not banned chiefly becauseA scientists are overestimating the damage.B people

37、benefit economically from it.C some creatures are only threatened but not endangered.D it provides jobs to the consumers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Canadian forests will not face destruction ifA alternative sources for paper products are found.B logging is banned by the local government.C consumers increa

38、se their environmental sensitivity.D Canadian Pulp and Paper Association reduce its production.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to some scientists, Hemps are preferable to trees chiefly becauseA they are more easily cultivated.B they have been cultivated by many cultures for a long time.C they can pro

39、duce more paper than trees.D they can provide more endurable fibers than trees.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author seems to imply in the passage thatA the grounds on which hemp is banned cannot be justified.B drug addiction is an even more serious problem of the world.C American Presidents can be exempt

40、 from the punishment of law.D marijuana is an addictive drug that should be banned worldwide.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is a reason for the legalization of the hemp plant?A Both the hemp and the marijuana plant are healthy for people.B Productive members of society depend on marijua

41、na for production.C Only uncontrolled, long time usage of marijuana will result in addiction.D The hemp plant is a useful source for the production of paper and pulp.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)No blueprint exists for transforming an economy from one with a great deal of government cont

42、rol to one based almost solely on free market principles. Yet the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which under-performing state-owned are sold to private companies.By 1979, the total amount of debt, liabilities, and losses for state

43、-controlled enterprises in the UK topped 3 billion annually. By selling off many of these companies, particularly those in the depressed industrial sector, the government decreased its debt burden and ceased pumping public funds into money losing enterprises. According to government spokesperson Ali

44、stair McBride, “Far from past practice of throwing good money after bad, the Queens government this year expects to take in 34 billion from the proceeds of the sale.“ That, say some analysts, may only be the beginning. Privatization has not only been credited with rescuing whole industries but the n

45、ations economy to boot.Due to increased tax revenues from the newly privatized companies along with a rebound in the overall economy, economic forecasters predict that Britain will be able to repay nearly 12.5% of the net national debt within two years. That is good news indeed for the economy as a

46、whole at a time when many sectors are desperate for any ray of sunshine. British Airways this week announced a 20% jump in overall ticket sales and profits over this quarter a year ago. British Gas announced its first profitable quarter in nine years. At Associated British Ports, a new labor contrac

47、t was finalized, the first union contract signed at the port without a work stoppage in twelve years. Closer to home for most Britons, the nations phone service, British Telecom, no longer puts new subscribers on a waiting list. Prior to privatization, new customers would sometimes have to wait mont

48、hs before phone service could be installed in their home. Now, according to a company press release, British Telecom is promising 24-hour turnaround for all new customers.Part of this improved productivity has to do with new efforts to allow employees to hold a stake in the companys future. Companie

49、s now give their employees stock options that allow employees to share in the companys success (and profits). The response has been enthusiastic to say the least. At British Aerospace; 89% of those eligible to buy company shares did so. At British Telecom nearly 92% of eligible employees took part. Finally, at Ass